CODIFICATION A prior section 18571, act July 14, 1955, ch. 360, § 7, 69 Stat. 323, related to research and experiments under other laws. See section 18571(a) of this title. PRIOR PROVISIONS Provisions similar to those comprising subsec. (a) of this section were contained in former section 1857g, act July 14, 1955, ch. 360, § 8, as added Sept. 22, 1959, Pub. L. 86-365, § 2, 73 Stat. 646, prior to the general amendment of this chapter by Pub. L. 88-206. § 1857g. Administration. (a) Regulations; delegation of powers of Secretary. The Secretary is authorized to prescribe such regulations as are necessary to carry out his functions under this chapter. The Secretary may delegate to any officer or employee of the Department of Health, Education, and Welfare such of his powers and duties under this chapter, except the making of regulations, as he may deem necessary or expedient. (b) Detail of Public Health Service personnel to air pollution control agencies; payment of salaries and allowances. Upon the request of an air pollution control agency, personnel of the Public Health Service may be detailed to such agency for the purpose of carrying out the provisions of this chapter. The provisions of section 215(d) of this title shall be applicable with respect to any personnel so detailed to the same extent as if such personnel had been detailed under section 215 (b) of this title. (c) Payments under grants: installments; advances or reimbursement. Payments under grants made under this chapter may be made in installments, and in advance or by way of reimbursement, as may be determined by the Secretary. (July 14, 1955, ch. 360, § 8, as added Dec. 17, 1963, Pub. L. 88–206, § 1, 77 Stat. 400.) CODIFICATION A prior section 1857g, act July 14, 1955, ch. 360, § 8, as added Sept. 22, 1959, Pub. L. 86-365, § 2, 73 Stat. 646, prior to the general amendment of this chapter by Pub. L. 88-206, provided for cooperative effort. See section 1857f (a) of this title. § 1857h. Definitions. When used in this chapter (a) The term "Secretary" means the Secretary of Health, Education, and Welfare. (b) The term "air pollution control agency" means any of the following: (1) A single State agency designated by the Governor of that State as the official State air pollution control agency for purposes of this chapter; (2) An agency established by two or more States and having substantial powers or duties pertaining to the prevention and control of air pollution; (3) A city, county, or other local government health authority, or, in the case of any city, county, or other local government in which there is an agency other than the health authority charged with responsibility for enforcing ordinances or laws relating to the prevention and control of air pollution, such other agency; or (4) An agency of two or more municipalities located in the same State or in different States and having substantial powers or duties pertaining to the prevention and control of air pollution. (c) The term "interstate air pollution control agency" means (1) an air pollution control agency established by two or more States, or (2) an air pollution control agency of two or more municipalities located in different States. (d) The term "State" means a State, the District of Columbia, the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico, the Virgin Islands, Guam, and American Samoa. (e) The term "person" includes an individual, corporation, partnership, association, State, municipality, and political subdivision of a State. (f) The term "municipality" means a city, town, borough, county, parish, district, or other public body created by or pursuant to State law. (g) All language referring to adverse effects on welfare shall include but not be limited to injury to agricultural crops and livestock, damage to and the deterioration of property, and hazards to transportation. (July 14, 1955, ch. 360, § 9, as added Dec. 17, 1963, Pub. L. 88-206, § 1, 77 Stat. 400.) PRIOR PROVISIONS Provisions similar to subsecs. (b) and (d) of this section were contained in former section 1857e, act July 14, 1955, ch. 360, § 6, 69 Stat. 323, prior to the general amendment of this chapter by Pub. L. 88-206. § 1857i. Application to other laws; nonduplication of appropriations. (a) Except as provided in subsection (b) of this section, this chapter shall not be construed as superseding or limiting the authorities and responsibilities, under any other provision of law, of the Secretary or any other Federal officer, department, or agency. (b) No appropriation shall be authorized or made under section 241, 243, or 246 (c) of this title for any fiscal year after the fiscal year ending June 30, 1964, for any purpose for which appropriations may be made under authority of this chapter. (July 14, 1955, ch. 360, § 10, as added Dec. 17, 1963, Pub. L. 88-206, § 1, 77 Stat. 401.) PRIOR PROVISIONS Provisions similar to those contained in subsec. (a) of this section were contained in