have jurisdiction over more square footage than any other governmental agency. That is the principal reason why they are emphasized in this legislation.

Senator MORGAN. It directs that the guidelines developed by GSA shall apply to all new and existing buildings and related procurement activities under the Administrator's jurisdiction.

Senator HART. Yes.

Senator MORGAN. That is self-explanatory. It directs that each agency shall, to the maximum extent feasible, follow such guidelines in all of its other activities including those involving leased space. I believe you made that clear.

Senator HART. Yes; that is correct.

Senator MORGAN. Point 7 directs the Administrator of GSA and the Secretary of DOD to submit to the Congress, as a part of every prospectus, an energy use analysis with respect to the construction, acquisition, or leasing of any new building to which proposed guidelines are applicable, and to incorporate the findings in the plans and specifications.

In other words, before they come before this committee with a prospectus, the members must have access to an energy use analysis. Senator HART. That is correct.

Senator MORGAN. I think that is good. It directs that an inventory and energy use analysis be made of all existing buildings under GSÅ and DOD jurisdiction, indicating improvements that should be made to utilize the best energy conservation methods, and also the use of solar energy systems. I assume that would take a long time?

Senator HART. I think it would. Mr. Chairman, I don't think that we have calculated within exactly what period of time that would have to be done or could be done feasibly.

Senator MORGAN. I think maybe that is something we may want to develop as we listen to the witnesses in the next few days.

It directs that each Federal agency proposing to construct, acquire, or lease a building shall submit a detailed life cycle energy cost analysis to GSA or DOD.

Senator HART. That is right.

Senator MORGAN. Would that include the U.S. Postal Service, too? Senator HART. Yes; it would. In fact, one section of the bill, section 3(a) (C) has a figure of $10,000 which seems extremely low. This is a figure that I, as the primary sponsor of the legislation, feel is negotiable.

One of the reasons that the figure is so low is to make sure that we include new post offices being constructed. It is my understanding that most post office buildings cost less than $150,000. These are obviously very small buildings, but we want a figure which would bring most of those buildings under the provisions of the act.

Senator MORGAN. Point 10 directs that no Federal agency may purchase any item or equipment having as its purpose the generation and utilization of conservation of energy unless a detailed life cycle energy cost analysis of such item is submitted.

Senator HART. Yes.

Senator MORGAN. This again is to make sure that every agency is concerned about cost.

Point 11 provides that where a construction or rehabilitation cost limitation may be or has been established by law or otherwise, this maximum may be increased if installation of solar energy or other special energy equipment is proposed.

I assume that will take some studying to figure ways and means of finding the money. The idea is not to let energy saving methods be cut off because of spending ceilings.

Senator HART. That is right.

Senator MORGAN. It provides that any excess cost permitted due to installation of solar or special energy devices shall be taken into account in determining the value of the building with respect to all future transactions. I think that is fairly self-explanatory.

It directs GSA and DOD to jointly specify regulations, specifying types of energy equipment that will qualify a building for these benefits and also procedures for computing extra dollar value. I think that is self-explanatory unless you have something.

Senator HART. No; I can't add to that.

Senator MORGAN. It directs that provisions of the act shall apply to federally assisted buildings we talked about, including those involving mortgage guarantees and also postal service buildings and leased space.

I think something we have to decide is how far we plan to go. That is a question we can talk about as we go along.

Point 15 would authorize funds to carry out various provisions of the act but does not, as you stated, give any specific dollar amounts. Maybe later on, during the course of the hearings we may be able to get some better idea.

Senator HART. Yes. I think after hearing additional testimony, particularly from the agencies involved, we could discuss that. Senator MORGAN. Are there any other provisions that come to mind that we might have left out?

Senator HART. I don't think so, Senator Morgan. Here today are two individuals I would like to introduce because they have valuable testimony and are willing to appear in whatever order you wish to

take them.

They are here on behalf of this bill, S. 2095. They are the legislative director and research director of the Sheet Metal Workers' International Association, Mr. Frank Scaduto and Mr. Bernard Monigle. The Association they represent recently commissioned two important studies by the Stanford Research Institute and the Mitre. Corp., which detailed the positive effect a solar heating and cooling industry can have on their profession and our economy in general. They are also familiar with the provisions of this legislation and can contribute valuable information from their technical perspective to your deliberations on this bill.

