Schwarzkopf, Florian (1985). Lime Burning Technology. June 1985 (2nd Edition), Table 2.

USDA (1994a) Field Crops, Final Estimates 1987-1992. National Agricultural Statistics Service, Agricultural Statistics Board, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Washington, D.C. USDA (1994b) Natural Resources Inventory Digital Data. Natural Resources Conservation Service, Washington, D.C. USDA (1998) Field Crops, Final Estimates 1992-1997. National Agricultural Statistics Service, Agricultural Statistics Board, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Washington, D.C. USDA (1999a) Cattle, U.S. Department of Agriculture, National Agriculture Statistics Service, Washington, D.C. July 16, 1999.

USDA (1999b) Cattle on Feed 1995-1998. U.S. Department of Agriculture, National Agriculture Statistics Service, Washington, D.C.

USDA (1999c) Cattle, Final Estimates 1994-1998. U.S. Department of Agriculture, National Agriculture Statistics Service, Washington, D.C.

USDA (1999d) Hogs and Pigs. U.S. Department of Agriculture, National Agriculture Statistics Service, Washington, D.C. March 26, 1999 (June 25, 1999).

USDA (1999e) Hogs and Pigs. U.S. Department of Agriculture, National Agriculture Statistics Service, Washington, D.C. June 25, 1999.

USDA (1999f) Hogs and Pigs, Final Estimates 1993-97. US Department of Agriculture, National Agriculture Statistics Service, Washington, D.C. 1999.

USDA (1999g) Livestock Slaughter. U.S. Department of Agriculture, National Agriculture Statistics Service, Washington, D.C. January 22, 1999.

USDA (1999h) Milk Cows and Milk Production-Final Estimates 1993-1997. U.S. Department of Agriculture, National Agriculture Statistics Service, Washington, D.C. January 19, 1999.

USDA (19991) Poultry Production and Value, Final Estimates 1994-97. U.S. Department of Agriculture, National Agriculture Statistics Service, Washington, D.C., 1999. USDA (1999) Poultry Production and Value Summary. US Department of Agriculture, National Agriculture Statistics Service, Washington, D.C. April 29, 1999. USDA (1999k) Layers and Egg Production Annual. U.S. Department of Agriculture, National Agriculture Statistics Service, Washington, D.C. January 30, 1995 (January 31, 1996; January 31, 1997; January 29, 1998; January 28, 1999).

USDA (1999L) Turkeys, Final Estimates by State and United States, 1994-97. U.S. Department of Agriculture, National Agriculture Statistics Service, Washington, D.C., 1999.

USDA (1999m) Turkeys. U.S. Department of Agriculture, National Agriculture Statistics Service, Washington, D.C. January 15, 1999.

USDA (1999n) Sheep and Goats, Final Estimates 199498. U.S. Department of Agriculture, National Agriculture Statistics Service, Washington, D.C., 1999.

USDA (19990) 1997 Census of Agriculture. U.S. Department of Agriculture, National Agriculture Statistics Service, Washington, D.C.

USGS (1999) Mineral Industry Surveys: Crushed Stone and Sand and Gravel in the First Quarter of 1999. U.S. Geological Survey, Reston, VA.

Energy

Carbon Dioxide Emissions from Fossil
Fuel Combustion

BEA (1998) Unpublished BE-36 survey data. Bureau of
Economic Analysis (BEA), U.S. Department of Commerce.
Bechtel (1993) A Modified EPRI Class II Estimate for
Low NO, Burner Technology Retrofit. Prepared for Ra-
dian Corporation by Bechtel Power, Gaithersburg,
Maryland. April.

DESC (1999) Unpublished data from the Defense Fuels Automated Management System (DFAMS), Defense Energy Support Center, Defense Logistics Agency, U.S. Department of Defense, Washington, D.C.

DOC (1998) Unpublished "Report of Bunker Fuel Oil Laden on Vessels Cleared for Foreign Countries". Form563, Foreign Trade Division, Bureau of the Census, U.S. Department of Commerce.

DOE and EPA (1999) Report to the President on Carbon Dioxide Emissions from the Generation of Electric Power in the United States, U.S. Department of Energy and U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 15 October.

DOE (1998) Transportation Energy Data Book. Office of Transportation Technologies, Edition 18, Table 2.6 Center for Transportation Analysis, Energy Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, ORNL-6941.

DOE (1997) Transportation Energy Data Book. Office of Transportation Technologies, Edition 17, Table 2.9 Center for Transportation Analysis, Energy Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, ORNL-6919.