former section 18571, act July 14, 1955, ch. 360, § 7, 69 Stat. 323, prior to the general amendment of this chapter by Pub. L. 88–206. § 1857j. Records and audit. (a) Each recipient of assistance under this chapter shall keep such records as the Secretary shall prescribe, including records which fully disclose the amount and disposition by such recipient of the proceeds of such assistance, the total cost of the project or undertaking in connection with which such assistance is given or used, and the amount of that portion of the cost of the project or undertaking supplied by other sources, and such other records as will facilitate an effective audit. (b) The Secretary of Health, Education, and Welfare and the Comptroller General of the United States, or any of their duly authorized representatives, shall have access for the purpose of audit and examinations to any books, documents, papers, and records of the recipients that are pertinent to the grants received under this chapter. (July 14, 1955, ch. 360, § 11, as added Dec. 17, 1963, Pub. L. 88-206, § 1, 77 Stat. 401.) § 1857k. Separability of provisions. If any provision of this chapter, or the application of any provision of this chapter to any person or circumstance, is held invalid, the application of such provision to other persons or circumstances, and the remainder of this chapter, shall not be affected thereby. (July 14, 1955, ch. 360, § 12, as added Dec. 17, 1963, Pub. L. 88-206, § 1, 77 Stat. 401.) § 18572. Appropriations. (a) There is hereby authorized to be appropriated to carry out section 1857c of this title for the fiscal 7ear ending June 30, 1964, not to exceed $5,000,000. (b) There is hereby authorized to be appropriated to carry out this chapter not to exceed $25,000,000 for the fiscal year ending June 30, 1965, not to exceed $30,000,000 for the fiscal year ending June 30, 1966, and not to exceed $35,000,000 for the fiscal year ending June 30, 1967. (July 14, 1955, ch. 360, § 13, as added Dec. 17, 1963, Pub. L. 88-206, § 1, 77 Stat. 401.) PRIOR PROVISIONS Provisions similar to this section were contained in former section 1857d, act July 14, 1955, ch. 360, § 5, 69 Stat. 322, as amended Sept. 22, 1959, Pub. L. 86-365, § 1, 73 Stat. 646; Oct. 9, 1962, Pub. L. 87-761, § 1, 76 Stat. 760, prior to the general amendment of this chapter by Pub. L. 88-206. Chapter 16.-NATIONAL SCIENCE FOUNDATION Sec. 1861. Establishment; composition. 1862. Functions; reports. 1863. National Science Board. (a) Composition; appointment; qualifications. (b) Term of office. (c) Executed. (d) Meetings. (e) Election of Chairman and Vice Chairman; term; vacancy. 1864. Director of Foundation; appointment; tenure; powers and duties. 1865. Power of Board to create committees. (a) Executive Committee; assignment of powers and functions; exception. (b) Executive Committee; composition; term of office; eligibility for renomination; representation of diverse interests; reports. (c) Additional committees. 1866. Divisions within Foundation. 1867. Divisional committees; composition; term of office; chairmen; rules; duties; recommendations. 1868. Special commissions; composition; chairman and vice chairman; duties. 1869. Scholarships and graduate fellowships. 1870. General authority of Foundation. Sec. 1873. Employment of personnel. (a) Appointment and compensation. (b) Deputy Director; appointment; duties. (c) Operation of laboratories and pilot plants. (d) Compensation of members of Board and divisional committees. (e) Federal officers as members of divisional committees and special commissions. (1) Exemption from provisions of sections 281, 283, or 284 of Title 18 and section 99 of Title 5. (g) Utilization of appropriations in making contracts. (h) Transfer of research funds of other Government departments or agencies. (1) Transfer of National Roster of Scientific and Specialized Personnel. 1874. Security provisions. (a) Nuclear energy research and development. (b) Research relating to national defense. (c) Clearance of personnel by Civil Service Commission. (d) Oath and statement prerequisite to acceptance of scholarship or fellowship; ineligibility of Communist organization members; penalties. 1875. Appropriations. 1876. Science Information Service; functions. (a) Establishment; membership; elections and (c) Compensation and allowance for expenses. 1878. Functions relating to Science Information Service and Council. 1879. Appropriations for Science Information Service and Council. 1880. National Medal of Science. 