Monitoring Ecological ChangeCambridge University Press, 2005 M08 18 The state of ecosystems, biological communities and species are continuously changing as a result of both natural processes and the activities of humans. In order to detect and understand these changes, effective ecological monitoring programmes are required. This book offers an introduction to the topic and provides both a rationale for monitoring and a practical guide to the techniques available. Written in a nontechnical style, the book covers the relevance and growth of ecological monitoring, the organizations and programmes involved, the science of ecological monitoring and an assessment of methods in practice, including many examples from monitoring programmes around the world. Building on the success of the first edition, this edition has been fully revised and updated with two additional chapters covering the relevance of monitoring to the reporting of the state of the environment, and the growth of community based ecological monitoring. |
From inside the book
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Page 2
... data show decreased levels of pollutants and increased abundance of plant communities , there remains the challenge of demonstrating cause and effect . 40 40 Box 1.1 Examples of ecological monitoring Example A 2 Ecological monitoring.
... data show decreased levels of pollutants and increased abundance of plant communities , there remains the challenge of demonstrating cause and effect . 40 40 Box 1.1 Examples of ecological monitoring Example A 2 Ecological monitoring.
Page 4
... Plant species dominance at ambient and elevated CO2 in plots of differing plant species diversity . ( With permission from Niklaus et al . , 2001. ) The third example describes some experiments with planted grassland com- munities and ...
... Plant species dominance at ambient and elevated CO2 in plots of differing plant species diversity . ( With permission from Niklaus et al . , 2001. ) The third example describes some experiments with planted grassland com- munities and ...
Page 13
... plant species . The 1980 CCAMLR resulted in some ecological monitoring programmes . In September 1988 , there was a landmark in the reporting on change in Antarctic ecosystems . The fifth of a series of symposia held under the auspices ...
... plant species . The 1980 CCAMLR resulted in some ecological monitoring programmes . In September 1988 , there was a landmark in the reporting on change in Antarctic ecosystems . The fifth of a series of symposia held under the auspices ...
Page 16
... plant monitoring . The importance of long - term ecological studies was again the focus of atten- tion in the USA in 1984 and in 1987. In 1984 , Likens set up a committee to gather information about existing long - term studies in ...
... plant monitoring . The importance of long - term ecological studies was again the focus of atten- tion in the USA in 1984 and in 1987. In 1984 , Likens set up a committee to gather information about existing long - term studies in ...
Page 17
... plants etc. ) and input from scientists , community groups and schools . In New Zealand , a symposium was held in 1988 on environmental monitor- ing with emphasis on protected natural areas . Time and time again , speakers at that ...
... plants etc. ) and input from scientists , community groups and schools . In New Zealand , a symposium was held in 1988 on environmental monitor- ing with emphasis on protected natural areas . Time and time again , speakers at that ...
Contents
1 | |
Environmental monitoring programmes and organizations | 29 |
State of the environment reporting and ecological monitoring | 76 |
Biological spatial scales in ecological monitoring | 114 |
Biological indicators and indices | 152 |
Diversity and similarity indices | 191 |
Planning and designing ecological monitoring | 220 |
Communitybased ecological monitoring | 249 |
Ecological monitoring of species and biological communities | 274 |
Ecological monitoring and environmental impact assessments | 320 |
The 1992 Convention on Biological Diversity | 346 |
References | 366 |
Index | 388 |
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Common terms and phrases
abundance activities Agenda 21 analysis Antarctic Article baseline basis biodiversity biological communities biological diversity biological indicators biomass biotic biotic indices Birds Census calculated census chemical classification community-based Conference conservation and sustainable Contracting Party Convention countries data collection distribution diversity index Earth Summit ecological footprint ecological monitoring ecological monitoring programmes ecosystems effects effluent established ex-situ conservation example fish forest freshwater Global groups habitats human identify impact assessment important indicator species International IUCN land landscape levels lichens living planet index mammals mapping marine measures methods nature conservation number of individuals number of species organisms plant conservation pollution population processes protected areas protocol recording regional sampling saprobic scientific score SoE reports soil species composition species diversity species richness studies survey Table taxa terrestrial total number undertaken UNEP variables water quality wildlife woodland World Zealand
Popular passages
Page 346 - The objectives of this convention, to be pursued in accordance with its relevant provisions, are the conservation of biological diversity, the sustainable use of its components and the fair and equitable sharing of the benefits arising out of the utilization of genetic resources, including by appropriate access to genetic resources and by appropriate transfer of relevant technologies, taking into account all rights over those resources and to technologies, and by appropriate funding.
Page 364 - Convention shall enter into force on the ninetieth day after the date of deposit of the thirtieth instrument of ratification, acceptance approval or accession.
Page 350 - ... respect, preserve and maintain knowledge, innovations and practices of indigenous and local communities embodying traditional lifestyles relevant for the conservation and sustainable use of biological diversity and promote their wider application with the approval and involvement of the holders of such knowledge, innovations and practices...
Page 347 - Sustainable use' means the use of components of biological diversity in a way and at a rate that does not lead to the long-term decline of biological diversity, thereby maintaining its potential to meet the needs and aspirations of present and future generations.