sage around the Cape of Good
Hope, 213; its disastrous effects
upon India, ib.; conquest of India
by Lord Clive, ib.; his character
and history, 214; Dupleix, his de-
sign of establishing a Gallo-Indian
empire, 217; his schemes and their
success, 216; alliance of the Eng-
lish and Hindoos, ib.; the hatred
of the Europeans towards each
other, and its results, 218, 219;
progress of Clive, 219, 221; re-
turns to England, 221; his recep-
tion there, 222; ordered back again,
takes possession of his govern-
ment and recaptures Calcutta, 222;
attacks and captures the French
settlement of Chandernagore, 223;
conspiracy of Jugget Seit and
Meir Jaffier to assassinate the Na-
bob, 224; battle of Plassey and
defeat of the Nabob, ib.; elevation
of Jaffer to the throne-Ochi-
mund, fictitious treaty with, 225;
Clive's share of the spoils of the
revolution, ib.; his deceit, ib.; in-
competency of Jaffier and condi-
tion of the country, 226; Clive ap-
pointed Governor of Bengal, 227;
the French capture St. Davids
and invest Madras, but compelled
to retire, ib.; interference of the
Dutch, who seize several English
vessels, and are defeated by Col.
Forde at Bedarra,-Forde invests
Chinsura, which capitulates, ib.;
Clive returns again to England,
229; is created an Irish peer,—
conduct of Vansittart, his succes-
sor in India, ib.; Jaffier dethroned,
and Cosim Ali made Nabob,-his
character and proceedings, 230,
231; Clive returns to India, 232;
his troubles there, ib.; resigns his
office and returns home, 233; as-
saults made upon his character
and administration, 234; their ef-
fect upon his health and peace of
mind, his acquittal, 235; commits
suicide, ib.; is compared with Bo-
naparte.
Agricultural Survey of South-Carolina,
449; Report of the Committee on,
ib.; inquiry into the nature and be-
nefits of, ib.; Agricultural Society
in Charleston, ib.; State Agricul-
tural Society, Columbia, ib.; their
objects and effects, ib.; Roper,
his energy and perseverance, ib.;
roads, navigation of rivers, rail-
roads, ib.; commercial conven-
tions and their effects, 450; spirit
of speculation, periodical in its at-
tacks, epidemic in its character,
ib.; sources of national greatness,
ib.; ascendancy of the money pow-
er, 451; South-Carolina, an agri-
cultural State, ib.; diminished va-
lue of agricultural productions, ib.;
resources of the State and means
of developing them, ib.; staples of
the State, 452; injurious results of
raising crops only for market, ib.;
impoverishment of the soil and
emigration, ib.; fluctuations in
crops and prices, 453; rice intro-
duced into the State in 1693,-in-
digo in 1742,-cotton in 1798,-
quantity of each raised in South-
Carolina in particular, and the
Southern States generally, and the
amount of land occupied for the
purpose, 453, 455; advantages of
an agricultural survey of the State
considered, 455, 456; Mr. Ruffin,
his appointment as surveyor and
his accomplishments, ib.; agricul-
tural schools, their importance in-
sisted on, 457-8-9; Dr. Bachman,
an eminent naturalist, his lecture,
460; State surveyor, and what
ought to be his qualifications, ib.;
agricultural societies, journals and
papers, 461; agricultural schools,
462; what should be taught in
them, 463; common school sys-
tem of South-Carolina examined,
and the establishment of an agri-
cultural department recommend-
ed, 465, 466; Sir Humphrey Da-
vy's opinion of the objects of the
agriculturist quoted, 467.