1881. Same; award; number; citizenship; ceremonies. § 1861. Establishment; composition. There is established in the executive branch of the Government an independent agency to be known as the National Science Foundation (hereinafter referred to as the "Foundation"). The Foundation shall consist of a National Science Board (hereinafter referred to as the "Board") and a Director. (May 10, 1950, ch. 171, § 2, 64 Stat. 149.) SHORT TITLE Section 1 of act May 10, 1950, provided that act May 10, 1950, which is classified to this chapter, should be popularly known as the "National Science Foundation Act of 1950." REORGANIZATION PLAN No. 2 of 1962 Eff. June 8, 1962, 27 F.R. 5419, 76 Stat. 1253, as amended Aug. 14, 1964, Pub. L. 88-426, title III, § 305 (41), 78 Stat. 427 Prepared by the President and transmitted to the Senate and the House of Representatives in Congress assembled, March 29, 1962, pursuant to the provisions of the Reorganization Act of 1949, 63 Stat. 203, as amended [sections 133z to 133z-15 of Title 5]. CERTAIN SCIENCE AGENCIES AND FUNCTIONS PART I. OFFICE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY Section 1. Office of Science and Technology. There is hereby established in the Executive Office of the President the Office of Science and Technology, hereafter in this Part referred to as the Office. Sec. 2. Director and deputy. (a) There shall be at the head of the Office the Director of the Office of Science and Technology, hereafter in this Part referred to as the Director. The Director shall be appointed by the President by and with the advice and consent of the Senate. (b) There shall be in the Office a Deputy Director of the Office of Science and Technology, who shall be appointed by the President by and with the advice and consent of the Senate. The Deputy Director shall perform such functions as the Director may from time to time prescribe and shall act as Director during the absence or disability of the Director or in the event of vacancy in the office of Director. (c) No person shall while holding office as Director or Deputy Director engage in any other business, vocation, or employment. Sec. 3. Transfer and performance of functions. (a) There are hereby transferred from the National Science Foundation to the Director: (1) So much of the functions conferred upon the Foundation by the provisions of section 3(a)(1) of the National Science Foundation Act of 1950 (42 U.S.C. 1862(a)(1) [section 1862 (a)(1) of this title]) as will enable the Director to advise and assist the President in achieving coordinated Federal policies for the promotion of basic research and education in the sciences. (2) The functions conferred upon the Foundation by that part of section 3(a) (6) of the National Science Foundation Act of 1950 (42 U.S.C. 1862 (a) (6)) which reads as follows: "to evaluate scientific research programs undertaken by agencies of the Federal Government." (b) In carrying out the functions transferred by the provisions of section 3(a) of this reorganization plan, the Director shall assist the President as he may request with respect to the coordination of Federal scientific and technological functions and agencies. (c) The Director may from time to time make such provisions as he deems appropriate authorizing the performance of any of his functions by any other officer, or by any employee or agency, of the Office. Sec. 4. Personnel. The Director may appoint employees necessary for the work of the Office under the classified civil service and fix their compensation in accordance with the classification laws. PART II. NATIONAL SCIENCE FOUNDATION Sec. 21. Executive Committee. (a) There is hereby established the Executive Committee of the National Science Board, hereafter in this Part referred to as the Executive Committee, which shall be composed of five voting members. Four of the members shall be elected as hereinafter provided. The Director provided for in section 22 of this reorganization plan, ex officio, shall be the fifth member and the chairman of the Executive Committee. (b) At its annual meeting held in 1964 and at each of its succeeding annual meetings the National Science Board, hereafter in this Part referred to as the Board, shall elect two of its members as members of the Executive Committee, and the Executive Committee members so elected shall hold office for two years from the date of their election. Any person who has been a member of the Executive Committee (established by this reorganization plan) for six consecutive years shall thereafter be ineligible for service as a member thereof during the twoyear period following the expiration of such sixth year. For the purposes of this subsection, the period between any two consecutive annual meetings of the Board shall be deemed to be one year. (c) At is first meeting held after the effective date of this section the Board shall elect four of its members as members of the Executive Committee. As designated by the Board, two of the Executive Committee members so elected shall hold office as such members until the date of the annual meeting of the Board held in 1964 and the other two members so elected shall hold such office until the annual meeting of the Board held in 1965. (d) Any person elected as a member of the Executive Committee to fill a vacancy occuring prior to the expiration of the term for which his predecessor was elected shall be elected for