1 Includes capital outlay as follows: 1966, $649,000; 1967, $1,163,000; 1968, $1,754,000. 2 Selected resources as of June 30, are as follows: Unpaid undelivered orders, 1965, $2,659,000 (1966, adjustment, -$38,000); 1966, $3,386,000; 1967, $3,386,000; 1968, $3,386,000. BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCH OF PRINCIPAL WITNESS Mr. FLOOD. We have now the National Institute of Mental Health. The Director is Dr. Stanley F. Yolles. We will place Dr. Yolles' biographical sketch in the record. Name: Dr. Stanley F. Yolles. Position: Director, National Institute of Mental Health. Education : 1939, A.B., Brooklyn College; 1940, A.M., Harvard University: 1950, M.D., New York University, Bellevue Medical Center; 1950-51, Intership, U.S. Public Health Service Hospital, Staten Island, New York; 1951-54, Resident in Psychiatry, U.S. Public Health Service Hospital, Lexington, Kentucky; 1957, M.P.H., Johns Hopkins University; 1959, Certified in Psychiatry by American Board of Psychiatry and Neurology. Experience: Dec. 18, 1964 to present, Director, National Institute of Mental Health;; Oct. 1964-Dec. 18, 1964, Acting Director, National Institute of Mental Health; Aug. 1963-Oct. 1, 1964, Deputy Director, National Institute of Mental Health; Aug. 1960-July 1963, Associate Director for Extramural Programs, NIMH; July 1957-July 1960, Associate Director and Director, Mental Health Study Center, Community Services Branch, NIMH; July 1957-July 1960, Associate Director and Director, Mental Health Study Center, Community Services Branch, NIMH; Jan. 1955-July 1957; Associate Director, Mental Health Study Center, Community Services Branch, NIMH; July 1954-Dec. 1954, Staff Psychiatrist, Mental Health Study Center, Community Services Branch, NIMH; July 1, 1950, Commissioned in Public Health Services; Nov. 1947–Jan. 1948, Guest Lecturer in Tropical Medicine, New York University College of Medicine; Nov. 1945-April 1946, Commanding Officer, Sector Epidemiological Laboratory. British West Indies; Jan. 1943-Nov. 1945, Associate Director, Sector Epidemiological Laboratory; Nov. 1942-Jan. 1943, Parasitologist, Sector Epidemiological Laboratory; July 1941-Nov. 1941, Parasitologist, U.S. Engineer Department, U.S. Army, British Guiana, South America; Oct. 1940-July 1941, Parasitologist, Army Medical School. Association memberships: American Association for Advancement of Science; American Medical Association; American Psychiatric Association-Fellow; Amer ican Psychopathological Association; American Public Health Association-Fellow; American Society of Parasitologists; American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygience; Group for the Advancement of Psychiatry; Maryland Public Health Association; New York Academy of Sciences; Pan American Medical Association; Washington Psychiatric Society; World Federation for Mental Health. Other professional Affiliations: August 1962, Chairman Public Health Service Interbureau Committee on Narcotic Drug Addiction; Sept. 1960, Executive Secretary, Mental Health Career Development Program in Psychiatry; 1964, American Medical Association, Mental Health Council, Liaison Officer; 1964, Interdepartmental Committee on Narcotics, Member; 1964, Veterans Administration, Advisory Committee, Psychiatry, Neurology, and Psychology Service, Member; 1965, Member, Board of Editors, Psychiatry Digest; 1965, Associate Clinical Professor of Psychiatry, George Washington University. Publications: Municipal Government and Community Mental Health, Public Management, April 1965; Community Appraisal of Mental Health Practices, American Journal of Public Health, December 1964; Local Government Role in Mental Health Programming, Public Management, April 1965; The Psychoanalyst and Community Psychiatry, Science and Psychoanalysis, Vol. 8, 1965; Community Mental Health: Issues and Policies, American Journal of Psychiatry, March 1966; The U.S. Community Mental Health Center Program, Compherensive Textbook of Psychiatry, 1966; The Government's Stake in Psychiatric Drug Research, Psychiatric Drugs, 1966; The Role of the Psychologist in Community Mental Health Centers: the National Institute of Mental Health View, American Psychology, January 1966. Mr. FLOOD. I notice you have two primary statements here. One is 18 pages and the other is 13 pages. Do you want to summarize them? I have found that with some people it takes longer to summarize them than to have them read. Do you fit in