DOE (1996) Transportation Energy Data Book. Office of Transportation Technologies, Edition 16, Table 2.10, Center for Transportation Analysis, Energy Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, ORNL-6898.

DOE (1995) Transportation Energy Data Book. Office of Transportation Technologies, Edition 15, Table 2.7. Center for Transportation Analysis, Energy Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, ORNL-6865.

DOE (1994) Transportation Energy Data Book. Office of Transportation Technologies, Edition 14, Table 2.6 & 2.7. Center for Transportation Analysis, Energy Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, ORNL-6798. DOE (1993) Transportation Energy Data Book. Office of Transportation Technologies, Edition 13, Table 2.7. Center for Transportation Analysis, Energy Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, ORNL-6743.

DOT/BTS (1998) Fuel Cost and Consumption, Federal Aviation Administration, U.S. Department of Transportation, Bureau of Transportation Statistics, Washington, DC, DAI-10.

EIA (1999a) Annual Energy Review 1998. Energy Information Administration, U.S. Department of Energy, Washington, DC. July, DOE/EIA- 0384(98)-annual.

EIA (1999b) Electric Power Annual 1997, Volume I. Energy Information Administration, U.S. Department of Energy, Washington, DC, DOE/EIA-0348(97)/1-annual. EIA (1999c) Emissions of Greenhouse Gases in the United States 1998. Energy Information Administration, U.S. Department of Energy, Washington, DC. Draft. October 5, 1999, DOE/EIA-0535(98)-annual.

EIA (1999d) Fuel Oil and Kerosene Sales 1998. Energy Information Administration, U.S. Department of Energy, Washington, DC, DOE/EIA-0535(98)-annual.

EIA (1999d) International Energy Annual 1996. Energy Information Administration, U.S. Department of Energy, Washington, DC, DOE/EIA-0219(96)-annual.

EIA (1999e) Monthly Energy Review. Energy Information Administration, U.S. Department of Energy, Washington, DC. July, DOE/EIA- 0035(98)-monthly. EIA (1998) U.S. Coal Supply and Demand: 1997 Review: by B.D. Hong. Energy Information Administration, U.S. Department of Energy, Washington, DC.

EIA (1997) Manufacturing Consumption of Energy 1994, DOE/EIA-0512(94), Energy Information Administration, U.S. Department of Energy, Washington, DC, December.

IPCC/UNEP/OECD/IEA (1997) Revised 1996 IPCC Guidelines for National Greenhouse Gas Inventories, Paris: Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, United Nations Environment Programme, Organization

for Economic Co-Operation and Development, International Energy Agency.

Marland, G. and A. Pippin (1990) “United States Emissions of Carbon Dioxide to the Earth's Atmosphere by Economic Activity". Energy Systems and Policy, 14(4):323.

Stationary Source Fossil Fuel
Combustion (excluding CO2)

EIA (1999a) Annual Energy Review 1997. Energy Information Administration, U.S. Department of Energy, Washington, DC, DOE/EIA-0384(98)-annual.

EIA (1999b) Monthly Energy Review. Energy Information Administration, U.S. Department of Energy, Washington, DC. July. DOE/EIA- 0035(98)-monthly.

EPA (1999) National Air Pollutant Emissions Trends, 1900-1998. Emission Factors and Inventory Group, Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards, EPA. Research Triangle Park, NC.

IPCC/UNEP/OECD/IEA (1997) Revised 1996 IPCC Guidelines for National Greenhouse Gas Inventories, Paris: Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, United Nations Environment Programme, Organization for Economic Co-Operation and Development, International Energy Agency.

Mobile Source Fossil Fuel Combustion (excluding CO2)

Barton, Peter and Jackie Simpson (1994) "The effects of aged catalysts and cold ambient temperatures on nitrous oxide emissions." Mobile Source Emissions Division (MSED), Environment Canada, MSED Report #94-21. BEA (1999) Unpublished BE-36 survey data, Bureau of Economic Analysis (BEA), U.S. Department of Commerce. Dasch, Jean Muhlbaler (1992) Journal of the Air and Waste Management Association. "Nitrous Oxide Emissions from Vehicles," 42(1):63-67, January.

DESC (1999) Unpublished data from the Defense Fuels Automated Management System (DFAMS), Defense Energy Support Center, Defense Logistics Agency, U.S. Department of Defense, Washington, D.C.