the remainder of such term. (e) The functions conferred upon the Executive Committee now existing under the provisions of the National Science Foundation Act of 1950 [this chapter], by the provisions of section 6 of the National Science Foundation Act of 1950 (42 U.S.C. 1865) or otherwise, are hereby transferred to the Executive Committee established by the provisions of this Part; and the authority of the National Science Board to assign its powers and functions to the now-existing Executive Commitee, and statutory limitations upon such assignment, shall hereafter be applicable to the Executive Commitee established by the provisions of this Part. Sec. 22. Director. (a) There is hereby established in the National Science Foundation a new office with the title of Director of the National Science Foundation. The Director of the National Science Foundation, hereafter in this Part referred to as the Director, shall be appointed by the President by and with the advice and consent of the Senate. Before any person is appointed as Director the President shall afford the Board an opportunity to make recommendations to him with respect to such appointment. The Director shall serve for a term of six years unless sooner removed by the President. The Director shall not engage in any business, vocation or employment other than that of serving as such Director, nor shall he, except with the approval of the Board, hold any office in, or act in any capacity for, any organization, agency, or institution with which the Foundation makes any contract or other arrangement under the National Science Foundation Act of 1950 [this chapter]. (b) Except to the extent inconsistent with the provisions of section 23 (b) (2) of this reorganization plan, all functions of the office of Director of the National Science Foundation abolished by the provisions of 23(a) (2) hereof are hereby transferred to the office of Director established by the provisions of subsection (a) of this section. (c) The Director, ex officio, shall be an additional member of the Board and, except in respect of compensation and tenure, shall be coordinate with other members of the Board. He shall be a voting member of the Board and shall be eligible for election by the Board as chairman or vice chairman of the Board. Sec. 23. Abolitions. (a) The following agencies, now existing under the National Science Foundation Act of 1950 [this chapter], are hereby abolished: (1) The Executive Committee of the National Science Board (section 6 of Act; 42 U.S.C. 1865 [section 1865 of this title]). (2) The office of Director of the National Science Foundation (sections 2 and 5 of Act; 42 U.S.C. 1861, 1864). (b) There are also hereby abolished: (1) The functions conferred upon the National Science Board by that part of section 6(a) of the National Science Foundation Act of 1950 (42 U.S.C. 1865 (a)) which reads "The Board is authorized to appoint from among its members an Executive Committee”. (2) The functions of the Director of the National Science Foundation provided for in sections 4(a) and 5(a) of the National Science Foundation Act of 1950 (42 U.S.C. 1863 (a), 1864 (a) with respect to serving as a nonvoting member of the Board and his functions with respect to serving as a nonvoting member of the Executive Committee provided for in section 6(b) of that Act (42 U.S.C. 1865 (b)). (3) So much of the functions conferred upon divisional committees by the provisions of section 8(d) of the National Science Foundation Act of 1950 (42 U.S.C. 1867 (d)) as consists of making recommendations to, and advising and consulting with, the Board. (c) The provisions of sections 23(a) (1) and 23(b)(1) hereof shall become effective on the date of the first meeting of the Board held after the effective date of the other provisions of this reorganization plan. PART III. TRANSITIONAL PROVISIONS Sec. 31. Incidental transfers. (a) So much of the personnel, property, records, and unexpended balances of appropriations, allocations, and other funds employed, held, used, available, or to be made available, in connection with the functions transferred by the provisions of section 3 of this reorganization plan as the Director of the Bureau of the Budget shall determine shall be transferred to the Office of Science and Technology at such time or times as the said Director shall direct. (b) Such further measures and dispositions as the Director of the Bureau of the Budget shall deem to be necessary in order to effectuate the transfers provided for in subsection (a) of this section shall be carried out in such manner as he shall direct and by such agencies as he shall designate. Sec. 32. Interim officers. (a) The President may authorize any person who immediately prior to the effective date of Part I of the reorganization plan holds a position in the Executive Office of the President to act as Director of the Office of Science and Technology until the office of Director is for the first time