distributions of pollutants which are needed to permit development of analytical models, to predict pollution levels, and to establish pollution controls.

The Department of Commerce is planning to procure, install and test at Mauna Loa a prototype of a LIDAR equipment for measuring the vertical distribution of particulates in the atmosphere and to conduct research to refine observing techniques.

OTHER SPECIALIZED METEOROLOGICAL SERVICES

OPERATIONAL PROGRAM

Because these Specialized Meteorological Services support relatively stable on-going programs, annual changes are usually small. In FY 72, however, the Department of Defense is planning a decrease in its programs because of overall military retrenchments.

SUPPORTING RESEARCH PROGRAM

The AEC conducts research to improve the meteorological support provided for nuclear detonations, tests, and reactor and nuclear rocket experi

ments. As new applications of nuclear materials are developed, new variations in testing conditions arise; thus, further development and refinement of the meteorological support become necessary. This support consists of evaluation and prediction of air trajectories, diffusion, deposition, and washout by precipitation of nuclear materials which might inadvertently be released from test sites. The supporting research consists of development of the use of a medium-scale wind-reporting network to serve as input to a computer model which automatically prints flow patterns, trajectories, and normalized concentration contours from an assumed source; determination of the aerodynamic effect of buildings upon the diffusion rate of effluents emanating from the structure; study of the fumigation of a controlled elevated source and the resulting downwind concentrations near the gound; study of atmospheric diffusion rates during calm or near-calm conditions; study of the effect of wind direction meandering upon concentrations averaged over a 12- to 24-hour period: and application of all this knowledge on an operational prediction basis.

Commerce

53,426

Defense

Army.

18,050 21,210 23,208 135,731

146,909

Navy

Air Force

200 3,305

200 1,307 1,461 10,975 9,821

3,224

OBSERVATIONS

The basic observation function is subdivided into five categories-surface, upper air (balloon and rockets), reconnaissance, radar, and satellite. The accompanying tables show the distribution of various types of observing facilities, by agency, and the total costs of the various types of observations, by agency, for FY 71 and FY 72. The following paragraphs highlight only the agency program changes in this functional area.

In FY 71, the Department of Defense programmed the purchase of six semiautomatic

weather stations to be installed at Barbers Point Naval Air Station (NAS), Hawaii, Brunswick NAS, Maine, Chase Field Naval Auxiliary Air Station (NAAS), Tex., Corpus Christi NAS, Tex., Kingsville NAAS, Tex., and Guantanamo Bay Naval Base in Cuba, and the partial equipment of four weather vans to be located with various Marine Corps Air Groups. Defense further realined its FY 71 activities to account for unfunded FY 70 programs; under this realinement, Defense is purchasing eight Category II Runway Visual Range (RVR) computers, installing six RVRs at Travis,

Calif., McGuire, N.J., Elmendorf, Alaska, and Chanute, Ill., Air Force Bases (AFB) and at Yokota, Japan, and Mildenhall, England, Air Bases (AB) and using two sets for training maintenance personnel.

Defense is realining its radar programs for FY 72 to account for the unfunded FY 70 and FY 71 programs. The program for FY 72 now provides for the purchase and installation of 22 remote radar transmitters and 29 remote receivers at a cost of $1,185,000.

In FY 72, Defense plans to purchase and use less expensive rocketsondes with a resulting saving of $1,403,000. Also, Defense's weather reconnaissance operations and its equipment modification program will decrease significantly in FY 72 with a resulting reduction in the Air Force program of $4,291,000.

As a result of scheduled base closures, the reduction of upper air soundings from four to two a day, and a reduction of observing locations overseas, Defense will realize a reduction in personnel and a consequent reduction in the FY 72 budget of approximately $2,550,000.

In FY 72, Defense plans to purchase and install four Category II RVR computers for installation at Dover, Del., McChord, Wash., Norton, Calif., and Charleston, S.C., AFBs at $372,600; purchase and install five digital winds systems at Travis, McGuire, and Elmendorf AFBs, and at Yokota and Mildenhall ABs at $200,000; purchase 16 APT photorecorders for retrofit of existing systems at $480,000; convert 11 shipboard APT antennas and receivers to utilize GOES transmissions at $220,000; and buy various meteorological instruments to equip scheduled follow-on weather reconnaissance aircraft at $330,000.

In FY 71, The Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) plans to upgrade certain existing systems and instrument flight rule (IFR) runways with the procurement and installation of 10 RVRs and six rotating-beam ceilometers at a cost of $256,000. The FAA plans no further increases in this category in FY 72.

In FY 72, The Coast Guard is planning an increase of $1,250,000 to provide for the increased operating costs of the new, larger cutters which are replacing the Second World War vessels.

Commerce is continuing to improve the facilities and services for weather radar observations as called for in the Federal Plan for Weather Radars and Remote Displays. In FY 71, Commerce assigned a number of radar operators to network stations, leased additional communications lines for radar-remoting equipment, and purchased one ra

dar-remoting transmitter and four receivers. In FY 72, Commerce plans to assign radar operators at six new network stations and augment the staff at the FAA's Salt Lake City, Utah, Air Route Traffic Control Center (ARTCC) and provide for additional radar remoting at $695,000. The six new synoptic radar network stations are at Grand Island, Nebr., Huron, S.D., Bristol, Tenn., Hondo, Tex., Midland, Tex., and Neenah, Wisc.

In FY 71, the Department of Commerce began a program to replace obsolete equipment and to fill the gaps in the surface observational network by acquiring six new Automatic Meteorological Observing Stations (AMOS)-the AMOS III-70s. In FY 72 Commerce plans to acquire 24 more AMOS III-70s, to continue the program of replacing obsolete equipment, and absorbing observing functions of other Government agencies where reduction in their programs result in loss of data. The FY 72 budget for the above items amounts to $1,400,000. This amount includes funds for contract observations to supplement the AMOS III-70s.

In the category of upper air observations, Commerce in FY 71 acquired five low-level sounding systems, including surface weather-observing devices, to support the Air Pollution Control Meteorological Service to Federal, State, and local agencies. This program will continue to be expanded; in FY 72, Commerce plans to procure three more of these three-dimensional weather data acquisition systems at $81,000 to provide the necessary input data for forecasting air pollution potential. In support of the monitoring of the long term global trends in atmospheric constituents and properties likely to produce climatic change, Commerce in FY 72 plans to augment the staff and equipment at the Mauna Loa Observatory, Hawaii, and establish a new base line monitoring station at a remote site in the Arctic at a total of $410,000.

As part of its program to automate upper air observations, Commerce in FY 71 acquired small digital computers for nine stations in Alaska and the Pacific.

In a continuing effort to fulfill its responsibilities to the Basic Meteorological Service, Commerce in FY 72 is assuming the operation and maintenance supporting activities for the upper air station at Swan Island (in the Caribbean Sea) upon the withdrawal of the FAA, and operation and maintenance of the upper air station at Key West, Fla., upon termination of operations by Defense at a total cost of $220,000.

In an associated action involving the organization of NOAA, Executive Order No. 11564 was is