1 It is assumed that the State allocation will be at the same level of funding as the previous 2 years.

2 10 percent of total plus $20,359.

3 Elementary guide, 40 percent of total. 4 Estimated.

Requested.

Dr. DONOVAN. I would like now to introduce Dr. Paul W. Briggs, superintendent of schools of Cleveland, Ohio.

Mr. LAIRD. Mr. Minshall has told me Dr. Briggs would be appearing here and he is very much interested in his testimony.

STATEMENT OF DR. PAUL W. BRIGGS

Dr. BRIGGS. I will be very brief. I have been superintendent in Cleveland for 21⁄2 years. It is a city with real troubles. I do not know what we would have done in the last few years without the help of the Federal Government.

Mr. FLOOD. Have you pointed this out to Mr. Minshall?

Dr. BRIGGS. Yes.

First, we have the problem of burgeoning school enrollment. In the period since 1950, the Cleveland schools enrollment increased by 56,000 children while the city of Cleveland lost 140,000 residents. Today for every resident that we lose we have a net gain of one student in public schools.

Second, there is an overburdened local tax base in Cleveland. In our large old urban center the need for expensive municipal services greatly reduced the proportion of the tax dollar available for education. In Cleveland only 44 percent of the tax dollar is available for education as compared with 68 percent across the State of Ohio, and 72 percent in the rural and suburban school districts. And Cleveland's total tax rate is among the highest in the State of Ohio.

Third, there is an alarming dropout rate in Cleveland. Over 3,000 young people drop out of high school annually. At the present rate, 47 out of every 100 children entering the ninth grade will not graduate from high school in the city of Cleveland.

There is an increasing poverty in our schools. In 89 Cleveland schools, at least 10 percent of the children are from families at or below the poverty level. There are now 30,000 ADC children in the Cleveland schools and this has increased 412 percent in 10 years. We have two large schools where over 85 percent of the children come from ADC families.

Mr. FLOOD. By ADC you mean?

Dr. BRIGGS. Aid to dependent children. There is a crippling illiteracy in Cleveland. There are more than 50,000 adults in the city of Cleveland who are functionally illiterate; 45 percent of the residents of Cleveland over 21 years of age have not gone beyond the eighth grade.

Then there is the matter of massive unemployment. The greatest single concentration of unemployment in the United States is in an inner city area of Cleveland.

Mr. FLOOD. What is the percentage?

Dr. BRIGGS. It exceeds 15 percent while the citywide average is 2 percent.

Mr. FLOOD. What is the national average?

Dr. BRIGGS. Three to four percent. We established in Cleveland last year a high school for adults. More than 1,600 adults enrolled, including one who is 77 years of age. This school was funded until December 31, 1966, through the Economic Opportunity Act. When that was transferred to title I it was not funded under title I and today it is

operating with contributions from industry until we can find some other way of funding it, but the people of Cleveland do not want to turn these adults out on the street; 60 percent of them are on relief. Those who are completing their education are securing jobs. I think at least the adult education program should be funded.

Thank you very kindly.

Mr. FLOOD. Glad to have you on board. Send Mr. Minshall a copy of your statement.

Dr. BRIGGS. I shall do that.

(The following statement was submitted for the record:)

STATEMENT OF PAUL W. BRIGGS

Mr. Chairman and members of the committee; I am Paul W. Briggs, Superintendent of the Cleveland Public Schools. I appreciate very much the opportunity to appear before this committee.

May I express to the members of this committee and to your colleagues in the Congress the gratitude which we in Cleveland feel for the federal support of efforts to improve and expand educational opportunity.

In recent testimony before the Committee on Education and Labor (March 8, 1967) I indicated the endorsement of the Cleveland Public Schools for the principle of federal assistance to education as embodied in the Elementary and Secondary Education Act. P.L. 89-10). We in Cleveland are comfortable in this new federal, state and local partnership.

At that time I also discussed some of the benefits derived from federal education legislation and cited several federally supported school programs which have achieved outstanding success in Cleveland. These successes are encouraging and a new optimism prevails in Cleveland. I do not want to suggest, however, that all of Cleveland's problems have been solved.

Today I would like to focus on some of the depressing facts that we continue to face in Cleveland-and to suggest some needed action.

Facts

1. Burgeoning school enrollment. In the period since 1950, the Cleveland schools enrollment increased by 56,000 children, while the city of Cleveland lost 140,000 residents.

2. Over-burdened local tax base. In the large old, urban center, the need for expensive municipal services greatly reduces the proportion of the tax dollar available for education. In Cleveland only 44% of the tax dollar is available for education as compared with 68% across the state of Ohio, and 72% in the rural and suburban school districts. Cleveland's total tax rate is among the highest in the state.

3. Alarming dropout rate.-Over 3,000 young people drop out of high school annually. At the present rate, 47 out of every 100 children entering the 9th grade will not graduate from high school.

4. Increasing poverty.-In 89 Cleveland schools, at least 10% of the children are from families at or below the poverty level. There are now 30,000 of these children of despair in the Cleveland schools.

5. Crippling illiteracy.-There are more than 50,000 adults in Cleveland who are functionally illiterate. 45% of the residents of Cleveland over 21 have not gone beyond the eighth grade.

6. Massive unemployment.-The greatest single concentration of unemploy ment in the United States is in an inner city area of Cleveland (in excess of 15%). Moreover, 50% of the total unemployment is among youth between 18 and 26.

Action

While it is true that education alone cannot solve all the acute problems that beset Cleveland, none of them can be solved without education.

The people of Cleveland have demonstrated their faith in education by their overwhelming approval of the largest tax levy and building bond issue ever presented to them.