By way of this introduction and their brief statement, I would like to present them to you. I am happy to have them here in support of this legislation.

Senator MORGAN. Do you plan to sit in at these hearings even though Senator Hart may have to leave?

Mr. SCADUTO. Yes, we do.

Senator MORGAN. Then I would appreciate it, if you will let me get all three bills before the committee first. I think we can follow them better, but I don't want to inconvenience you. If you are going to be here and can come in later to testify, I think that would be most helpful to us.

Senator HART. It is my understanding that these gentlemen have just very brief statements and then are going to present the bulk of their evidence for the record. Is that correct?

Mr. SCADUTO. Yes.

Senator HART. We may be talking about a very brief period of time. Senator MORGAN. If you wish, then we will do that. As I have mentioned many times, my training is in math and chemistry. You have to start with 1, 2, 3 for me. It is hard for me to start in the middle.

Senator HART. I would like your indulgence to be excused to make another appointment. Thank you for your time. I appreciate it.

Senator MORGAN. Gentlemen, since your statement will be short, suppose you go ahead and give it now, provided you will be available. for questioning later on.

STATEMENT OF FRANK SCADUTO, LEGISLATIVE DIRECTOR, AND BERNARD MONIGLE, RESEARCH DIRECTOR, SHEET METAL WORKERS' INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION

Mr. MONIGLE. Thank you. I would like to submit the statement for the record and make a few brief comments at this time. (The statement appears at p. 49.)

The Sheet Metal Workers' International Association has become active in energy conservation and solar energy not only because it makes sense for America's energy needs, because even figuring conservatively, energy saving modification work could put all unemployed sheet metal workers back to work.

At the present time one sheet metal worker in five is unemployed. Many more are working less than full time.

A Federal program to promote energy conservation and the use of solar energy will not only aid in achieving energy independence, but it will help to put Americans back to work. Dollars now being spent on expensive fossil fuels from abroad would be better spent, reducing joblessness by harnessing less expensive, inexhaustive energies at home. As a result of our union's interest in energy conservation, we have taken several steps:

We are educating our membership to the possible impact of energy conservation and solar energy. In the August conference of our union's business agents we devoted nearly 2 days to energy developments and solar energy development and the part our union can play.

Our national training fund, recognized as one of the best of apprenticeship programs, is now conducting a survey to determine if additional courses are needed for the construction of solar hardware.

We commissioned the Stanford Research Institute and the Mitre Corp. to make studies of the impact on the sheet metal industry of solar development and energy conservation.

We have supplied your committee with copies of these reports. We hope that you will find them useful in your work on energy conservation and solar development.1

In conclusion, Mr. Chairman, I would like to say the Sheet Metal Workers' International Association strongly supports S. 2095. Its passage will help achieve the goals of fossil fuel conservation, solar energy development, and new job opportunities for America.

Thank you.

Senator MORGAN. Thank you very much. We will insert your entire statement in the record.

Mr. SCADUTO. I would briefly like to refer to the Mitre study. Also in connection with that study, one circumstance that is of great interest to the Sheet Metal Workers' International is that the emphasis so far has been very heavily on hydraulic systems rather than heated air systems.

We realize that in gathering the data and doing all the research that is going to be necessary in solar energy that you do want to come up with the most effective and the least expensive system.

We would certainly appreciate it if your committee would give serious consideration to what these studies bring forth in connection with solar, air heating and cooling systems.

Thank you very much.

Senator MORGAN. Thank you. Later on, you may add further comments and join in discussions, if you wish.

Mr. SCADUTO. Thank you.

[The prepared statement from the Sheet Metal Workers' International union follows:]

STATEMENT OF THE SHEET METAL WORKERS' INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION

The energy crisis of the last three years, and the spiraling fuel costs which characterize it, have demonstrated the need for energy conservation and solar energy. The current imbalance between the domestic supply and the demand for fuels and energy is likely to continue unless a federal effort is made to test, utilize and promote conservation measures and new forms of energy.