American Notes for General Circula-
tion, 166; the writer's judgment
warped by prejudice, and his facts
discolored by his imagination,
167; what was expected from his
genius as an author and his sup-
posed philanthropy, ib.; the disap-
pointment of the public, ib.; the
work pervaded by a captious spi-
rit, ib.; occasional exhibitions of
peculiar powers of humor and gra-
phic descriptions, ib.; author re-
ceived with too much parade and
servility on his arrival, 168; the
effects of this reception on his
mind and opinions, ib.; probable
motives of the author in writing
this work, 171; the irritation pro-
duced by it and its probable con-
sequences, 172; injurious influ-
ence of the habit of fictitious wri-
ting on the minds of its authors,
ib.; disqualifies them from becom-
ing faithful narrators of facts, ib.;
cases in point cited, 173; Dickens'
description of charitable asylums
and prisons worthy of remark, and
sketches of cases of individual
suffering, graphic and touching,
ib.; American newspaper press—
his attack on it considered-com-
pared with the British newspaper
press, 174, 175; slavery, his gross
and unjust opinions of the institu-
tion, and his misrepresentations,
176; his affected sensibility and
humanity, 179; the mild discip-
line of Southern slavery favorably
contrasted with the severity and
cruelty of the British army, navy
and manufactory systems, 178,
179, 180; general character of this
work, a caricature of American
manners, customs and institutions;
contains some truths, but, taken
as a whole, is a tissue of misrepre-
sentations, destitute of fairness,
honesty, fidelity, 181.
Brief inquiry into the true nature and
character of our Federal Government,
review of, 407.
Constructions of the Constitution, 407;
the press the rival of the orator
and the poet, ib.; this truth exem-
plified in the history of our con-
stitution and government, 400; au-
thorship in the United States in
the hands of Northern writers, ib.;
school books at the South conse-
quently not adapted to convey pro-
per instruction to the rising gener-
ation, ib.; instances of their want
of fitness stated, ib.; no elementary
works founded on our peculiar so-
cial relations, ib.; political treatises
adapted to the maturer intellect
equally defective, 409; the Con-
stitution of the United States an
instrument of very limited powers,
ib.; a feature resulting from the
conflicting interests of the different
sections of the country,-fate of
this instrument did not depend up-
on the will of the majority of those
who framed it, nor upon the will
of the majority of the people taken
collectively, but upon the will of
two-thirds of the States, acting as
States, 411; in controversies be-
tween the North and South, North-
ern interests preponderant, ib.;
questions of constitutional power
usually affirmed by the North and
denied by the South, ib.; attach-
ment of Northern politicians to
the principles of liberal construc-
tion, and an extension of the pow-
ers of the Federal Government,
ib.; proper division of parties in
the United States into central and
anti-central, 412; origin of the
terms Federalist and Anti-Feder-
alist, ib.; Anti-Centralists, out of
place, become Centralists in place,
413; this truth exemplified in the
history of several of our Presi-
dents, ib.; its influence upon the
relation of parties, ib.; the title of
National Republican assumed by
the Republican party, ib.; the
word, National, an unconstitution-
al one, ib.; J. Q. Adams, came
into power under this denomina-
tion-National Republicanism and
Federalism identical, ib.; General
Jackson, 414; deeply imbued with
the spirit of Centralism,ib.; evinced
in his celebrated Proclamation,
Dec. 10, 1832, against South-Car-
olina,-meaning of the term Dem-
ocracy under his administration,
ib.; identical with Centralism; his-
tory of party nomenclature con-
tinued, 415, 416; Peter Parley's
Tales respecting the Constitution
alluded to, ib.; Chancellor Kent-
his theory of the government sta-
ted, 417; adopted by Gen. Jack-
son, ib.; maintained by Judge Sto-
ry, 418; dangerous consequences
of this theory considered, and the
theory itself refuted, 419, 431.