We need improvement in every area-in instructional techniques, in pupil personnel services, in follow-up services to our graduates, in projects to reclaim

the dropout, in adult education, in services to the handicapped, in the professional development of our fine staff, in increasing the quality and quantity of instructional materials, in expanded vocational education.

The Cleveland Public Schools must expand on-going programs and initiate new ones if we are to maintain the momentum generated by increased local interest and encouraged by federal support.

This will require the full and prompt funding of federally authorized education programs to provide for orderly planning and development.

I should like especially to urge that funds be appropriated immediately for adult education.

We have in Cleveland today a full time adult high school with more than 1,600 adults enrolled. This school was funded until December 31, 1966 through the Economic Opportunity Act. Since that time the school has been supported by money raised by Cleveland business and industrial leaders, in the hope and confidence that this Congress would provide funds in order to continue this vital service.

As we face the future, it is important not only to maintain the level of federal funding as currently authorized, but also to increase substantially the funds made available for education.

This must be done if we are to overcome the accumulated educational deficit and move education ahead to meet the demands of this space age.

Dr. DONOVAN. I should now like to introduce to you Dr. Ralph Dailard, superintendent of schools at San Diego, Calif.

STATEMENT OF DR. RALPH DAILARD

Dr. DAILARD. My name is Ralph Dailard, superintendent of the San Diego city schools.

I want to talk about a problem I do not think has received special emphasis this afternoon. We are concerned about Public Law 874 funds.

Mr. LAIRD. We have been contacted by Representatives Wilson and Van Deerlin. They are very anxious about this.

Dr. DAILARD. This is a part of our basic program. San Diego is a Navy town; 25 percent of the 675,000 people in San Diego are military connected; 25 percent of the parents of children live on or work on Federal property. Our entitlement for the current year is $45,000 larger than that of the city of New York. It is $5,545,000. We have drawn $53 million since the bill has been in effect, including this year. The reduction in this amount is a reduction across the board. The present Bureau of the Budget request before you of $416 million is $45 million to $50 million short of the estimates of need for next year. Mr. FLOOD. Dr. Donovan, under the amendment you will be close to $6 million?

Dr. DONOVAN. About $5.5 million.

Dr. DAILARD. There is a 10- to 15-percent differential for next year between the estimate and the budget and that will reduce our revenues $750,000. We have no revenues with which to cover that. That means a cut in programs across the board.

The pattern for this type of operation is already established this year. There is need for a $17 million supplemental appropriation to meet the entitlements under the act this year.

I have been superintendent of the San Diego city schools for 15 years and in the district 27 years and there has never been a significant deficit in this act. This pattern this year would be destructive of the programs in federally impacted districts all over the Nation. We urge that the budget item for Public Law 874 be increased by $50 million for fiscal year 1968.

One word about what has been said about title I of the Elementary and Secondary Education Act. Under terms of the authorization the entitlement of San Diego was $3.6 million. For fiscal year 1966 we received $2.6 million for the short term. We were told to budget on the basis of 85 percent of that for the current year. That was $2,411,280. Just 3 weeks ago Friday we received hard figures of what our entitlement for this year would be. It was $2,411,281, just one dollar more than the 85 percent.

We have made plans in this full year to use the whole amount. We can use in San Diego the full amount that is authorized in the bill, and let there be no mistake about it other districts are set up in the same way. We can use the full entitlement under the Elementary and Secondary Education Act.

We are particularly concerned about not the categorical aid at this moment, although we are concerned about it, but we are particularly concerned about the deficit for the first time that is appearing in Public Law 874. This is not categorical; this is part of the bread and butter program.

Mr. LAIRD. Last year the President's budget cut it down to almost nothing.

Mr. FLOOD. Of course this is so. However, it is not unknown in the House that this is a sacred cow. I am sure your plea is not parochial. It is very difficult and sometimes frustrating for many Members of this House on both sides of the aisle to see the barricade manned in behalf of this program, and then we see these troops disappear when fights appear on other parts of the bill. Check the voting records. It is very frustrating.

Dr. DAILARD. I have been in the two buildings up on the Hill most of the morning and I am glad to know Mr. Van Deerlin and Mr. Wilson are interested in this.

Mr. FLOOD. Thank you very much.

(The following statement was submitted for the record:)

STATEMENT OF RALPH DAILARD

Mr. Chairman and members of the committee, I am Ralph Dailard, superintendent of the San Diego, California public schools. I deeply appreciate this opportunity to appear before you and report firsthand on the problems in San Diego which are pertinent to the legislation you have now under consideration. The population of San Diego is now over 670,000-twice its 1950 population. It is built around one of the finest natural harbors in the world and is a "Navy town." The major military installations located in the city include the Eleventh Naval District Headquarters, Naval Hospital. Naval Training Center, Naval Supply Center, Miramar Naval Air Station, Naval Electronics Laboratory, and the Marine Corps Recruit Depot. Immediately adjacent to the city are the North Island Naval Air Station and the Naval Amphibious Base; the Camp Pendleton Marine base is a short distance away. A number of major fleet commands including the U.S. First Fleet, Naval Air Force Pacific Fleet, Amphibious Force Pacific Fleet. Cruiser-Destroyer Force Pacific Fleet, Training Command Pacific Fleet, and Submarine Flotilla One are located in San Diego. It is home port for a large number of fighting ships-many now on active duty in the Pacific.

Roughly 25% of the total population of the area is directly connected with the military. In addition, a number of industries such as General Dynamics-Convair, Rohr Corporation, Solar, and National Steel and Shipbuilding Company have major contracts for military equipment and materials.

The school district programs extend from the preschool level through junior college. The total current enrollment in all programs is almost 150,000. The parents of almost 25% of the regular day school students live on and/or work on Federally owned property-are "Federally connected" under the definitions of