Twenty-four percent of all the energy used in the United States and Canada is consumed in the industries in which Sheet Metal Workers are employed-heating, ventilating, air-conditioning systems and related systems in space heating. The modification of these systems can be accomplished at relatively low cost and make a huge dent in the nation's energy consumption. The Project Independence Blueprint estimates that the equivalent of almost half a billion barrels of oil per year can be saved by 1985 through an accelerated energy conservation program in residential and commercial buildings. Among the energy conservation options: Exchangers to transfer heat from exhaust air, before it goes outside, to incoming fresh air in schools, hospitals, and other buildings where health considerations require a heavy air turnover.

Replacement of constant-volume air circulation systems (which vary temperature, to provide constant comfort level) with variable volume systems (which hold air temperature constant, and vary volume to maintain comfort levels). Installation of heat pumps to perform both the heating and cooling functions at a considerable savings of electricity.

Solar energy is nonpolluting, inexhaustible and can become inexpensive. However, the full potential of solar energy will not be realized until the cost of solar hardware is reduced through mass manufacturing. To increase public demand for solar hardware a program of Federal assistance is necessary. This assistance should include, but not be limited to, income tax credits and loans for homeowners and builders who purchase and install solar equipment, the use of solar equipment

1 The reports referred to may be found in app. A, p. 227.

in buildings financed with Federal funds, direct subsidies to assist in the purchase of solar equipment, and Federal grants and contracts to the research community and manufacturers for the development of solar technology.

The Sheet Metal Workers' International Association has become active in energy conservation and solar energy not only because it makes sense for America's energy needs but because even figured conservatively, energy-saving modifications work could put all unemployed sheet metal workers back to work. At the present time, one sheet metal worker in five is unemployed. Many more are working less than full time.

Energy conservation and the use of solar energy can have a large impact on unemployment. It has been estimated by the Stanford Research Institute that one-fourth of the dollars invested in solar heating and cooling will go to the labor costs of installation. In addition, there will be many jobs created fabricating the collectors, storage tanks, ducting and allied equipment necessary for a solar installation.

A Federal program to promote energy conservation and the use of solar energy will not only aid in achieving energy independence but it will help to put Americans back to work. Dollars now being spent on expensive fossil fuels from abroad would be better spent reducing joblessness by harnessing less expensive, inexhaustive energies at homes.

As a result of our interest in energy conservation our union has taken several steps:

We are educating our membership to the possible impact of energy conservation and solar energy. At an August Conference of our union's business agents we devoted nearly two days to energy developments and the part our union can play.

Our National Training Fund, recognized as one of the best of apprenticeship programs, is now conducting a survey to determine if additional courses are needed for the construction of solar hardware.

We commissioned the Stanford Research Institute and the Mitre Corporation to make studies of the impact on the sheet metal industry of solar development and energy conservation.

We would like to present each member of the committee with copies of these reports.

The Sheet Metal Workers' International Association strongly supports S. 2095, "The Energy Conservation and Solar Energy Federal Buildings Act of 1975". The passage of S. 2095, will help achieve the goals of fossil fuel conservation, solar energy development and new job opportunities for Americans.

Senator MORGAN. Mr. Dennis Bridges? For the record, I believe you have been serving as a consultant to Senator Randolph in the development of his bill.

I am told you are accompanied by Mr. James Wolf, manager of the Washington office of the Trane Co. Are you also with the Trane Co., Mr. Bridges?

Mr. BRIDGES. Yes.

Senator MORGAN. Mr. Bridges, would you care to proceed with an explanation of S. 2045?

STATEMENT OF DENNIS BRIDGES, MANAGER, MARKET DEVELOPMENT, THE TRANE CO., LA CROSSE, WIS., ACCOMPANIED BY JAMES WOLF, MANAGER, THE TRANE CO. WASHINGTON OFFICE Mr. BRIDGES. My name is Dennis Bridges, manager of market development, and with me is James Wolf.

The Trane Co. is a major manufacturer of heating and air-conditioning equipment. We also provide architects and engineers with design support through training, publishing of technical design materials, and more recently, through computer product selection programs, computer design systems, and in computer programs for energy and economic analysis.