KEAM S39 19756 COMMITTEE ON SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY OLIN E. TEAGUE, Texas, Chairman KEN HECHLER, West Virginia JAMES W. SYMINGTON, Missouri JIM LLOYD, California JEROME A. AMBRO, New York CHRISTOPHER J. DODD, Connecticut MICHAEL T. BLOUIN, Iowa TIM L. HALL, Illinois ROBERT (BOB) KRUEGER, Texas JAMES J. BLANCHARD, Michigan CHARLES A. MOSHER, Ohio JOHN W. WYDLER, New York BARRY M. GOLDWATER, JR., California JOHN B. CONLAN, Arizona LARRY PRESSLER, South Dakota JOHN L. SWIGERT, Jr., Executive Director CARL SWARTZ, Minority Counsel (II) CONTENTS WITNESSES June 10, 1975: Dr. H. Guyford Stever, Science Adviser to the President and Director, N. Bruce Hannay, vice president, research and patents, Bell Labora- June 11, 1975: Congressman Mike McCormack, from the State of Washington............. Hon. Elmer B. Staats, Comptroller General of the United States. Dr. Edward E. David, vice president for research, development and Dr. John C. Calhoun, National Association of State Universities and June 19, 1975: Dr. Nathan T. Wolkomir, president, National Federation of Federal Dr. Arthur M. Bueche, vice president, research and development, June 23, 1975: Page 49 119 129 175 229 370 386 394 419 426 473 490 Dr. Lewis M. Branscomb, vice president and chief scientist, IBM 523 Dr. Bowen C. Dees, president, the Franklin Institute. 558 595 Dr. Eugene B. Skolnikoff, director, Center for International Studies, 617 APPENDIX I STATEMENTS FOR THE RECORD Federation of American Scientists. A. Michael Noll, past assistant to the Director of the Office of Science and American Society for Public Administration. - 625 641 646 685 Drs. Richard Trumbull and Robert W. Krauss, for the American Institute of Biological Sciences-- 687 Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc....... Page 712 716 721 731 739 743 APPENDIX II ADDITIONAL MATERIAL FOR THE RECORD Edward J. Burger, Jr., M.D., Sc.D., Office of the President's Science 753 775 Niels Reimers, Office of Technology Licensing, Stanford University. 790 809 William L. Gore, vice president, Government and Industry Liaison.. 810 812 Charles Schwartz, professor of physics, University of California, Berkeley, "Public Interest Science: A Critique". 816 American Society for Public Administration "An Analysis of the White 829 Marian Boner, president, American Association of Law Libraries- 843 845 Alan C. Nixon, past president, American Chemical Society. 847 John D. Alden, executive secretary, Engineering Manpower Commission. Arthur P. Stern, president, Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc.... 851 853 Association for Cooperation in Engineering 855 Chien-Shiung Wu, president, the American Physical Society. 857 K. E. Coulter, president, American Institute of Chemical Engineers. 860 APPENDIX III Handbook for committee members, hearings on H.R. 4461.. 865 APPENDIX IV Survey of the members of the National Academy of Engineering and National Academy of Science in relation to the Committee's hearings on "Federal Policy, Plans, and Organization for Science and Technology". THE NATIONAL SCIENCE POLICY AND ORGANIZATION ACT OF 1975 TUESDAY, JUNE 10, 1975 HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES, COMMITTEE ON SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY, Washington, D.C. The committee met, pursuant to notice, at 10:45 a.m. in room 2318, Rayburn House Office Building, Hon. Olin E. Teague (chairman) presiding. The CHAIRMAN. The committee will come to order. The Chair will first recognize the gentleman from California, Mr. Brown. Mr. BROWN. Thank you, Mr. Chairman. I would like to ask the committee to approve the clean version of the bill authorizing the EPA-ORD budget for next year. I think most everyone will recall we acted to approve this legislation at a prior meeting in order to be reintroduced as a clean bill. The clean bill is before us. It has two minor arithmetical errors, and I would like to move that the clean bill be approved by the committee with the two errors corrected by the staff. The CHAIRMAN. Is there a second to the motion of the gentleman from California? Mr. McCORMACK. Second. The CHAIRMAN. The motion has been made to second. Those in favor let it be known by saying aye; opposed, no. The ayes have it, and the bill is reported. This morning we begin hearings on H.R. 4461-the National Science Policy and Organization Act of 1975-which I introduced on March 6 with the cosponsorship of our ranking minority member, Mr. Mosher. We will also invite views and comment on the administration bill, H.R. 7830, just sent to Congress, which deals exclusively with the issue of science advice in the White House. I have a more comprehensive statement which, together with the text of H.R. 