nor shall the Director or Deputy Director, except with the approval of the Board, hold any office in, or act in any capacity for, any organization, agency, or institution with which the Foundation makes any contract or other arrangement under this chapter. (b) Deputy Director; appointment; duties.

The Director may appoint, with the approval of the Board, a Deputy Director who shall perform such functions as the Director, with the approval of the Board, may prescribe and shall be Acting Director during the absence or disability of the Director or in the event of a vacancy in the Office of the Director. (c) Operation of laboratories and pilot plants.

The Foundation shall not, itself, operate any laboratories or pilot plants.

(d) Compensation of members of Board and divisional committees.

The members of the Board, and the members of each divisional committee, or special commission, shall receive compensation at the rate of $50 for each day engaged in the business of the Foundation pursuant to authorization of the Foundation, and shall be allowed travel expenses as authorized by section 73b-2 of Title 5.

(e) Federal officers as members of divisional committees and special commissions.

Persons holding other offices in the executive branch of the Federal Government may serve as members of the divisional committees and special commissions, but they shall not receive remuneration for their services as such members during any period for which they receive compensation for their services in such other offices.

(f) Exemption from provisions of sections 281, 283, or 284 of Title 18 and section 99 of Title 5. Service of an individual as a member of the Board, of a divisional committee, or of a special commission shall not be considered as service bringing him within the provisions of sections 281, 283, or 284 of Title 18 or section 99 of Title 5, unless the act of such individual, which by such section is made unlawful when performed by an individual referred to in such section, is with respect to any particular matter which directly involves the Foundation or in which the Foundation is directly interested.

(g) Utilization of appropriations in making contracts. In making contracts or other arrangements for scientific research, the Foundation shall utilize appropriations available therefor in such manner as will in its discretion best realize the objectives of (1) having the work performed by organizations, agencies, and institutions, or individuals in the United States or foreign countries, including Government agencies of the United States and of foreign countries, qualified by training and experience to achieve the results desired, (2) strengthening the research staff of organizations, particularly nonprofit organizations, in the States, Territories, possessions, and the District of Columbia, (3) aiding institutions, agencies, or organizations which, if aided, will advance basic research, and (4) encouraging independent basic research by individuals.

(h) Transfer of research funds of other Government departments or agencies.

Funds available to any department or agency of the Government for scientific or technical research, or the provision of facilities therefor, shall be available for transfer, with the approval of the head of the department or agency involved, in whole or in part, to the Foundation for such use as is consistent with the purposes for which such funds were provided, and funds so transferred shall be expendable by the Foundation for the purposes for which the transfer was made, and, until such time as an appropriation is made available directly to the Foundation, for general administrative expenses of the Foundation without regard to limitations otherwise applicable to such funds.

(i) Transfer of National Roster of Scientific and Specialized Personnel.

The National Roster of Scientific and Specialized Personnel shall be transferred from the United States Employment Service to the Foundation, together with such records and property as have been utilized or are available for use in the administration of such roster as may be determined by the President. The transfer provided for in this subsection shall take effect at such time or times as the President shall direct. (May 10, 1950, ch. 171, § 15, formerly § 14, 64 Stat. 154, renumbered July 11, 1958, Pub. L. 85-510, § 2, 72 Stat. 353, and amended Sept. 8, 1959, Pub. L. 86-232, § 8, 73 Stat. 469.)

REFERENCES IN TEXT

The civil-service laws, referred to in the text, are classified generally to Title 5, Executive Departments and Government Officers and Employees.

The Classification Act of 1949, referred to in the text, is classified to chapter 21 of Title 5.

AMENDMENTS

1959 Subsec. (d). Pub L. 86-232 increased compensation for $25 to $50 per diem.

§ 1874. Security provisions.

(a) Nuclear energy research and development.

The Foundation shall not support any research or development activity in the field of nuclear energy, nor shall it exercise any authority pursuant to section 1870 (e) of this title in respect to that field, without first having obtained the concurrence of the Atomic Energy Commission that such activity will not adversely affect the common defense and security. To the extent that such activity involves restricted data as defined in the Atomic Energy Act of 1946 the provisions of that Act regarding the control of the dissemination of restricted data and the security clearance of those individuals to be given access to restricted data shall be applicable. Nothing in this chapter shall supersede or modify any provision of the Atomic Energy Act of 1946.

(b) Research relating to national defense.

(1) In the case of scientific or technical research activities under this chapter in connection with matters relating to the national defense, with respect to which funds have been transferred to the Foundation from the Department of Defense in accordance with the provisions of section 1873 (h) of this title, the Secretary of Defense shall establish such security requirements and safeguards, includ

ing restrictions with respect to access to information and property, as he deems necessary.