filled pursuant to the provisions of this reorganization plan or by recess appointment, as the case may be. (b) The President may authorize any person who immediately prior to the effective date of section 22 of this reorganization plan holds any office existing under the provisions of the National Science Foundation Act of 1950 [this chapter] to act as Director of the National Science Foundation until the Office of Director is for the first time filled pursuant to the provisions of this reorganization plan or by recess appointment, as the case may be. (c) The President may authorize any person who serves in an acting capacity under the foregoing provisions of this section to receive the compensation attached to the office in respect of which he so serves. Such compensation, if authorized, shall be in lieu of, but not in addition to, other compensation from the United States to which such person may be entitled. § 1862. Functions; reports. (a) The Foundation is authorized and directed(1) to develop and encourage the pursuit of a national policy for the promotion of basic research and education in the sciences; (2) to initiate and support basic scientific research and programs to strengthen scientific research potential in the mathematical, physical, medical, biological, engineering, and other sciences, by making contracts or other arrangements (including grants, loans, and other forms of assistance) to support such scientific activities and to appraise the impact of research upon industrial development and upon the general welfare; (3) at the request of the Secretary of Defense, to initiate and support specific scientific research activities in connection with matters relating to the national defense by making contracts or other arrangements (including grants, loans, and other forms of assistance) for the conduct of such scientific research; (4) to award, as provided in section 1869 of this title, scholarships and graduate fellowships in the mathematical, physical, medical, biological, engineering, and other sciences; (5) to foster the interchange of scientific information among scientists in the United States and foreign countries; (6) to evaluate scientific research programs undertaken by agencies of the Federal Government, and to correlate the Foundation's scientific research programs with those undertaken by individuals and by public and private research groups; (7) to establish such special commissions as the Board may from time to time deem necessary for the purposes of this chapter; (8) to maintain a register of scientific and technical personnel and in other ways provide a central clearinghouse for information covering all scientific and technical personnel in the United States, including its Territories and possessions; (9) to initiate and support a program of study, research, and evaluation in the field of weather modification, giving particular attention to areas that have experienced floods, drought, hail, lightning, fog, tornadoes, hurricanes, or other weather phenomena, and to report annually to the President and the Congress thereon. (b) In exercising the authority and discharging the functions referred to in subsection (a) of this section, it shall be one of the objectives of the Foundation to strengthen basic research and education in the sciences, including independent research by individuals, throughout the United States, including its Territories and possessions, and to avoid undue concentration of such research and education. (c) The Foundation shall render an annual report to the President for submission on or before the 15th day of January of each year to the Congress, summarizing the activities of the Foundation and making such recommendations as it may deem appropriate. Such report shall include (1) minority views and recommendations if any, of members of the Board, and (2) information as to the acquisition and disposition by the Foundation of any patents and patent rights. (May 10, 1950, ch. 171, § 3, 64 Stat. 149; July 11, 1958, Pub. L. 85-510, § 1, 72 Stat. 353; Sept. 8, 1959, Pub. L. 86–232, § 1, 73 Stat. 467.) AMENDMENTS 1959 Subsec. (a)(2). Pub. L. 86-232 clarified the Foundation's authority to support programs to strengthen scientific research potential. 