4461, without objection, I would like to place in the record at this point. [Mr. Teague's statement and H.R. 4461 follow:] REMARKS OF THE HON. OLIN E. TEAGUE By way of translating the need for this inquiry into action, the Committee designed its proposed investigation into three major segments. THE INITIAL PHASE The first part was devoted primarily to eliciting information on the background and status of the contemporary Federal posture on science and technology. The purpose was to derive an accurate view of just what the policy and planning situation is-with regard to goals, programs, and organization. The Committee reviewed appropriate historical and background material. So far as possible it tried to ascertain what plans were and are contemplated for carrying out the objectives asserted by President Nixon in both his Science and Technology Message of 1972 and his Reorganization Plan No. 1 of 1973. That reorganization plan eliminated the Office of Science and Technology from within the Executive Office of the President and transferred its functions to the Director of the National Science Foundation. This action was done statutorily and became effective on July 1, 1973. The President also did away with the Office of Science Adviser to the President (at least in its traditional Special Assistant sense) and with the President's Science Advisory Committee with the remnant functions of these offices (the military excepted) likewise transferred to the Director of the Foundation. The inter-agency Federal Council for Science and Technology, consisting of representatives of all the science-oriented agencies and which has always been chaired by the President's Science Adviser, is also chaired by the Director of the Foundation. Among other reasons, the first set of hearings in July, 1973, was held partly in response to the need for studying the effect of the reorganization plan and partly because of this Committee's oversight responsibility of both the National Science Foundation and science and technology generally. At that time I took special notice of the apparent fall-off of Federal support for science and technology as follows: "Dollarwise, the peak Federal effort in supporting scientific research and development which took place in the mid-sixties has been diminishing. Where the Federal government put 12.6 percent of its budget into research and development in 1965, it is today putting an estimated 6.4 percent of its budget to this use. And while Federal obligations for research and development have increased an estimated 9 percent since 1965, the inflation factor has increased from 35 to 39 percent, depending upon what index is used. "I think the implications of these facts are clear. Government attitude toward and support of science and technology is not what it was a few years ago. Without presently attempting to define this trend as right or wrong, it is incumbent upon this committee to try to find out what is happening and why." The hearings which were held at that time included most officials who were in charge of the overall Federal science effort. Following the hearings and subsequent to review of them by the staff, the Committee requested a critique of the information and plans disclosed by the hearings from three different organizations: (1) The Committee on Science and Public Policy of the American Association for the Advancement of Science. (2) The Federal Science and Technology Committee of the Industrial Research Institute. (3) The Science Policy Research Division of the Congressional Research Service, Library of Congress. The work of these groups in response to the request was completed, and the three reports carried in full in the Committee's Interim Report in 1974. Each described a variety of issues and problems which the respective groups felt should be explored. SECOND PHASE Following the completion and issuance of the Committee's Interim Report on Federal Policy, Plans and Organization for Science and Technology (House Rept. 93-1184) which identified a broad range of issues which needed further probing, the Committee undertook its second series of hearings. These were held throughout June and July of 1974 and were devoted exclusively to the views of non-government authorities in the field of science policy and its interface with and between government, the academic world, industry and foreign affairs. Twenty-six witnesses appeared before the Committee, including all 6 of the former Presidential Science Advisers. In addition, the Committee received a variety of related papers and commentaries on the subject, plus a special comparative study requested of the National Science Foundation on science advisory approaches used among the so-called developed nations. |