(2) In the case of scientific research activities under this chapter in connection with matters relating to the national defense other than research activities referred to in paragraph (1) of this subsection, the Foundation shall establish such security requirements and safeguards, including restrictions with respect to access to information and property, as it deems necessary.

(3) Any agency of the Government exercising investigatory functions is authorized to make such investigations and reports as may be requested by the Foundation in connection with the enforcement of security requirements and safeguards, including restrictions with respect to access to information and property, established under paragraph (1) or (2) of this subsection.

(c) Clearance of personnel by Civil Service Commission.

No employee of the Foundation shall be permitted to have access to information or property with respect to which access restrictions have been established under subsection (b) (1) or (2) of this section until the Civil Service Commission shall have made an investigation into the character, associations, and loyalty of such individual and shall have reported the findings of said investigation to the Foundation, and the Foundation shall have determined that permitting such individual to have access to such information or property will not endanger the common defense and security.

(d) Oath and statement prerequisite to acceptance of scholarship or fellowship; ineligibility of Communist organization members; penalties.

(1) No part of any funds appropriated or otherwise made available for expenditure by the Foundation under authority of this chapter shall be used to make payments under any scholarship or fellowship awarded to any individual under section 1869 of this title, unless such individual

(A) has taken and subscribed to an oath or affirmation in the following form: "I do solemnly swear (or affirm) that I bear true faith and allegiance to the United States of America and will support and defend the Constitution and laws of the United States against all its enemies, foreign and domestic"; and

(B) has provided the Foundation (in the case of applications made on or after October 1, 1962) with a full statement regarding any crimes of which he has ever been convicted (other than crimes committed before attaining sixteen years of age and minor traffic violations for which a fine of $25 or less was imposed) and regarding any criminal charges punishable by confinement of thirty days or more which may be pending against him at the time of his application for such scholarship or fellowship.

The provisions of section 1001 of Title 18, shall be applicable with respect to the oath or affirmation and statement herein required.

(2) (A) When any Communist organization, as defined in section 782(5) of Title 50, is registered or there is in effect a final order of the Subversive Activities Control Board requiring such organiza

tion to register, it shall be unlawful for any member of such organization with knowledge or notice that such organization is so registered or that such order has become final (i) to make application for any scholarship or fellowship which is to be awarded from funds part or all of which are appropriated or otherwise made available for expenditure under the authority of section 1869 of this title, or (ii) to use or attempt to use any such award.

(B) Whoever violates subparagraph (A) of this paragraph shall be fined not more than $10,000, or imprisoned not more than five years, or both. (May 10, 1950, ch. 171, § 16, formerly § 15, 64 Stat. 156; Apr. 5, 1952, ch. 159, § 1, 66 Stat. 43, renumbered July 11, 1958, Pub. L. 85-510, § 2, 72 Stat. 353, and amended Oct. 16, 1962, Pub. L. 87-835, § 1, 76 Stat. 1069.)

REFERENCES IN TEXT

The Atomic Energy Act of 1946, referred to in subsec. (a), was act Aug. 1, 1946, ch. 724, 60 Stat. 755. The act was amended generally by act Aug. 30, 1954, ch. 1073, 68 Stat. 919, to be known as the Atomic Energy Act of 1954, and is classified to chapter 23 of this title.

"That Act", referred to in said subsec. (a), refers to the Atomic Energy Act of 1946.

AMENDMENTS

1962 Subsec. (d). Pub. L. 87-835 designated existing provisions as par. (1), added the reference to section 1869 of this title, and substituted the requirement, for applications made on or after Oct. 1, 1962, of a full statement regarding convictions for crimes, other than any committed before age 16 or for minor traffic violations, and any criminal charges punishable by thirty days confinement, or more, pending at time of application for scholarship or fellowship, for the requirement of an affildavit stating the affant did not believe in, and was not a member or supporter of any organization believing in, or teaching, the violent overthrow of the United States Government, or by any illegal means, in such par. (1), and added par. (2).

1952-Subsec. (c). Act Apr. 5, 1952, substituted the "Civil Service Commission" for the "Federal Bureau of Investigation".

§ 1875. Appropriations.

(a) To enable the Foundation to carry out its powers and duties, there is authorized to be appropriated to the Foundation, out of any money in the Treasury not otherwise appropriated, such sums as may be necessary to carry out the provisions of this chapter.