this category? Dr. YOLLES. If I may, I would like to summarize both of them, one after another, and with your permission present some charts on the overall program. Mr. FLOOD. Very well. MENTAL HEALTH RESEARCH AND SERVICES Dr. YOLLES. Mr. Chairman and members of the committee, the recent establishment of the National Institute of Mental Health as one of five bureaus of the Public Health Service reflects our long-term development of a total approach to the problems of mental health and illness-one that ranges from work in the basic sciences to efforts specifically engineered to advance our skills in prevention and control. This approach emphasizes the overall continuity of the Institute's efforts, for the National Institute of Mental Health, since its inception, has been the principal Federal instrumentality for carrying out a total national mental health program. Mr. FLOOD. When was it created? Dr. YOLLES. In 1948, sir. The programs of the Institute have gradually evolved from a simple beginning program of psychiatric research and mental health training to a highly complex, diversified system of Federal support on a broad national basis which embraces community services, professional and technical assistance, demonstrations, special projects, and training of both professional and nonprofessional workers; in addition to programs of support for construction and staffing of service facilities and the conduct of research. Mr. FLOOD. You have not worked yourself into a position of being a sacred cow in mental health, have you? 78-317-67-pt. 5-52 Dr. YOLLES. That position is not always so bad, Mr. Flood. Mr. FLOOD. Indeed not. Dr. YOLLES. For many, many years mental health in the United States has been the "low man on the totem pole" so if we are now approaching the sacred cow position it would be a good development. Mr. FLOOD. What you say is true. It has been a sad history. Dr. YOLLES. For many years mental health has been so far behind the other specialties in medicine that it became a national disgrace. PUBLIC ACCEPTANCE OF MENTAL HEALTH PROGRAMS Mr. FLOOD. There was no public acceptance whatsoever. Dr. YOLLES. That is right. Mr. FLOOD. Now you find almost universal acceptance. Dr. YOLLES. I wish that were so. There is an increasing acceptance. Mr. FLOOD. I think the acceptance has been extraordinary. Dr. YOLLES. There has been an extraordinary change in attitude but this is not universal. I think I can summarize this whole approach by one example. You can travel across the United States, for example, by car and become ill with appendicitis any place in the United States and receive rather high-level medical care. No matter what town you are in, it may be Podunk, you will receive a high level of care. But this is not true in the case of mental illness. If you have a mental or emotional breakdown in many places in the United States you will not receive class A care. In many places in the United States even today you will be dumped in a police tank until you can be transported to a mental hospital. For that reason I would like to see it remain a sacred cow until we can get more facilities and more services. Mr. FLOOD. Even in Podunk? Dr. YOLLES. Yes, even in Podunk. Mr. FLOOD. Do you have many problems in Podunk? Dr. YOLLES. It has been a gratifying experience to see that many of the small towns and rural areas have been able to develop community mental health programs and that they can provide class A treatment for the mentally disturbed. Mr. FLOOD. You are not inviting patients, are you? Dr. YOLLES. In a sense, yes, because if you provide facilities, people who have been hidden away and protected are brought out by their families, so you do get an increase in the numbers when you publicize programs of that kind. Mr. FLOOD. I agree with that. You no longer have them tied to a bed in the attic like animals and it is not wrong. Dr. YOLLES. At the same time, the Institute's programs have drawn into the mental health field a complex family of diverse disciplines; the biological, the clinical, the service, the social, the cultural, and the behavioral. To carry out its mission of improving the mental health of the people of the United States, it has of necessity been concerned and involved with urban and rural problems, health insurance programs, logistics of mental health care, housing and mental health, human relations, problems of automation, cultural deprivation, as well as a host of others. |