remaining $700,000 will provide for additional staff in animal behavior studies relating to learning, problem solving, etc.; also studies of the metabolism of addicting drugs in man and field follow-up studies of former drug patients.

Manpower and Training.—The additional $50,000 will be used to support studies of mental health manpower needs.

Special Mental Health Programs.-The increase of 12 positions and $957,000 will provide for additional staff, data processing, and other contractual services in support of the centers on narcotic and drug abuse, alcoholism, crime and delinquency, suicide prevention, and mental health of children and youth.

Regional and Field Activities.-The increase of 38 positions and $2,944,000 provides 36 positions and $2,849,000 to carry out the Institute's responsibilities under the Narcotic Addict Rehabilitation Act, and 2 positions and $95,000 to strengthen staff functions of the overall regional and field program.

Fort Worth and Lexington Hospitals.-The decrease of $427,000 in this activity includes $353,000 for nonrecurring other objects costs related to the establishment of the programs under the Narcotic Addict Rehabilitation Act of 1966. Also included is a reduction of $74,000 for nonrecurring equipment costs in the on-going programs.

Scientific Communication and Public Education.-An increase of $1,000,000 will be utilized for the development of a scientific and public information program on narcotics and dangerous drugs.

Program Management and Services.-Two positions and $112,000 will provide staff and supporting funds in the grants and contracts management section.

Included in the overall change is an increase of $75,000 for annualization of positions new in 1967, offset by a decrease in the same amount in nonrecurring equipment, also a decrease of $35,000 for one less day of pay in 1968.

AUTHORIZING LEGISLATION FOR GRANTS

I. The following Sections of the Public Health Service Act authorize grants made under the subactivities "Research," "Hospital Improvement," "Training," and "Fellowships."

"SEC. 301. The language of this Section will be found under the tab "Preamble Paragraph" in Volume V.

"SEC. 302. (a) In carrying out the purposes of Section 301 with respect to narcotics, the studies and investigations shall include the use and misuse of narcotic drugs, the quantities of crude opium, coca leaves, and their salts, derivatives, and preparations, together with reserves thereof, necessary to supply the normal and emergency medicinal and scientific requirements of the United States. The results of studies and investigations of the quantities of crude opium, coca leaves, or other narcotic drugs, together with such reserves thereof, as are necessary to supply the normal and emergency medicinal and scientific require ments of the United States, shall be reported not later than the 1st day of September each year to the Secretary of the Treasury, to be used at his discretion in determining the amounts of crude opium and coca leaves to be imported under the Narcotic Drugs Import and Export Act, as amended.

"(b) The Surgeon General shall cooperate with States for the purpose of aiding them to solve their narcotic drug problems and shall give authorized representatives of the States the benefit of his experience in the care, treatment, and rehabilitation of narcotic addicts to the end that each State may be encouraged to provide adequate facilities and methods for the care and treatment of its narcotic addicts.

"SEC. 303. (a) In carrying out the purposes of section 301 with respect to mental health, the Surgeon General is authorized

"(1) to provide training and instruction and to establish and maintain traineeships, in accordance with the provisions of section 433 (a);

"(2) to make grants to State or local agencies, laboratories, and other public or nonprofit agencies and institutions, and to individuals for investigations, experiments, demonstrations, studies, and research projects with respect to the development of improved methods of diagnosing mental illness, and of care, treatment, and rehabilitation of the mentally ill, including grants to State agencies responsible for administration of State institutions for care, or care and treatment, of mentally ill persons for developing and establishing improved methods of operation and administration of such

institutions.

"(b) Grants under paragraph (2) of subsection (a) may be made only upon recommendation of the National Advisory Mental Health Council. Such grants

may be paid in advance or by way of reimbursement, as may be determined by the Surgeon General; and shall be made on such conditions as the Surgeon General finds necessary."

II. The following Section of the Narcotic Addict Rehabilitation Act of 1966 authorizes grants under the subactivity "Research":

"SEC. 402. (a) (1) to make grants to States and political subdivisions thereof and to private organizations and institutions (A) for the development of field testing and demonstration programs for the treatment of narcotic addiction, . .

Explanation of transfers

The objective of the research grant program of the National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH) is to provide support for research on the etiology, diagnosis, treatment, prevention and control of mental illness, and the promotion of mental health. The Institute is responsible, therefore, for the support of both clinical and basic research aimed either at the resolution of specific problems of mental and emotional illness or at the enlargement of knowledge regarding the parameters of human behavior-including its prediction and control, as well as for support of applied research aimed at applying newly discovered information and techniques. Reflected in the range of research grant activities is a recognition by the Institute that if we are to build a continuum of services to enhance the mental health of Americans, we must buttress the effort with a continuum of scientific endeavor-from basic, normative studies to community based evaluations of new approaches to the care of the severely disturbed.

The research grant program supports research projects in the following areas: behavioral sciences, clinical research, applied research, psychopharmacological research in narcotics and drug abuse, research in alcoholism, metropolitan mental health problems, and research in suicide prevention. This subactivity also includes a proportionate share of support for General Research Support grants which are administered by the Division of Research Facilities and Resources, National Institutes of Health.

Research grants are awarded on an individual project basis. Awards are made after review by non-government scientists organized into "study section" or review committees. Following study section review an application receives a second review, by the National Advisory Mental Health Council, a statutory group made up of mental health scientists and experts and interested citizens. Following its review the Council recommends to the Surgeon General either approval or disapproval of each grant. No grant may be awarded unless it has been recommended by the National Advisory Mental Health Council. The vari

ous research programs supported by grants are discussed under the appropriate subactivities of direct operations.

The purpose of the Hospital Improvement Project program is to provide support for demonstrations of improved methods of care, treatment, and rehabilitation of the mentally ill in state mental hospitals. Its objectives are to strengthen therapeutic services and improve the quality of patient care, and to increase the contributions that these institutions can make as an integral part of the comprehensive community mental health programs of the future. This program is discussed in greater detail under mental health services.

In 1967, 97 grants and $6,790,000 hospital improvement projects to institutions for the mentally retarded were transferred to the Community Health Services program of the Bureau of Health Services.

The primary objective of the Institute's training program is to increase the number of specialists in the mental health field. To meet this goal, a wide variety of training opportunities are provided for all levels of personnel engaged in mental health work; professional personnel in clinical service, research, training, and administration; sub-professional and technical personnel-including those receiving inservice training in institutions for the mentally ill; and general practitioners and other non-psychiatric specialists prepared to assume a more effective role in psychiatric treatment. Training is also provided in such special areas as alcoholism, suicide prevention, metropolitan mental health problems, drug abuse and narcotics, and support is provided for pilot projects to develop new and imaginative programs of training in mental health skills.

Training efforts are directed at providing-by 1970-over 87,000 trained mental health personnel in the four core mental health disciplines of pyschiatry, psychology, social work and nursing. The Institute's training program will provide crucial manpower support in behalf of the Nation's community mental health program. Other National programs, e.g., Medicare and Headstart, will increasingly utilize the skills of mental health personnel. The necessity of pursuing a well coordinated and productive training effort is, therefore, clear.

These programs are discussed in detail under the subactivity Manpower and training.

In 1967, 99 grants and $2,182,000 in inservice training grants to institutions for the mentally retarded were transferred to the Community Health Services program of the Bureau of Health Services.