1958-Subsec. (a) (9). Pub. L. 85-510 added subsec. (a) (9). TRANSFER OF FUNCTIONS Transfer of those functions under subsection (a)(1) of this section from the Foundation to the Director of the Office of Science and Technology as will enable him to advise and assist the President in achieving coordinated Federal policies for the promotion of basic research and education in the sciences, see section 3(a)(1) of 1962 Reorg. Plan No. 2, eff. June 8, 1962, 27 F.R. 5419, 76 Stat. 1253, set out as a note under section 1861 of this title. Functions under subsection (a) (6) of this section relating to evaluation of scientific research programs undertaken by agencies of the Federal Government transferred to the Director of the Office of Science and Technology by section 3(a)(2) of 1962 Reorg. Plan No. 2, set out as a note under section 1861 of this title. EMERGENCY PREPAREDNESS FUNCTIONS Ex. Ord. No. 11095, Feb. 26, 1963, 28 F.R. 1859, directed the Director of the National Science Foundation to prepare national emergency plans and develop preparedness programs covering functions assigned to him by the Executive Order, designed to develop a state of readiness with respect to all conditions of national emergency, including attack upon the United States. INVESTIGATION OF NEED FOR GEOPHYSICAL INSTITUTE IN TERRITORY OF HAWAII Joint Res. Aug. 1, 1956, ch. 865, 70 Stat. 922, directed the National Science Foundation to conduct an investigation into the need for and the feasibility and usefulness of a geophysical institute located in the Territory of Hawaii. The Foundation was required to report the results of its investigations, together with its recommendations based thereon, to the Congress not later than 9 months after Aug. 1, 1956. Ex. ORD. NO. 10521. ADMINISTRATION OF SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH Ex. Ord. No. 10521, Mar. 17, 1954, 19 F.R. 1499, as amended by Ex. Ord. No. 10807, § 6(b), Mar. 13, 1959, 24 F.R. 1899, provided: SECTION 1. The National Science Foundation (hereinafter referred to as the Foundation) shall from time to time recommend to the President policies for the promotion and support of basic research and education in the sciences, including policies with respect to furnishing guidance toward defining the responsibilities of the Federal Government in the conduct and support of basic scientific research. Sec. 2. The Foundation shall continue to make comprehensive studies and recommendations regarding the Nation's scientific research effort and its resources for scientific activities, including facilities and scientific personnel, and its foreseeable scientific needs, with particular attention to the extent of the Federal Government's activities and the resulting effects upon trained scientific personnel. In making such studies, the Foundation shall make full use of existing sources of information and research facilities within the Federal Government. Sec. 3. The Foundation, in concert with each Federal agency concerned, shall review the basic scientific research programs and activities of the Federal Government in order, among other purposes, to formulate methods for strengthening the administration of such programs and activities by the responsible agencies, and to study areas of basic research where gaps or undesirable overlapping of support may exist, and shall recommend to the heads of agencies concerning the support given to basic research. Sec. 4. As now or hereafter authorized or permitted by law, the Foundation shall be increasingly responsible for providing support by the Federal Government for generalpurpose basic research through contracts and grants. The conduct and support by other Federal agencies of basic research in areas which are closely related to their missions is recognized as important and desirable, especially in response to current national needs, and shall continue. Sec. 5. The Foundation, in consultation with educational institutions, the heads of Federal agencies, and the Commissioner of Education of the Department of Health, Education, and Welfare, shall study the effects upon educational institutions of Federal policies and administration of contracts and grants for scientific research and development, and shall recommend policies and procedures which will promote the attainment of general national research objectives and realization of the research needs of Federal agencies while safeguarding the strength and independence of the Nation's institutions of learning. Sec. 6. The head of each Federal agency engaged in scientific research shall make certain that effective executive, organizational, and fiscal practices exist to ensure (a) that the Foundation is consulted on policies concerning the support of basic research, (b) that approved scientific research programs conducted by the agency are reviewed continuously in order to preserve priorities in research efforts and to adjust programs to meet changing conditions without imposing unnecessary added burdens on budgetary and other resources, (c) that applied research and development shall be undertaken with suffcient consideration of the underlying basic research and such other factors as relative urgency, project costs, and availability of manpower and facilities, and (d) that, subject to considerations of security and applicable law, adequate dissemination shall be made within the Federal Government of reports on the nature and progress of research projects as an aid to the efficiency and economy of the overall Federal scientific research program. Sec. 7. Federal agencies supporting or engaging in scientific research shall, with the assistance of the Foundation, cooperate in an effort