This activity provides support for the Office of the Director, including the professional, administrative, secretarial and clerical staff required for the direction and coordination of all Institute programs, the review of current and proposed operations, and supervision and provision of administrative services on a centralized basis. These administrative functions include also management in the areas of finance, personnel, supply, travel, space utilization, and management analysis. Included in the net increase is $14,000 for support of administrative cost associated with the expanded programs and $4,000 for centrally furnished services of the NIH management fund. WEDNESDAY, APRIL 12, 1967. NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF ALLERGY AND INFECTIOUS DISEASES WITNESSES DR. DORLAND J. DAVIS, DIRECTOR, NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF DR. JAMES A. SHANNON, NATIONAL INSTITUTES OF HEALTH WALTER H. MAGRUDER, EXECUTIVE OFFICER, NATIONAL INSTI- MARTIN J. FULLER, BUDGET OFFICER, NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF ALLERGY AND INFECTIOUS DISEASES RICHARD L. SEGGEL, EXECUTIVE OFFICER, NATIONAL INSTITUTESOF HEALTH CHARLES MILLER, FINANCIAL MANAGEMENT OFFICER, TIONAL INSTITUTES OF HEALTH DR. WILLIAM H. STEWART, SURGEON GENERAL G. R. CLAGUE, ACTING CHIEF FINANCE OFFICER NA 1 Includes capital outlay, as follows: 1966, $457,000; 1967, $515,000; 1968, $520,000. 2 Selected resources as of June 30 are as follows: Unpaid undelivered orders, 1965, $5,954,000 (1966 adjustment, $69,000); 1966, $7,848,000; 1967, $7,848,000; 1968, $7,848,000. Mr. FLOOD. I think the record should show that we are very happy that our friend, Mr. Cardwell was recognized for his outstanding service just yesterday afternoon. As I understand it, he was presented with the Department's Distinguished Service Award. This is a mark of distinction by his Government and his Department, with which this committee certainly concurs. Mr. CARDWEL. Thank you very much, sir. Mr. FLOOD. Now we have Dr. Dorland Davis, who is the Director of the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases. BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCH OF PRINCIPAL WITNESS We have a biographical sketch of the doctor which will be inserted in the record at this point. (The document follows:) Name: Dorland J. Davis, M.D. Position: Director, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health. Birthplace and date: Chicago, Illinois, July 2, 1911. Education: B.S. (with highest honors), University of Illinois, 1933; M.D., Johns Hopkins University, 1937; Dr. P.H. (epidemiology) Johns Hopkins University, 1940; Certified by the American Board of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, 1949. Experience: 1964 to present: Director, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health; 1956 to 1964: Associate Director, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health; 1954 to 1956: Chief, Laboratory of Infectious Diseases, National Microbiological Institute (now National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases), National Institutes of Health; 1944 to 1954: National Institute of Health, Division of Infectious Diseases; 1943: Duty in North Africa for the State Department and U.S. Army; 1939 to 1943: National Institute of Health, Division of Infectious Diseases (appointed May 27, 1939). Association memberships: (1) Medical Society Membership Fellow, American Association for the Advancement of Science; Fellow, American Public Health Association (member of the Governing Council); Fellow, American Academy of Microbiology; Fellow, American College of Preventive Medicine; Society of Experimental Biology and Medicine; American Association of Military Surgeons; American Association of Immunologists; American Society for Microbiology; American Epidemiological Society; American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene; American Medical Association; Scientfic and Educational Council, Allergy Foundation of America. (2) Other MembershipsWorld Health Organization Expert Committee on Influenza; World Health Organization Panel on Virus Diseases; U.S. Representative for the Eighth International Congresses on Tropical Medicine and Malaria; Board of Directors, Gorgas Memorial Institute of Tropical and Prevention Medicine, Inc.; Member National Research Council, Division of Medical Sciences (Executive Committee). Special awards, citations or publications: Edward Rhodes Stitt Award, Association of Military Surgeons of the U.S., 1955; Phi Beta Kappa; Sigma Xi; Delta Omega; author and coauthor of many scientific papers, primarily on the results of epidemiological and etiological studies of infectious diseases, including trypanosomiasis, psittacosis, hepatitis, bacterial conjunctivists, and influenza. Mr. FLOOD. Do you have a statement, Doctor? Dr. DAVIS. Yes, I have, Mr. Flood. Mr. FLOOD. Will you proceed. GENERAL STATEMENT Dr. DAVIS. One has only to compare today's newspaper and magazine articles about public health with those of 50 years ago to know that medical science has made progress against infectious diseases. Vaccines, the products of research, have practically wiped out such former scourges as diphtheria, whooping cough, tetanus, and poliomyelitis. And thanks to antibiotics, advances have also been made in the treatment of such diseases as tuberculosis, venereal disease, and bacterial pneumonia. In short, medical research has paid off in the field of infectious diseases. Mr. FLOOD. Tuberculosis? TUBERCULOSIS Dr. DAVIS. Tuberculosis, yes. The death rate for tuberculosis has declined dramatically since 1900. Unfortunately, at the present time there seems to be a plateauing. The decline was due in large part to the improved sanitary conditions, improved economic conditions, and better public health practice. Mr. FLOOD. Has the incidence not increased lately? Dr. DAVIS. In the center of cities where there are slum conditions, and poverty, there have been some increases in the death rate and in the incidence, but these are rather isolated. Mr. FLOOD. We are having trouble in other parts of the world, are we not? Dr. DAVIS. Tuberculosis is one of the most important diseases in the world. Even in tropical areas where we think of other diseases as being so important, we find when we look at morbidity statistics, and death certificates, that tuberculosis is extremely important. I am speaking such areas as Central America, South America, Africa, and India. Dr. SHANNON. And Southeast Asia. Dr. DAVIS. Southeast Asia. DIMENSIONS OF THE INFECTIOUS DISEASE PROBLEM Despite these advances, infectious diseases and related allergic and immunologic disorders are still one of the Nation's major public health problems. As a group, these conditions rank third as a cause of death, accounting for some 110,000 deaths a year. This number includes 10,000 children who die of respiratory infections in their first year of life. Mr. FLOOD. Cystic fibrosis? Dr. DAVIS. Yes, although deaths from cystic fibrosis are now projected later on in childhood rather than as they were some years ago in the first year of life. It is due to the effective use of antibiotics in the management of cases of cystic fibrosis. When one remembers that each of these infant deaths represents a lost lifetime, the real loss amounts to more than 700,000 man-years of life annually. But the toll does not stop there. The American people suffer more than a quarter of a billion episodes of acute infectious disease every year. And 17 million Americans suffer from allergies. The annual cost is staggering: 850 million days of restricted activity, 110 million lost workdays, 160 million lost schooldays, $1.5 billion in lost productivity, and upwards of $1 billion spent for medical treatment. RESEARCH AND TRAINING The programs of research and research training conducted and supported by the Institute are designed to relieve the American people of this enormous medical and economic burden. The Institute's program, however, has a broader significance than is indicated by mere statistics. Research in microbiology and immunology nourishes the entire field of biomedicine and has an impact on the research programs of the other Institutes. Here are just two cases in point, one from the field of virology, the other from immunology. First, animal studies continue to yield evidence that viruses may also be a cause of cancer and of such chronic conditions as degenera |