thrown into prison, where he remained 14 months. When the Pope was restored to power, he had the artist released and advised him to leave Italy forever. He decided upon America as the haven of his exile and arrived in New York in 1852. He at once received recognition and painted an altar piece, "The Crucifixion," for St. Stephen's Church. Later he went to Mexico where he painted "The Holy Trinity" in the cathedral at Mexico City. Upon his return, he secured his naturalization papers in Washington, and there became inspired by the possibilities of the Capitol as adapted to fresco. At his first meeting with Captain Meigs, Superintendent of the Capitol, who was apparently interested in examples of Roman grandeur, Brumidi's services were accepted. His first work was the decoration of the Agricultural Committee room, where he selected as his subject "Cincinnatus at the Plough." This was painted in 1855, being the first example of fresco in America. His work in the Capitol, from then on, extended over 30 years. In the corridors, Washington at Valley Forge, the Battle of Lexington, the death of General Wooster, the storming of Stony Point, and the Boston Massacre, were all graphically portrayed. In the committee rooms, Brumidi painted symbolic figures, typifying history, geography, arts and sciences, mechanics, commerce, and war; also portraits of Robert Fulton, Franklin, Morse, and John Fitch. When he began his work he received only $8 a day; later Jefferson Davis had this increased to $10. The decoration of the rotunda was his great ambition. He knew that the tremendous height and width of the vaulted room would lend themselves to mural decoration, and at every spare moment he worked on the cartoons for the decoration of the canopy and the frieze. The frieze was done in imitation of sculpture, in alto-relievo. The belt upon which the frieze is painted is 100 feet from the floor. When Brumidi began his work on the frieze he was over 70 years old, but he planned and rigged the scaffolding, a sliding affair, and every day the striking figure of the old man, his hair and beard snow white, might be seen being hoisted by a system of pulleys to what he called his shop. He worked from 10 in the morning until 3 in the afternoon, and his descent from the lofty height was an event of the day to the visitors, who watched anxiously the slowly moving ropes until his cage was safely landed. He was 3 years on this work and received $30,000, the only decoration for which he was paid a lump sum. In January 1880 he was taken ill, as the result of a partial fall, and never recovered. The decoration was left unfinished. Brumidi painted many portraits of distinguished men and was painting a portrait of Clay at the time of his death, but he was essentially a decorative artist, knowing well the technical side of his craft: how to draw and paint large figures in distemper on curved plaster surfaces. Many years after his death, original studies of some of his ceiling frescoes were discovered; also paintings which were acquired by distant relatives. Brumidi was twice married before leaving Italy, and late in life he married a Washington woman, said to be a great beauty, Lola V. Germon. He left one son, who also became an artist. H.R. 1162 90TH CONGRESS HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES 2d Session REPORT {No. 1163 CONTINUING CERTAIN CIVIL DEFENSE AUTHORITIES MARCH 11, 1968.-Committed to the Committee of the Whole House on the State of the Union and ordered to be printed Mr. HÉBERT, from the Committee on Armed Services, REPORT [To accompany H.R. 15004] The committee on Armed Services, to whom was referred the bill (H.R. 15004) to further amend the Federal Civil Defense Act of 1950, as amended, to extend the expiration date of certain authorities thereunder, and for other purposes, having considered the same, report favorably thereon and recommend that the bill do pass. PURPOSE OF THE BILL The purpose of the bill is to extend for 4 years three civil defense authorities which would expire on June 30, 1968. These authorities are: (1) The program to provide financial assistance to States for necessary and essential State and local civil defense personnel and administrative expenses; (2) The program to procure and maintain radiological equipment and to donate it to States by loan or grant; and (3) The program to make payments for travel and per diem expenses of trainees at civil defense schools. COMMITTEE VIEWS The committee wishes to point out that this bill will provide no new authorities of any kind nor will it increase the ceiling on expenditures which has been in effect since the authorities were first granted, having previously been extended for a 4-year period in 1964. The bill represents merely a continuation of existing authorities for an additional 4-year period. 