(b) Appropriations made pursuant to the authority provided in subsection (a) of this section shall remain available for obligation, for expenditure, or for obligation and expenditure, for such period or periods as may be specified in the Acts making such appropriations. (May 10, 1950, ch. 171, § 17, formerly § 16, 64 Stat. 157; Aug. 8, 1953, ch. 377, 67 Stat. 488, renumbered July 11, 1958, Pub. L. 85-510, § 2, 72 Stat. 353.)

AMENDMENTS

1953-Subsec. (a). Act Aug. 8, 1953, removed the $15 million limitation on the amount of the annual appropriations.

§ 1876. Science Information Service; functions.

The National Science Foundation shall establish a Science Information Service. The Foundation, through such Service, shall (1) provide, or arrange for the provision of, indexing, abstracting, translating, and other services leading to a more effective

dissemination of scientific information, and (2) undertake programs to develop new or improved methods, including mechanized systems, for making scientific information available. (Pub. L. 85-864, title IX, § 901, Sept. 2, 1958, 72 Stat. 1601.)

CODIFICATION

Section was enacted as part of the National Defense Education Act of 1958, Pub. L. 85-864, and not as part of this chapter, which constitutes the National Science Foundation Act of 1950.

§ 1877. Science Information Council.

(a) Establishment; membership; elections and appointments; tenure; reappointment.

The National Science Foundation shall establish, in the Foundation, a Science Information Council (hereafter in sections 1876-1879 of this title referred to as the "Council") consisting of the Librarian of Congress, the director of the National Library of Medicine, the director of the Department of Agriculture library, and the head of the Science Information Service, each of whom shall be ex officio members, and fifteen members appointed by the Director of the National Science Foundation. The Council shall annually elect one of the appointed members to serve as chairman until the next election. Six of the appointed members shall be leaders in the fields of fundamental science, six shall be leaders in the fields of librarianship and scientific documentation, and three shall be outstanding representatives of the lay public who have demonstrated interest in the problems of communication. Each appointed member of such Council shall hold office for a term of four years, except that (1) any member appointed to fill a vacancy occurring prior to the expiration of the term for which his predecessor was appointed shall be appointed only for the remainder of such term, and (2) that of the members first appointed, four shall hold office for a term of three years, four shall hold office for a term of two years, and three shall hold office for a term of one year, as designated by the Director of the National Science Foundation at the time of appointment. No appointed member of the Council shall be eligible for reappointment until a year has elapsed since the end of his preceding term.

(b) Duties and meetings.

It shall be the duty of the Council to advise, to consult with, and to make recommendations to, the head of the Science Information Service. The Council shall meet at least twice each year, and at such other times as the majority thereof deems appropriate.

(c) Compensation and allowance for expenses.

Persons appointed to the Council shall, while serving on business of the Council, receive compensation at rates fixed by the National Science Foundation, but not to exceed $50 per day, and shall also be entitled to receive an allowance for actual and necessary travel and subsistence expenses while so serving away from their places of residence. (Pub. L. 85864, title IX, § 902, Sept. 2, 1958, 72 Stat. 1601.) CODIFICATION

Section was enacted as part of the National Defense Education Act of 1958, Pub. L. 85-864, and not as part of this chapter, which constitutes the National Science Foundation Act of 1950.

§ 1878. Functions relating to Science Information Service and Council.

In carrying out its functions under sections 18761879 of this title, the National Science Foundation shall have the same power and authority it has under this chapter to carry out its functions under this chapter. (Pub. L. 85-864, title IX, § 903, Sept. 2, 1958, 72 Stat. 1601.)

CODIFICATION

Section was enacted as part of the National Defense Education Act of 1958, Pub. L. 85-864, and not as part of this chapter, which constitutes the National Science Foundation Act of 1950.

§ 1879. Appropriations for Science Information Service and Council.

There are authorized to be appropriated for the fiscal year ending June 30, 1959, and for each succeeding fiscal year, such sums as may be necessary to carry out the provisions of sections 1876-1879 of this title. (Pub. L. 85-864, title IX, § 904, Sept. 2, 1958, 72 Stat. 1602.)

CODIFICATION

Section was enacted as part of the National Defense Education Act of 1958, Pub. L. 85-864, and not as part of this chapter, which constitutes the National Science Foundation Act of 1950.

§ 1880. National Medal of Science.

There is established a National Medal of Science (hereinafter referred to as the "medal"), which shall be of such design and materials and bear such inscriptions as the President, on the basis of recommendations submitted by the National Science Foundation, may prescribe, and shall be awarded as provided in section 1881 of this title. (Pub. L. 86209, § 1, Aug. 25, 1959, 73 Stat. 431.) CODIFICATION

Section was not enacted as a part of the National Science Foundation Act of 1950 which comprises this chapter.

§ 1881. Same; award; number; citizenship; ceremonies.