Civil Law, introduction to the study
of, by Irving, 94; character of the
work, ib.; civil law, how exhibit-
ed, ib., of what it consists, ib.; its
study, per se, obsolete, ib.; the com-
mon and statute law engrafted on
it, ib.; works upon accessible to
the English scholar, too profound
for text books, 95; Gibbon's out-
line of, its character, ib.; Savig-
ny's history of, Domat's Les loix
civiles, Heineccius' Elementa juris
civilis, their character, ib.; not ea-
sily obtained in the Southern
States,-
‚—an outline of, a desidera-
tum, ib.; Mr. Mazureau of Louisi-
ana a suitable person to prepare
one, ib.; his eminent attainments
as a common lawyer and civilian,
ib.; little been written on the sub-
ject of the civil law in England, ib.;
the Germans accomplished civil-
ians, 96; what the civil law em-
braced, ib.; leges regiæ, new laws,
smatus consulta, plebiscita, edicta
prætorum, responsa prudentium,
explained, 96, 97; codes of Gre
gorius and Hermogenes-of The-
odosius and Justinian, 97; corpus
juris civilis, of what it is compris-
ed, ib.; the juris præcepta, what
they are, ib.; civil law of contracts
explained at length, 97, 106; doc-
trine of trusts considered, 106, 107;
most remarkable rules regulating
descent enumerated, 107, 108;
beautiful regularity of the civil
law, 108; its adaptation to the
rights and obligations of men in a
state of society, ib.
Collections of the Georgia Historical
Society, 40; this Society, when or-
ganized, ib.; character of its Col-
lections, ib.; first work of the kind
South of the Potomac, ib.; Histo-
rical Societies of the different
States and the Charleston Library
Society referred to, ib.; what they
have contributed to the history of
the country, 41; number of vo-
lumes published by them, ib.; their
influence in producing a spirit of
inquiry among educated men, ib.;
fruits of these inquiries stated, ib.;
motto of the Georgia Historical
Society, 43; Harris' Memorials of
Oglethorpe already reviewed by
Professor Sparks, ib.; reasons as-
signed for reviewing it again, ib.;
of what the Georgia Historical
Collections consist, ib.; Sir R.
Mountgomery, 43; his plan of set-
tling a colony, ib.; its failure, ib.;
Percival and Oglethorpe's scheme
of a colony, 44; charter of it when
obtained, ib.; objects of the settle-
ment, 45, 46, 47; Oglethorpe's en-
thusiastic descriptions of the coun-
try, 49; schemes of the founders
defeated, 50, 51, 52; first arrival
of settlers, when and where, 53;
their negociations with the Indians,
53, 54; Oglethorpe lays out Sa-
vannah, 54; arrival of the Saltz-
burghers and settlement at Ebene-
zer, 54, 55; Oglethorpe embarks
for England with several Indian
chiefs, 56; their reception there,
ib.; Highland emigrants, ib.; their
settlement at Darien, ib.; Ogle-
thorpe's return to Georgia with
Rev. John and Charles Wesley,
ib.; Augusta settled, ib.; difficul-
ties between the colonists and the
Spanish authorities of St. Augus-
tine, 58; war threatened, ib.; troops
sent out from England and Ogle-
thorpe placed at their head, 58;
war declared and successfully pro-
secuted, 59; Oglethorpe's final re-
turn to England, 60; prosperity of
the colony and a description of
the principal settlements, 60, 61;
form of government revised and
new plan, 62; reverses of the co-
lony described, 62, 63; defects of
the new government, 63, 64, 65;
exclusion of negro labor from
Georgia, 65; reasons of it explain-
ed, 65, 66; importation of English
and Welsh servants, 67; refracto-
ry, ib.; corporeal punishments re-
sorted to, ib.; sufferings of the co-
lony described, 69; petition for ne-
groes refused, 71; disturbances
created by the refusal, 72; prohi-
bition relaxed through the instru-
mentality of Rev. George Whit-
field, and a new and more rational
ordering of society brought about,
72, 73; proceedings in this matter
detailed, 73; the Trustees surren-
der their charter, 74; when, ib.;
Georgia proclaimed a royal pro-
vince, ib.; consequences of exclu-
ding slaves from the colony stated,
74, 75; happy results of the change
in the government, 75; population,
ib; further malversations consi-
dered, 78, 79; friendly alliance
between South-Carolina and Geor-
gia, 79; assistance and aid fur-
nished by the former, 79, 80; rup-
ture between them and causes sta-
ted, 81, 83; brighter days of Geor-
gia, 84; Judge Law's and Doctor
Stevens' oratións on its early his-
tory, and Mr. Spalding's Sketch of
the Life of Oglethorpe, referred to,
ib.; interesting anecdote respect-
ing William McIntosh, ib.; Dr.