90-760 O 74-43 BACKGROUND OF THE BILL The three authorities which were requested for extension were added to the Federal Civil Defense Act by amendments in 1958. The Congress at that time decided that they should not be made permanent as are the other nonemergency authorities set out in the original act but that they should be subjected to periodic review. This is the second review, the first having been conducted 4 years ago. All programs involve some form of assistance for State and local civil defense organizations. Personnel and administrative expense program The principal program involved is the personnel and administrative expense (P. & A.) program. This is the program which permits the Federal Government to match funds for the costs of State and local civil defense staffs provided they qualify under a merit system and have programs consistent with national civil defense policies. Equipment donation and maintenance The second of these programs sought for extension is that granting authority to donate and maintain radiological survey meters and dosimeters to the States for use in training and equipping the radiological monitoring teams and for stocking shelters. Student travel expenses The third program sought for continuance is that relating to paying one-half of the travel expenses of students who attend the civil defense schools. The other half of these travel costs are in some instances paid by the State or local government, but in many other instances are paid for by the trainee himself or his employer. COST AND BUDGET DATA The following table projects (in millions) the estimated cost of the financial assistance programs over the 4-year extension provided by this measure: As originally enacted, the Federal Civil Defense Act of 1950 provided that responsibility for civil defense was to be vested primarily in the several States and their political subdivisions, the Federal contribution being limited basically to "coordination and guidance." It soon became apparent that if civil defense were to become an effective part of the total national defense, a much larger responsibility for its operations would have to be assumed by the Federal Government. In 1958, therefore, there were submitted to the Congress a number of proposed amendments to the Federal Civil Defense Act of 1950. The principal changes were (1) to make the responsibility for civil defense a joint responsibility of the Federal Government and the several States and their political subdivisions, and (2) to provide the means whereby the Federal Government could carry out its new responsibility, one of the principal means being the new section 205 providing for Federal contributions for State and local government personnel and administrative expenses. These proposals received the active support of the Governors' Conference, the American Municipal Association, the U.S. Civil Defense Council, the National Association of State Civil Defense Directors, the American Legion, the AFL-CIO, the National Association of County Officials, and the Council of State Governments. In the statement before the House Armed Services Committee, the general theme in support of the proposals was that this authority for contribution was required if the Federal Government were to carry out its joint responsibility for civil defense, that only in this way could the Federal, State, and local governments combine in the development of a truly national civil defense capability. By this time--1958-it had become apparent that the task of developing an adequate civil defense capability at the local level would require a staff of experienced, trained, full-time specialists, at least in the top echelons of each civil defense organization. At this time it also was apparent that, with but a few exceptions, the States and their political subdivisions had found it impossible to support and maintain, by themselves, such a civil defense staff. Public Law 85-606 The proposed amendments received favorable consideration by the Congress and were enacted into law as Public Law 85-606, dated August 8, 1958. Restriction on use of funds The Congress in granting the authority for Federal contributions for personnel and administrative expenses provided for a number of restrictions on the use of such funds. First, it provided that contributions should be made only on the basis of approved plans which were consistent with the national plan, and that the financial contributions should not exceed one-half of the total cost of such necessary and essential State and local civil defense personnel and administrative expenses. The amendments also provided, among other things (1) That the plans should be in effect in all political subdivisions of the State and mandatory on them; and (2) For the employment of a full-time civil defense director, or deputy director, by the State and for a merit system for civil defense employees. Although the authority for contributions for personnel and administrative expenses was enacted in 1958, funds for its implementation were not appropriated until fiscal year 1961. 1964 REVIEW BY THE HOUSE ARMED SERVICES COMMITTEE The authorities for which extension is requested were originally enacted in 1958 for a 6-year period, scheduled to expire in 1964. The |