(a) The President shall from time to time award the medal, on the basis of recommendations received from the National Academy of Sciences or on the basis of such other information and evidence as he deems appropriate, to individuals who in his judgment are deserving of special recognition by reason of their outstanding contributions to knowledge in the physical, biological, mathematical, or engineering sciences.

(b) Not more than twenty individuals may be awarded the medal in any one calendar year. (c) An individual may not be awarded the medal unless at the time such award is made he

(1) is a citizen or other national of the United States; or

(2) is an alien lawfully admitted to the United States for permanent residence who (A) has filed an application for petition for naturalization in the manner prescribed by section 1445 (b) of Title 8 and (B) is not permanently ineligible to become a citizen of the United States.

(d) The presentation of the award shall be made by the President with such ceremonies as he may deem proper, including attendance by appropriate

§ 1891. Authorization to make grants.

The head of each agency of the Federal Government, authorized to enter into contracts for basic scientific research at nonprofit institutions of higher education, or at nonprofit organizations whose primary purpose is the conduct of scientific research, is authorized, where it is deemed to be in furtherance of the objectives of the agency, to make grants to such institutions or organizations for the support of such basic scientific research. (Pub. L. 85-934, § 1, Sept. 6, 1958, 72 Stat. 1793.)

§ 1892. Same; title to equipment.

Authority to make grants or contracts for the conduct of basic or applied scientific research at nonprofit institutions of higher education, or at nonprofit organizations whose primary purpose is the conduct of scientific research, shall include discretionary authority, where it is deemed to be in furtherance of the objectives of the agency, to vest in such institutions or organizations, without further obligation to the Government, or on such other terms and conditions as the agency deems appropriate, title to equipment purchased with such grant or contract funds. (Pub. L. 85-934, § 2, Sept. 6, 1958, 72 Stat. 1793.)

§ 1893. Annual report to Congress; contents.

Each agency or department of the Federal Government exercising authority granted by this chapter shall make an annual report on or before June 30th of each year to the appropriate committees of both Houses of Congress. Such report shall set forth therein, for the preceding year, the number of grants made pursuant to the authority provided in section 1891 of this title, the dollar amount of such grants, and the institutions in which title to equipment was vested pursuant to section 1892 of this title. (Pub. L. 85-934, § 3, Sept. 6, 1958, 72 Stat. 1793.)

Chapter 17.-FEDERAL EMPLOYMENT SERVICE S$ 1901-1918. Transferred.

CODIFICATION

Sections have been transferred to sections 49-49k, 49m, and 49n of Title 29, Labor, as follows: Section 1901 is now section 49.

Section 1902 is now section 498.

Section 1903 is now section 49b. Section 1904 is now section 49c. Section 1905 is now section 49d. Section 1906 is now section 49e. Section 1907 is now section 49f. Section 1908 is now section 49g. Section 1909 is now section 49h. Section 1910 is now section 49].

Section 1911 is now section 49k.

1921. Establishment of medals for bravery; rules and regulations; conditions governing awards. 1922. Establishment of medals for character and service; condition governing awards.

1923. Names of medals; presentation.

1924. Certificate of commendation accompanying awards; limitation on number of yearly awards. 1925. Report to Congress. 1926. Appropriations.

§ 1921. Establishment of medals for bravery; rules and regulations; conditions governing awards. The Department of Justice be, and it is, authorized and directed to promulgate rules and regulations establishing a medal; the method of selecting such recipient thereof so that an award shall be made to any child residing in the United States, who is eighteen years old or under, who has exhibited exceptional courage, extraordinary decision, presence of mind, and unusual swiftness of action, regardless of his or her own personal safety, in an effort to save or successfully saving the life or lives of any person or persons whose life or lives were in actual imminent danger. (Aug. 3, 1950, ch. 520, § 1, 64 Stat. 397.)

§ 1922. Establishment of medals for character and service; condition governing awards.

The Department of Justice shall also honor by an appropriate medal such American boy or girl citizens, eighteen years old or under, who, in the opinion of the said Department of Justice, shall have achieved outstanding or unusual recognition for character and service during any given year. (Aug. 3, 1950, ch. 520, § 2, 64 Stat. 397.)

§ 1923. Names of medals; presentation.

The medal to be awarded for bravery or valor as defined in section 1921 of this title shall be known as the Young American Medal for Bravery, while the medal for outstanding character and service as defined in section 1922 of this title shall be known as the Young American Medal for Service, and such medals shall be presented personally by the President of the United States for and on behalf, and in the name of the President and the Congress of the United States of America. (Aug. 3, 1950, ch. 520, § 3, 64 Stat. 398.)