DOC (1999) "Report of Bunker Fuel Oil Laden on Vessels Cleared for Foreign Countries," Form-563, Foreign Trade Division, Bureau of the Census, US Department of Commerce. (Unpublished)

DOT/BTS (1998) Fuel Cost and Consumption. Federal Aviation Administration, U.S. Department of Transpor tation, Washington, DC, monthly reports, DAI-10.

EIA (1999a) Annual Energy Review. Energy Information Administration, U.S. Department of Energy. Washington, D.C. July, DOE/EIA-0384(98).

EIA (1999b) Fuel Oil and Kerosene Sales 1998. Energy Information Administration, U.S. Department of Energy, Washington, DC, DOE/EIA-0535(98)-annual.

EPA (1999) National Air Pollutant Emissions Trends, 19001998. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Emission Factors and Inventory Group, Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards, EPA. Research Triangle Park, NC. EPA (1998) Emissions of Nitrous Oxide from Highway Mobile Sources: Comments on the Draft Inventory of U.S. Greenhouse Gas Emissions and Sinks, 1990-1996. Office of Mobile Sources, Assessment and Modeling Division, August, EPA420-R-98-009. (Available on the internet at http://www.epa.gov/oms/climate.htm) EPA (1997) Mobile Source Emission Factor Model (MOBILE5a). U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Mobile Sources, EPA. Ann Arbor, Michigan. FAA (1999) FAA Aviation Forecast, Fiscal Years 19982000. Federal Aviation Administration, U.S. Department of Transportation, Washington, DC. Table 25: General Aviation Aircraft Fuel Consumption. (Available on the internet at http://api.hq.faa.gov/forca98/fortab2.htm] FHWA (1999) Draft 1998 Highway Statistics. Federal Highway Administration, U.S. Department of Transportation. Washington, DC, report FHWA-PL-96-023-annual. IPCC/UNEP/OECD/IEA (1997) Revised 1996 IPCC Guidelines for National Greenhouse Gas Inventories, Paris: Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, United Nations Environment Programme, Organization for Economic Co-Operation and Development, International Energy Agency.

Marland, G. and A. Pippin (1990) ?United States Emissions of Carbon Dioxide to the Earth's Atmosphere by Economic Activity," Energy Systems and Policy, 14(4):323.

Prigent, Michael and Gerard De Soete (1989) "Nitrous oxide N2O in engines exhaust gases a first appraisal of catalyst impact," Society of Automotive Engineers, SAE Paper 890492.

Smith, Lawrence R. and Penny M. Carey (1982) "Characterization of exhaust emissions from high mileage catalyst-equipped automobiles," Society of Automotive Engineers, SAE Paper 820783.

Urban, Charles M. and Robert J. Garbe (1980) “Exhaust Emissions from Malfunctioning Three-Way CatalystEquipped Automobiles," Society of Automotive Engineers, SAE Paper 79696.

Weaver, Christopher S. and Lit-Mian Chan (1996) "Mobile source emission factors for global warming gases," Draft Final Report, 24 June, submitted to ICF, Inc. by Engine, Fuel, and Emissions Engineering, Inc., Sacramento, CA.

Coal Mining

EPA (1993) Anthropogenic Methane Emissions in the United States: Estimates for 1990, Report to Congress. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Air and Radiation, April.

EIA (1999) Coal Industry Annual 1991-1999. U.S. Department of Energy, Energy Information Administration, Washington, DC., Table 3.

Natural Gas Systems

AGA (1998) Gas Facts 1990-1998. American Gas Association, Washington, D.C.

AGA (1999) Personal Communication with Paul Pierson (telephone: 202-824-7133). American Gas Association, Washington, DC.

DOI (1997) Offshore Development Activity U.S. Department of Interior, Minerals Management Service Internet site. (Available on the Internet at <http:// www.mms.gov>.)

DOI (1998, 1999) Personal Communication with Mary Hoover (telephone: 703-787-1028), Minerals Management Service, U.S. Department of Interior, Washington, DC. EIA (1998) Natural Gas Annual 1997. Energy Information Administration, U.S. Department of Energy. DOE/ EIA-0131(98). Washington, DC. (Available on the Internet at http://www.eia.doe.gov.)

EIA (1999) Natural Gas Monthly July 1999, Energy Information Administration, U.S. Department of Energy DOE/EIA-0130(99/07). Washington, DC. (Available on the Internet at <http://www.eia.doc.gov>.)

EPA/GRI (1996) Methane Emissions from the Natural Gas Industry, Volume 1: Executive Summary. Prepared by Harrison, M., T. Shires, J. Wessels, and R. Cowgill, eds., Radian International LLC for National Risk Management Research Laboratory, Air Pollution Prevention and Control Division, Research Triangle Park, NC, EPA600/R-96-080a.

