ANESTHESIOLOGY AND DIAGNOSTIC RADIOLOGY CENTERS 1. Purpose of program The purpose of the anesthesiology center program is to provide research and training for clinical and laboratory investigation related to teaching and patient care in anesthesiology. The planned diagnostic radiology center will provide for research, development and evaluation of new techniques in diagnostic radiology to bring the fruits of biomedical engineering to improvement of X ray investigation and to develop new methods of visualization of tissues. 1967 estimates 1968 estimates 3. Present stage of development 2. Funds $500,000 1, 000, 000 This initial year of the program provides for the development of one anesthesiology center and the development of a diagnostic radiology center. 4. Plans for the future The amounts in the President's budget provide for the continuing support of the anesthesiology center and the development of a diagnostic radiology center. RESEARCH AND TRAINING GRANT CENTERS 1. Purpose of program The purpose of the environmental health sciences centers is to establish university-based resources for both research and training which are embedded in the substance of graduate education. The programs embrace numerous facets of environmental health research-clinical and nonclinical activity, routine work and highly original studies, investigations by individuals and by teams, field studies, etc. They also permit advanced training in environmental health research in a depth that is relatively unavailable elsewhere. Center grants may provide for common-use equipment, special laboratories, and salaries for a core group of scientists and administrative personnel. Individual studies are generally supported by funds from other sources. 1967 estimates 1968 estimates 3. Present stage of development 2. Funds $2,500,000 3,500,000 The 1967 plans include the continued support of 6 ongoing programs and two new centers to be established. 4. Plans for the future The increase of $1,000,000 in the President's budget support ongoing programs and provide for the activation of three or four additional centers. SPECIALIZED RESEARCH CENTERS 1. Purpose of program The initial design of this program was to provide support for planning and operational grants for specialized centers in the Heart Disease, Cancer and Stroke areas. Each of the three Institutes involved makes awards in its own field for analyses of major problems and for the development of programs and resources, i.e., center establishments, to deal in depth with these disease areas. The National Cancer Institute is also merging under this program title the programs it previously carried as Categorical Clinical Centers. 2. Funds See the table below. 3. Present stage of development In 1966 the Heart Institute initiated the development of cardiovascular centers with planning grants to four instiutions; support for three of these is continued in 1967 with the activation of seven additional planning grants. These awards are for ongoing programs in cardiovascular research and training and are expected to compete for major operational center funds within the next several years. Cancer institute now supports 36 specialized research centers; the funds for 1967 will allow increased support for existing activities plus the inauguration of several new installations. Also included are planning grants which support cost incurred by institutions in the development of longterm plans for cancer research, training and clinical services. Neurology began the development of stroke centers with six planning grants in 1966; seven centers will be in the planning stage in 1967. 4. Plans for the future Funds in the President's budget will provide for continued planning support to the 1967 awardee instiutions as well as a few new developmental awards. The long range plans of the Heart Institute provide for 12 specialized cardiovascular research and training centers during the next 5 years. Cancer plans four new grants in 1968. Some previously initiated grants called for higher starting costs with lesser operating funds in 1968 making possible the funding of these new grants. Neurology plans an increase of one center in 1968 making a total of 8 in the developmental stage. The purpose of the environmental health sciences centers is to establish university-based resources for both research and training which are embedded in the substance of graduate education. The programs embrace numerous facets of environmental health research-clinical and nonclinical activity, routine work and highly original studies, investigations by individuals and by teams, field studies, etc. They also permit advanced training in environmental health research in a depth that is relatively unavailable elsewhere. Center grants may provide for common-use equipment, special laboratories, and salaries for a core group of scientists and administrative personnel. Individual studies are generally supported by funds from other sources. 1967 estimates___ 1968 estimates_ 3. Present stage of development 2. Funds $2,500,000 3,500,000 The 1967 plans include the continued support of 6 ongoing programs and two new centers to be established. 4. Plans for the future The increase of $1,000,000 in the President's budget support ongoing programs and provide for the activation of three or four additional centers. REGULAR RESEARCH FELLOWSHIPS NOTE. In this, and the following sections on Fellowships and Training grants, data through 1966 include amounts for the National Institute of Mental Health. Beginning with 1967, pursuant to the reorganization of the Public Health Service, the data omits NIMH but includes the Division of Environmental Health Sciences. The principal effects of this change are in Predoctoral Fellowships and in Training grants where there are reductions in 1967 over the amounts shown for 1966. 