to improve the methods of classification and reporting of scientific research projects and activities, subject to the requirements of security of information. Sec. 8. To facilitate the efficient use of scientific research equipment and facilities held by Federal agencies: (a) the head of each such agency engaged in scientific research shall, to the extent practicable, encourage and facilitate the sharing with other Federal agencies of major equipment and facilities; and (b) a Federal agency shall procure new major equipment or facilities for scientific research purposes only after taking suitable steps to ascertain that the need cannot be met adequately from existing inventories or facilities of its own or of other agencies; and (c) the Interdepartmental Committee on Scientific Research and Development shall take necessary steps to ensure that each Federal agency engaged directly in scientific research is kept informed of selected major equipment and facilities which could serve the needs of more than one agency. Each Federal agency possessing such equipment and facilities shall maintain appropriate records to assist other agencies in arranging for their joint use or exchange. Sec. 9. The heads of the respective Federal agencies shall make such reports concerning activities within the purview of this order as may be required by the President. SEC. 10. The National Science Foundation shall provide leadership in the effective coordination of the scientific information activities of the Federal Government with a view to improving the availability and dissemination of scientific information. Federal agencies shall cooperate with and assist the National Science Foundation in the performance of this function, to the extent permitted by law. Ex. ORD. No. 10807. FEDERAL COUNCIL FOR SCIENCE AND Ex. Ord. No. 10807, Mar. 13, 1959, 24 F.R. 1897, provided: SECTION 1. Establishment of Council. (a) There is hereby established the Federal Council for Science and Technology (hereinafter referred to as the Council). (b) The Council shall be composed of the followingdesignated members: (1) the Special Assistant to the President for Science and Technology, (2) one representative of each of the following-named departments, who shall be designated by the Secretary of the Department concerned and shall be an official of the Department of policy rank: the Departments of Defense, the Interior, Agriculture, Commerce, and Health, Education, and Welfare, (3) the Director of the National Science Foundation, (4) the Administrator of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration, and (5) a representative of the Atomic Energy Commission, who shall be the Chairman of the Commission or another member of the Commission designated by the Chairman. A representative of the Secretary of State designated by the Secretary and a representative of the Director of the Bureau of the Budget designated by the Director may attend meetings of the Council as observers. (c) The Chairman of the Council (hereinafter referred to as the Chairman) shall be designated by the President from time to time from among the members thereof. The Chairman may make provision for another member of the Council, with the consent of such member, to act temporarily as Chairman. (d) The Chairman (1) may request the head of any Federal agency not named in section 2(b) of this order to designate a representative to participate in meetings or parts of meetings of the Council concerned with matters of substantial interest to the agency, and (2) may invite other persons to attend meetings of the Council. (e) The Council shall meet at the call of the Chair man. SEC. 2. Functions of Council. (a) The Council shall consider problems and developments in the fields of science and technology and related activities affecting more than one Federal agency or concerning the over-all advancement of the Nation's science and technology, and shall recommend policies and other measures (1) to provide more effective planning and administration of Federal scientific and technological programs, (2) to identify research needs including areas of research requiring additional emphasis, (3) to achieve more effective utilization of the scientific and technological resources and facilities of Federal agencies, including the elimination of unnecessary duplication, and (4) to further international cooperation in science and technology. In developing such policies and measures the Council, after consulting, when considered appropriate by the Chairman, the National Academy of Sciences, the President's Science Advisory Committee, and other organizations, shall consider (1) the effects of Federal research and development policies and programs on non-Federal programs and institutions, (11) long-range program plans designed to meet the scientific and technological needs of the Federal Government, including manpower and capital requirements, and (ii) the effects of non-Federal pro |