GSAM (1997) Gas Systems Analysis Model. Federal Energy Technology Center, U.S. Department of Energy. Washington, D.C.

IPAA (1999) The Oil & Gas Producing Industry in Your State 1990-1999. Independent Petroleum Association of America.

OPS (2000) Personal Communication with Roger Little (202-266-4595), Office of Pipeline Safety, Department of Transportation, Washington, DC.

Petroleum Systems

API (1996) Calculation Workbook for Oil and Gas Production Equipment Fugitive Emissions. American Petroleum Institute; Publication No. 4638.

API (1997 and 1999) Basic Petroleum Data Book. American Petroleum Institute, Washington, DC.

API and GRI. E&P Tank Software Package, Version 1.0. CAPP (1992) A Detailed Inventory of CH, and VOC Emissions From Upstream Oil & Gas Operations in Alberta. Canadian Association of Petroleum Producers, Canada. Vols. 1-3. March 1992.

CAPP (1993) Options for Reducing Methane and VOC Emissions from Upstream Oil & Gas Operations. Canadian Association of Petroleum Producers, Canada.

DOS (1997) Climate Action Report: 1997 Submission of the United States of America Under the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change. U.S. Department of State, Washington, DC.

Doud, Ted. Personal communication. Pipeline Systems Incorporated, Walnut Creek, California.

EIA (1995) U.S. Crude Oil, Natural Gas, and Natural Gas Liquids Reserves, Annual Report 1990-1997. Energy Information Administration, U.S. Department of Energy, Washington, DC.

EIA (1996) Emissions of Greenhouse Gases in the United States 1995. Energy Information Administration, U.S. Department of Energy, Washington, DC.

EIA (1997) Monthly Energy Review. Energy Information Administration, U.S. Department of Energy, Washington, DC. (Available on the Internet at <www.eia.doc.gov/emeu/mer>)

EIA (1998) Petroleum Supply Annual 1990-1998 Energy Information Administration, U.S. Department of Energy, Washington, DC.

Energy Resources Company (1977) Atmospheric Emissions from Offshore Oil and Gas Production and Development. Prepared for EPA. June 1977.

Entropy Limited (1989) Aboveground Storage Tank Survey. Prepared for the American Petroleum Institute. April 1989. EPA (1993a) Anthropogenic Methane Emissions in the US: Estimates for 1990, Report to Congress. Office of Air and Radiation, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.

EPA (1993b) Opportunities to Reduce Anthropogenic Methane Emissions in the United States, Report to Congress. Office of Air and Radiation, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.

EPA (1995) Compilation of Air Pollution Emission Factors. Office of Air and Radiation, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, North Caro

lina. AP-42.

EPA (1996) Best Management Practice III. Natural Gas STAR 1996 Workshop and Implementation Guide, Office of Air and Radiation, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.

EPA (1997) Installing Vapor Recovery Units on Crude Oil Storage Tanks. Natural Gas STAR Program, draft Lessons Learned. Office of Air and Radiation, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.

EPA (1999) Estimates of Methane Emissions from the U.S. Oil Industry (Draft Report). Office of Air and Radiation, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC. Gallagher, Terry. 1999. Personal Communication. Chicago Bridge and Iron. July 1999.

ICF Kaiser International (1996) Estimation of Activity Factors for the Natural Gas Exploration and Production Industry in the United States. Prepared for the Environmental Protection Agency. August 1996.

MMS (1995) Gulf of Mexico Air Quality Study. Final Report. Minerals Management Service, U.S. Department of the Interior, Washington, DC.

MMS (1999) Personal communication on 8/31/99. Minerals Management Service, U.S. Department of the Interior, New Orleans, LA.

ODS (1999) Personal communication on 9/21/99. Offshore Data Services, Houston, TX.

OGJ (1998a) Oil and Gas Journal 1990-1998, Pipeline Economics Issue, late August.

OGJ (1998b) Oil and Gas Journal 1990-1998, Worldwide Refining Issue, late December.

Pipeline Systems Incorporated (1989) Annual Methane Emission Estimate of the Natural Gas and Petroleum Systems in the US. Prepared for ICF Incorporated, Washington, DC.

Radian (1977) Revision of Emission Factors for Petroleum Refining. Prepared for EPA. October 1977.

Radian (1992) Global Emissions of Methane from Petroleum Sources (#DR 140). Prepared for American Petroleum Institute, Washington, DC.

