Monitoring Ecological ChangeCambridge University Press, 2005 M08 18 The state of ecosystems, biological communities and species are continuously changing as a result of both natural processes and the activities of humans. In order to detect and understand these changes, effective ecological monitoring programmes are required. This book offers an introduction to the topic and provides both a rationale for monitoring and a practical guide to the techniques available. Written in a nontechnical style, the book covers the relevance and growth of ecological monitoring, the organizations and programmes involved, the science of ecological monitoring and an assessment of methods in practice, including many examples from monitoring programmes around the world. Building on the success of the first edition, this edition has been fully revised and updated with two additional chapters covering the relevance of monitoring to the reporting of the state of the environment, and the growth of community based ecological monitoring. |
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Page 1
... surveys and sampling are all methods of data collection that provide a basis for monitoring , that is the systematic measure- ment of variables and processes over time . Census The term census generally refers to population counts ...
... surveys and sampling are all methods of data collection that provide a basis for monitoring , that is the systematic measure- ment of variables and processes over time . Census The term census generally refers to population counts ...
Page 2
... survey monitoring : the absence of an historical record for an environmental problem in a particular area can be replaced by a survey of the current environmental conditions in both the affected area and the area not affected surrogate ...
... survey monitoring : the absence of an historical record for an environmental problem in a particular area can be replaced by a survey of the current environmental conditions in both the affected area and the area not affected surrogate ...
Page 22
... established with much foresight was Hardy's ( 1956 ) continuous plankton recorder study . In 1929 , Hardy proposed to survey and monitor the distribution and movements of plankton in the North 22 Ecological monitoring.
... established with much foresight was Hardy's ( 1956 ) continuous plankton recorder study . In 1929 , Hardy proposed to survey and monitor the distribution and movements of plankton in the North 22 Ecological monitoring.
Page 30
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Page 34
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Contents
1 | |
Environmental monitoring programmes and organizations | 29 |
State of the environment reporting and ecological monitoring | 76 |
Biological spatial scales in ecological monitoring | 114 |
Biological indicators and indices | 152 |
Diversity and similarity indices | 191 |
Planning and designing ecological monitoring | 220 |
Communitybased ecological monitoring | 249 |
Ecological monitoring of species and biological communities | 274 |
Ecological monitoring and environmental impact assessments | 320 |
The 1992 Convention on Biological Diversity | 346 |
References | 366 |
Index | 388 |
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Common terms and phrases
abundance activities Agenda 21 analysis Antarctic Article baseline basis biodiversity biological communities biological diversity biological indicators biomass biotic biotic indices Birds Census calculated census chemical classification community-based Conference conservation and sustainable Contracting Party Convention countries data collection distribution diversity index Earth Summit ecological footprint ecological monitoring ecological monitoring programmes ecosystems effects effluent established ex-situ conservation example fish forest freshwater Global groups habitats human identify impact assessment important indicator species International IUCN land landscape levels lichens living planet index mammals mapping marine measures methods nature conservation number of individuals number of species organisms plant conservation pollution population processes protected areas protocol recording regional sampling saprobic scientific score SoE reports soil species composition species diversity species richness studies survey Table taxa terrestrial total number undertaken UNEP variables water quality wildlife woodland World Zealand
Popular passages
Page 346 - The objectives of this convention, to be pursued in accordance with its relevant provisions, are the conservation of biological diversity, the sustainable use of its components and the fair and equitable sharing of the benefits arising out of the utilization of genetic resources, including by appropriate access to genetic resources and by appropriate transfer of relevant technologies, taking into account all rights over those resources and to technologies, and by appropriate funding.
Page 364 - Convention shall enter into force on the ninetieth day after the date of deposit of the thirtieth instrument of ratification, acceptance approval or accession.
Page 350 - ... respect, preserve and maintain knowledge, innovations and practices of indigenous and local communities embodying traditional lifestyles relevant for the conservation and sustainable use of biological diversity and promote their wider application with the approval and involvement of the holders of such knowledge, innovations and practices...
Page 347 - Sustainable use' means the use of components of biological diversity in a way and at a rate that does not lead to the long-term decline of biological diversity, thereby maintaining its potential to meet the needs and aspirations of present and future generations.