Harris' Life of Oglethorpe,-its
character, 86; leading facts in the
life of Oglethorpe dwelt upon, 86,
87; Dr. Johnson's opinion of him,
87; family history of Oglethorpe,
87, 88, 89, 90; his parliamentary
abilities, 90; his philanthropy and
its manifestations, 90, 91; his his-
tory continued, 91, 92, 93.
Chemistry Organic, its application to
agriculture and physiology, 182;
science contributed little hitherto
to the department of agriculture,
182; reasons assigned for this ap-
parent neglect, ib.; empiricism in
agriculture extensively prevalent,
ib.; agricultural societies, a good
omen, 183; agriculture pursued as
a means of immediate gain, ib.;
ruinous consequences of this, ib.;
application of science to agricul-
ture, a source of intellectual grati-
fication and of increased profit, ib.;
Leibig, Johnstone and Dana, this
the object of their publications,
184; the history of these works,
ib.; their general character, ib.;
some defects in Dana's treatise
pointed out, 185; Liebig pre-emi-
nent among chemists, ib.; his work
a splendid monument of his saga-
city in certain respects, ib.; what
these are, ib.; of what the work
treats, 186; the object of organic
chemistry, what it is, ib.; whence
plants receive the elements of their
constitution-the question consi-
dered, 187, 193; inorganic ele-
ments of plants-what they are,
193; essential to the development
of every plant, 194; operations of
nature for their supply, ib.; effects
of the rotation of crops, ib.; what
crops most, what least exhaust-
ing, ib.; necessity of a change in
our mode of agriculture insisted
on, 195; inorganic bases of plants,
necessity of supplying them, ib.;
particular plants require particu-
lar bases, b.; strength of the plant
for supporting its foliage,-what
it depends on, ib.; alkaline bases,
the subject considered, 195, 196;
fermentation, eremacausis, putre-
faction, animal chemistry-these
subjects ably handled by Dr. Lei-
big, his facts well ascertained and
his results well established, 196;
same more particularly consider-
ed, 197, 198, 199.
Caruthers Dr., his Lecture before the
Historical Society of Georgia, 537.
Clive, Lord Robert, Life of, 197.
Calhoun, John C., Life of, 496; why
published at this juncture, ib.; rea-
sons insisted on, 497; character of
this biographical sketch, 498; to
what subjects confined, 499; his-
tory of Mr. Calhoun before his
entrance into Congress,-his pa-
rentage, education, studies, ib.; Dr.
Dwight's opinion of, 500, 501;
when elected to Congress, 500; the
Committee of Federal Relations-
their report and the discussions
thereon, ib.; his speech on this oc-
casion, ib.; his opposition to the
embargo and non-importation acts,
502; his efforts in behalf of the
mercantile interest, 503, 504; opin-
ions of, and remarkable speech on
Free Trade and restrictions on
commerce, 504-5-6; bill of for the
repeal of embargo and non-impor-
tation acts passed by Congress,
507; his opposition to the bank
project of 1814-15, ib.; his connec-
tion with the tariff of 1816, 508;
mistakes in relation to this sub-
ject corrected, ib.; internal im-
provement bill reported by him
under what circumstances, 509,
510; vetoed by Mr. Madison, 510;
his views of the constitutional
powers of Congress over this sub-
ject explained, ib.; bank bill re-
ported by him, as chairman of the
committee on currency, 511; its
character, ib.; his qualifications as
a statesman considered, 511, 512;
called into the Cabinet as Secre-
tary of War, 512; his administra-
tion of that department, 512-13-14;
nominated by Pennsylvania a can-
didate for the Presidency, 514;
withdraws from the canvass un-
der what circumstances, ib.; elect-
ed Vice-President by a large ma-
jority, ib.; Mr. Adams' adminis-
tration, ib.; state of parties and
relation of prominent individuals
at his accession, ib.; Mr. Calhoun's
decision upon the point of order as
to words spoken in debate, 515; dis-
cussions that grew out of this de-
cision, 515-16; the tariff act of
1828, 516; stand taken by Mr.