§ 1924. Certificate of commendation accompanying awards; limitation on number of yearly awards. Accompanying such medals designated in this chapter there shall be an appropriate certificate of commendation presented to the recipient or recipients stating (a) the circumstances under which the act of bravery was performed, and (b) citing the outstanding recognition for character and service: Provided, That there shall not be awarded in any one calendar year in excess of four such medals, to wit, two for bravery and two for character and service, as herein authorized. (Aug. 3, 1950, ch. 520, § 4,

64 Stat. 398.)

1951. Congressional policy on conversion of sea and saline waters; definitions.

1952. Duties of Secretary of Interior.

(a) Research and studies for development of processes and methods for converting saline water.

(b) Research and technical development work to develop processes and plant designs.

(c) Recommendation to Congress for demonstration plant.

(d) Methods for recovery and marketing of byproducts.

(e) Economic studies and surveys on water production costs.

1953. Powers of the Secretary of Interior. 1954. Coordination or joint conduct of activities with

Department of Defense; cooperation with other Federal agencies; availability to public of resulting information and developments.

1955. Disposal of water and byproducts; disposition of monies; alteration of existing law.

1956. Reports.

1957. Rules and regulations.

1958. Appropriations; expenditures in cooperation with foreign agencies.

1958a. Demonstration plants for production of consumptive water from saline water.

(a) Number and purpose of plants; selection of process; reports to Congress.

(b) Construction of plants; conditions. (c) Definition of "demonstration plant”. 1958b. Same; contracts for construction, operation and maintenance; operation, maintenance and engineering records; access by public to records and plants. 1958c. Same; acceptance of assistance from State or public agencies; contracts for assistance; availability of contributed funds; return of unexpended funds. 1958d. Same; termination of authority; disposal of plants; return of share of proceeds to contributors. 1958e. Same; powers of Secretary; administration. 1958f. Same; contracts for construction, materials, sup

plies and services; periods; liability of United States; availability of unobligated appropriations for administrative and technical services. 1958g. Same; authorization of appropriation.

§ 1951. Congressional policy on conversion of sea and saline waters; definitions.

In view of the increasing shortage of usable surface and ground water in many parts of the Nation and the importance of finding new sources of supply to meet its present and future water needs, it is the policy of the Congress to provide for the development of practicable low-cost means for the largescale production of water of a quantity suitable for municipal, industrial, agricultural, and other bene

ficial consumptive uses from saline water, and for studies and research related thereto. As used in sections 1951-1958 of this title, the term "saline water" includes sea water, brackish water, and other mineralized or chemically charged water, and the term "United States" extends to and includes the District of Columbia, the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico, and the territories and possessions of the United States. (July 3, 1952, ch. 568, § 1, 66 Stat. 328; Sept. 22, 1961, Pub. L. 87–295, § 1, 75 Stat. 628.) AMENDMENTS

1961-Pub. L. 87-295 stated the Congressional policy to provide for studies and research related to water conversion, and included the definitions of "saline water" and "United States."

§ 1952. Duties of the Secretary of Interior.

In order to accomplish the purposes of sections 1951-1958 of this title, the Secretary of the Interior shall

Research and studies for development of processes and methods for converting saline water. (a) conduct, encourage, and promote fundamental scientific research and basic studies to develop the best and most economical processes and methods for converting saline water into water suitable for beneficial consumptive purposes;

Research and technical development work to develop processes and plant designs.

(b) conduct engineering research and technical development work to determine, by laboratory and pilot plant testing, the results of the research and studies aforesaid in order to develop processes and plant designs to the point where they can be demonstrated on a large and practical scale;

Recommendation to Congress for demonstration plant.

(c) recommend to the Congress from time to time authorization for construction and operation, or for participation in the construction and operation of a demonstration plant for any process which he determines, on the basis of subsections (a) and (b) above, has great promise of accomplishing the purposes of sections 19511958 of this title, such recommendation to be accompanied by a report on the size, location, and cost of the proposed plant and the engineering and economic details with respect thereto; Methods for recovery and marketing of byproducts.

(d) study methods for the recovery and marketing of commercially valuable byproducts resulting from the conversion of saline water; and Economic studies and surveys on water production costs.

(e) undertake economic studies and surveys to determine present and prospective costs of producing water for beneficial consumptive purposes in various parts of the United States by the leading saline water processes as compared with other standard methods.

(July 3, 1952, ch. 568, § 2, 66 Stat. 328; June 29, 1955, ch. 227, § 1(1), 69 Stat. 198; Sept. 22, 1961, Pub. L. 87-295, § 1, 75 Stat. 628.)