Radian (1996a) Methane Emissions from the Natural Gas Industry, V7: Blow and Purge Activities. Prepared for the Gas Research Institute and EPA. April 1996.

Radian (19966) Methane Emissions from the Natural Gas Industry, VII: Compressor Driver Exhaust. Prepared for GRI and EPA. April 1996.

Radian (1996c) Methane Emissions from the Natural Gas Industry, V12: Pneumatic Devices. Prepared for GRI and EPA. April 1996.

Radian (1996d) Methane Emissions from the Natural Gas Industry, V13: Chemical Injection Pumps. Prepared for GRI and EPA. April 1996.

Radian (1996e) Methane Emissions from the US Petroleum Industry. Draft. Prepared for EPA. June 1996. Radian (1996f) Methane and Carbon Dioxide Emissions Estimate From U.S. Petroleum Sources. Prepared for API. July 1996.

Rayman, Ron (1997) Personal communication. Dresser Texsteam, Houston, Texas (manufacturer of chemical injection pumps).

Star Environmental (1993) Fugitive Hydrocarbon Emissions from Oil and Gas Production Operations. Prepared for API API Document No 4589. December 1993.

Star Environmental (1994) Emission Factors for Oil & Gas Operations. Prepared for API. API Document No. 4615. December 1994.

Star Environmental (1996) Calculation Workbook for Oil and Gas Production Equipment Fugitive Emissions. Prepared for API. API Document No. 4638. July 1996. True, Warren R. "U.S. Pipelines Continue Gains into 1996." Oil & Gas Journal, 25 November 1996: 39-58. United States Army Corps of Engineers (1995, 1996, and 1997) Waterborne Commerce of the United States 1995, Part 5: National Summaries. U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, Washington, DC.

Natural Gas Flaring and Criteria
Pollutant Emissions from Oil and Gas
Activities

Barns, D. and Edmonds, J. (1990) “An Evaluation of the Relationship Between the Production and Use of Energy and Atmospheric Methane Emissions." DOE/NBB0088P. Pacific Northwest Laboratory. Richland, WA. EIA (1999) Natural Gas Annual 1998, DOE/EIA 0131(99)-annual, Energy Information Administration, U.S. Department of Energy, Washington, DC.

EPA (1999) National Air Pollutant Emissions Trends, 1900-1998. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Emission Factors and Inventory Group, Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards. Research Triangle Park, NC.

International Bunker Fuels

USAF (1998) U.S. Air Force document AFPAM23-221, May 1, 1998.

BEA (1999) Unpublished BE-36 survey data, Bureau of Economic Analysis (BEA), U.S. Department of Commerce. DESC (1999) Unpublished data from the Defense Fuels Automated Management System (DFAMS), Defense Energy Support Center, Defense Logistics Agency, U.S. Department of Defense, Washington, D.C.

DOC (1998) Unpublished "Report of Bunker Fuel Oil Laden on Vessels Cleared for Foreign Countries," Form563, Foreign Trade Division, Bureau of the Census, U.S. Department of Commerce.

DOT/BTS (1999) Fuel Cost and Consumption, monthly reports, DAI-10, Federal Aviation Administration, U.S. Department of Transportation, Washington, DC.

EIA (1999) Annual Energy Review, DOE/EIA-0384(98). Energy Information Administration, U.S. Department of Energy. Washington, D.C. July.

EPA (1998) National Air Pollutant Emission Trends Procedures Document, Sections 1, 4, and 6, 1985-1996, Projections 1999-2010, Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, EPA454/R-98-008, June 1998.

EPA (1999) National Air Pollutant Emissions Trends, 1900-1998. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Emission Factors and Inventory Group, Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards. Research Triangle Park, NC. IPCC (1999) Aviation and the Global Atmosphere, Published for the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, Cambridge, UK.

IPCC/UNEP/OECD/IEA (1997) Revised 1996 IPCC Guidelines for National Greenhouse Gas Inventories, Paris: Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, United Nations Environment Programme, Organization for Economic Co-Operation and Development, International Energy Agency.

NASA (1996) Scheduled Civil Aircraft Emission Inventories for 1992: Database Development and Analysis, Prepared for Langley Research Center, NASA Contractor Report # 4700, April.

Wood Biomass and Ethanol
Consumption

EIA (1999) Annual Energy Review. Energy Information Administration, U.S. Department of Energy. Washington, D.C. July. Tables 10.2 and Tables 10.3. DOE/EIA0384(98).