Handbook of Heavy Construction, Volume 1

aggregate allowable amount application approximately bars base blasting bottom bridge cable cableway caisson capacity cement cent cofferdam Company complete concrete construction contract Contractor cost crane cutting determined developed diameter direct drill driving effect electric Engineer equipment erection estimated excavation explosives factor force forms grade gravel hammer handling hauling head heavy holes important increase joint length less load lower machine manufacturers material maximum method necessary opening operation pipe placed plans plant plate position possible practice pressure prestressing production pump reduced reinforcing removed resistance result rock sand screen selected sheet piles shovel shown side soil specifications speed standard steel strength stress structure surface Table timber tire tons tower truck unit usually walls weight welding wire