1. Purpose of program The purpose of this program is to increase the supply of manpower available for research and teaching by providing qualified individuals with support for training in health related fields. There are three major categories of regular research fellowships; predoctoral, postdoctoral, and special. Predoctoral fellowships provide assistance to individuals who have a bachelor's degree for further training leading to a doctoral degree. Postdoctoral fellowships support advanced training for an individual who has already earned a Ph. D., M.D., D.D.S., D.V.M., or equivalent degree. Special fellowships are designed to meet training needs not met by other fellowship programs, by supporting qualified investigators who require additional specialized training. The decrease shown in this program in 1967 is due primarily to the exclusion of the National Institute of Mental Health. 5. Plans for the future The number of Predoctoral Fellowships supported in 1968 will be decreased in favor of increasing the number of students supported in established graduate training programs. INTERNATIONAL POSTDOCTORAL FELLOWSHIPS 1. Purpose of program This program provides awards to promising foreign scientists to support their training in the United States. While these awards contribute to the improvement of foreign research capabilities, the primary objectives of this program are domestic. These objectives are achieved by enabling foreign investigators to share their ideas and background with American colleagues, and by encouraging foreign scientists to participate in research bearing on American health problems. As this research is often continued and extended by the fellow upon return to his home, additional opportunities are created for future collaborative efforts in research endeavors of importance to the United States. This program was established in Western Europe in Fiscal Year 1958 with 12 countries participating. Plans were made at that time for an orderly increase in the number of participating countries based on research potential and likelihood that returning fellows would use training in the United States. The increase in the number of countries participating has progressed according to schedule as follows: 1959, 30; 1960, 36; 1961, 40; 1962 and 1936, 41; 1964 and 1965, 42; 1966 through 1968, 43. In 1967, as in 1966, 166 fellows will be supported. 4. Plans for the future In 1968 approximately 170 fellows will be supported. This is an increase of 4 over the number supported in 1967. RESEARCH CAREER PROGRAM 1. Purpose of program This program is designed to increase the number of stable full-time career opportunities for scientists of superior potential and capability in the sciences related to health. The program consists of two types of awards; career awards and career development awards. Career awards support established investigators of high competence for the duration of their careers. Career development awards support qualified scientists who have three years or more of relevant postdoctor research or professional experience and who require additional training in preparation for careers in independent research. Development awards are normally made for five years and may be extended for not more than a total of ten years. 2. Funds and number of awards Approximately 1,248 fellows will be supported in 1967. This is the sum of 183 Research Career Awards, a decrease of 1 from the 1966 level, and 1,065 Research Career Development Awards, an increase of 140 over 1966. 4. Plans for the future During 1968, about 1,336 career fellowships will be supported. This represents an increase of 96 Research Career Development Awards and a decrease of 9 Research Career Awards over the number supported in 1967. 1. Purpose of program TRAINING GRANTS These grants support training in specified aspects of health, medicine, and allied fields with the major objectives of (a) insuring an adequate supply of competent research and teaching manpower, and (b) facilitating within the student bodies of health-related professional schools the development of knowledge about special areas of disease that have particular significance. The training grant fulfills a dual function. Its funds underwrite certain expenses related to the specific training mission, including the provision of stipends to individuals selected for that training, except in (b) above. It also serves to create and maintain an atmosphere essential to the training by providing a focal point for the specific discipline or disease within the training institutions. The training programs of most of the NIH Institutes are directed toward the provision of adequate manpower for research in those disease areas for which they have assigned responsibilities. In contrast, the programs of the National Institute of General Medical Sciences are designed to support the fundamental sciences which undergird the disease-oriented interests of the categorical institutes. For this reason, their training programs cover the full range of the basic biomedical sciences. In 1967 about 2,592 Training Grants will be supported. 4. Plans for the future Emphasis will continue in areas where current and projected manpower shortages can be identified. Examples of such program areas to be supported by NIGMS include pharmacology and toxicology, the behavioral sciences, genetics, biophysics, biomedical engineering, and biostatistics. Areas of manpower shortages in programs supported by other Institutes include mental retardation, developmental and clinical pharmacology, aging, congenital malformations, virology, epidemiology, immunology and organ transplantation, artificial organs, orthopedics, urology and kidney disease, and neurology. REGIONAL MEDICAL PROGRAMS 1. Purpose of program These programs are designed to further research and treatment in heart disease, cancer and related diseases. Through grants, encouragement and assistance will be provided for the establishment of regional cooperative arrangements among medical schools, research institutions, and hospitals for research and training and for demonstrations of patient care. The medical profession and medical institutions throughout the nation will be provided, thereby, a better opportunity to make available to their patients the latest advances in the diagnosis and treatment of these diseases without interference with the patterns of patient care or professional practice, with the methods of financing, or with the administration of hospitals. Current plans provide for planning grants, feasibility studies and grants for pilot projects as bases for further development of sound regional programs. |