Table A.2. Anthropogenic CO2 emissions from fuel combustion, 1990

(Gigagrams and percentage of total by Party)

• Provisional data for emissions from international aircraft ground movements and landing and take-off cycle, as well as coastal shipping were provided during the review and subtracted by the secretariat from the related emission figures in the

Although energy and transformation industries was identified
as the largest source of CO2 emissions from fuel combustion, the
sectoral analysis of CO2 emissions showed important differences
between Parties. For eight Parties emissions from energy and
transformation industries represented 24 to 38 per cent of CO2
emissions from fuel combustion; for five Parties, emissions were
above 38 per cent. For one Party such emissions were even higher
owing to the inclusion of emissions from industry in energy and
transformation industries. For two Parties, energy and
transformation industries represented less than 15 per cent of total
emissions from fuel combustion. This could be explained by the
Parties' reliance on nuclear and hydro-power generation and/or
importation of electricity.

The emission profiles in the industrial sector were more
homogeneous and represented 12 to 28 per cent of emissions from
total fuel combustion for 12 Parties. For one Party this sector was
the largest source of emissions from fuel combustion. For five
Parties, transport was the largest source of fuel combustion
emissions. For most Parties, such emissions represented 16 to 33

UK supplementary submission dated 24 August 1994. • Emissions from energy in agriculture and forestry were not estimated; emissions from energy in the Party's territories are included.

per cent of total emissions from fuel combustion. For one Party
with an economy in transition, transport appears to account for only
5 per cent of fuel combustion emissions (explained by the higher
importance of public transport systems and smaller number of
individual cars). For three Parties, transport represented more than
35 per cent of total emissions and for one Party it was as high as 49
per cent of total emissions. Both cases could be explained by the
lower share of energy and transformation industries.

The definition of residential, commercial/institutional and
other energy (including agriculture and forestry) varied amongst the
Parties. For 10 Parties, the residential category contributed more
to CO2 emissions than commercial/institutional. For nine Parties,
these categories represented more than 11 per cent of fuel
combustion emissions.

The share of "other" was small except in two cases where it
encompassed residential and commercial/institutional emissions and
in one case where it included feedstocks.

Figure A.1. Distribution of CO, emissions by sub-source category

Australia

Austria

Canada

Czech Republic

New Zealand

Norway

Sweden

75 434

-109 802

-34 368

61 256

26 888

Notes

"Emissions from forest clearing and on-site burning.

"Includes sequestration from grassland conversion (-17450 Gg) and managed forests (-8000 Gg).

Category not estimated by the Party, but thought to be small.

• These Parties originally excluded land use change and forestry in their total CO,
estimates. 2

Includes sequestration in wood products (-10000 Gg) which, as recommended by
the IPCC Guidelines, should not be reported as removals unless a net increase in
stocks of forest products can be documented.

Comments

The largest carbon removal and reservoir was reported in the
"managed forests" sub-source/sink category by 13 Parties. For four
Parties, emissions from this sub-source/sink category could also be
identified. Two Parties reported emissions from forest clearing and
on-site burning, and one Party reported emissions from peat
extraction and drainage of wetland and deep peats. Seven Parties
included the land use change and forestry subtotal in their national
CO2 emissions.

Sinks addressed in the communications reviewed also
included grassland management. One Party reported natural sinks
(sedimentation in fresh water and estuaries and forest soils), which
are not considered in the IPCC Guidelines. Many Parties
emphasized the large uncertainty associated with emissions/
removals estimates from forest soils, as well as the difficulty in
estimating and differentiating natural and anthropogenic emissions
and removals. Some Parties might have underestimated their
removals estimates by excluding branches and roots.

Includes CO, emissions from biomass fuels.
Estimate corrected during the review.

*Includes sequestration in wood products (-550 Gg) which, as recommended by the
IPCC Guidelines, should not be reported as removals unless a net increase in
stocks of forest products can be documented.

An estimate of (0 +/- 1883 Gg) from conversion of grasslands to cultivated lands
was also provided but not included in this table.

› Emissions from peat extraction, drainage of wetland and deep peat.

Among the 14 Parties that estimated the land use change and
forestry source/sink category, only one reported net emissions
arising from deliberate burning of biomass used as a land
management tool. A comprehensive analysis of emissions and
removals was unfeasible due to the lack of information reported.
However, for the 13 Parties that reported a net removal, the land
use change and forestry category did not offset the CO2 emissions
(excluding land use change and forestry) by more than seven per
cent. Considering each Party individually, removals offset CO2
emissions (excluding land use change and forestry) by more than 30
per cent for three Parties, by 5 to 12 per cent for four Parties, and
by less than 5 per cent for six Parties.
3385 38

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English

A/AC.237/81