Calhoun and his party on this sub-
ject, ib.; history of this measure,
516-17-18-19; views of General
Jackson upon it, on his accession
to the Presidency, 519; of the Sou-
thern States generally, 520; de-
termination of South-Carolina to
resist it, ib.; nullification the right
of, when first asserted, ib.; Mr.
Calhoun's opinions on the subject
stated, ib.; South-Carolina Ordi-
nance of Nullification, when pass-
ed, 521; Force bill and Mr. Cal-
houn's Resolutions, debate upon,
521; Compromise Act, its provi-
sions, ib.; State interposition, whe-
ther a conservative or revolution-
ary measure-the question consi-
dered, 521-22; the Constitution,
whether created by the people of
the Union, or the results of a com-
pact between sovereign States,
522; the Convention that formed
it how constituted, ib.; the States
represented as States in that body,
and the Constitution adopted by
the States, acting as States, in
their separate capacity, ib.; the
Union the result of this act of
adoption, ib,; 'people of the Union,'
a phrase not to be found in the
Constitution, ib.; reasons of this
omission explained. 'People of
the United States'-what the ex-
pression means, ib.; the word State
defined, ib.; State action manifest
in every step taken in the forma-
tion and adoption of the Federal
Constitution, 523-4; State sover-
eignty retained by each of the
States, under the articles of the
old confederation, 524; the pream-
ble to the Constitution explained
and its history given, 524-5; gov-
ernment called federal because it
was the result of a compact, 525;
empowered to exercise an agency
only for the benefit of the States,
ib.; can exercise no powers not
delegated by the States, ib.; the
exercise of such powers, null and
void, b.; opinions of 'the Federal-
ist,' of Judge Tilghman, and Chief
Justice Marshall, confirmatory of
this position, quoted, 526-7; what
a State does, when, in the exercise
of her sovereignty, she annuls such
a law, 527; State interposition on-
ly justifiable when the Federal
government usurps powers not
granted, ib.; difference between the
abuse of a delegated and the as-
sumption of an undelegated pow-
er, ib.; Federal Court has control
over the former, not over the lat-
ter, ib.; reflections on the course
pursued by South-Carolina in re-
lation to the tariff law of 1828,
528-9; concluding remarks on the
character of Mr. Calhoun, 530-1.
Correspondence between the Executives
of Virginia and New-York, relative
to the demand of the former on the
latter of the surrender of certain
slave-stealers, 318.
Caldwell Dr., of Louisville, Ky., his
work on Mesmerism, 473.
Criminal Law, Theorie des Lois cri-
minelles, par Brissot de Warville,
388; impulse given by his writings
to the French Revolution, ib.; pre-
vious to that event, subject of cri-
minal jurisprudence had attracted
much attention, 389; penal code
of France characterised by cruelty
and tyranny, ib.; prize offered for
the best essay suggesting reforms
in it, 390; improvements in our
own criminal code suggested by
the work of Brissot, ib.; compre-
hensive arrangement of the sub-
ject by Dr. Franklin, adopted by
Brissot, 391; objects of punish-
ment, prevention and reformation,
not revenge, ib.; theory of the cri-
minal code to be looked for only
in the character of the people, 393;
not so, in this country, but borrow-
ed from the English law, ib.; pun-
ishment by death-its justice con-
sidered, 394; Anacharsis, his opin-
ion on the wars of nations quoted,
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