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Related Links

General Internet References (Continued) International Institute for Sustainable Development. www.jisd.org

Natural Resources Defense Council, Global Warming. www.nrdc.org/globalWarming

Organazation for Economic Cooperation and
Development.

www.oecd.org/env/

Pew Center on Climate Change.

www.pewclimate.org

Resources for the Future.

www.rff.org

Weathervane, Digital Forum on Global Climate Policy. www.weathervane.rff.org

Union of Concerned Scientists.

www.ucsusa.org

United Nations Development Program. www.undp.org

United Nations Environment Programme. www.unep.ch

United Nations Environment Programme, Ozone Secretariat (Montreal Protocol). www.unep.ch/ozone/home.htm

United Nations Food and Agriculture Program. www.fao.org

United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change.

www.unfccc.de

U.S. Agency for International Development. www.usaid.gov

U.S. Country Studies Program.
www.gcrio.org/CSP/webpage.html

U.S. Department of Agriculture, Global Change
Program Office.

www.usda.gov/oce/gcpo/

U.S. Department of Energy. Environmental Quality. www.energy.gov/environ/

Climate Challenge Program. www.eren.doe.gov/climatechallenge/

National Institute for Global Environment Change. http://nigec.ucdavis.edu

U.S. Department of State, Climate Change Homepage. www.state.gov/www/global/global_issues/climate/

index.html

U.S. Energy Information Administration. www.eia.doe.gov

U.S. Energy Information Administration, Greenhouse Gas Emissions and Climate Change Publications. www.eia.doe.gov/env/ghg.html

U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Global Warming Homepage. www.epa.gov/globalwarming/

U.S. Geological Survey, Global Change Research. http://geochange.er.usgs.gov

U.S. Global Change Research Office. http://gcrio.gcrio.org

U.S. Global Change Research Program. www.usgcrp.gov

U.S. Initiative on Joint Implementation. www.gcrio.org/usiji/

U.S. National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA), Global Change Master Directory. http://gcmd.gsfc.nasa.gov

U.S. National Oceanographic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), Office of Global Programs. www.ogp.noaa.gov

U.S. White House, Initiative on Global Climate
Change.

www.whitehouse.gov/Initiatives/Climate/main.html

World Bank Climate Change Web Site. www-esd.worldbank.org/cc/

World Health Organization, Protection of the Human Environment. www.who.int/peh/

World Meteorological Organization. www.wmo.ch

World Resources Institute. www.wri.org

Worldwatch Institute. www.worldwatch.org

World Wildlife Fund, Climate Change Campaign. www.panda.org/climate/

Acid stabilization: A circumstance where the pH of the waste mixture in an animal manure management system is maintained near 7 0, optimal conditions for methane production.

Aerobic bacteria: Microorganisms living, active, or occurring only in the presence of oxygen.

Aerobic decomposition: The breakdown of a molecule into simpler molecules or atoms by microorganisms under favorable conditions of oxygenation.

Aerosols: Airborne particles

Afforestation: Planting of new forests on lands that have not been recently forested.

Agglomeration: The clustering of disparate elements.

Airshed: An area or region defined by settlement patterns or geology that results in discrete atmospheric conditions.

Albedo: The fraction of incident light or electromagnetic radiation that is reflected by a surface or body. See PlaneLary albedo.

Anaerobes: Organisms that live and are active only in the absence of oxygen.

Anaerobic bacteria: Microorganisms living, active, or occurring only in the absence of oxygen.

Anaerobic decomposition: The breakdown of molecules into simpler molecules or atoms by microorganisms that can survive in the partial or complete absence of oxygen.

Anaerobic lagoon: A liquid-based manure management system, characterized by waste residing in water to a depth of at least six feet for a period ranging between 30 and 200 days.

Anode: A positive electrode, as in a battery, radio tube,

etc.

Anthracite: The highest rank of coal; used primarily for residential and commercial space heating. It is a hard, brittle, and black lustrous coal, often referred to as hard coal, containing a high percentage of fixed carbon and a low percentage of volatile matter. The moisture content of fresh-mined anthracite generally is less than 15 percent The heat content of anthracite ranges from 22 to 28

million Btu per ton on a moist, mineral-matter-free basis. The heat content of anthracite coal consumed in the United States averages 25 million Btu per ton, on the as-received basis (ie., containing both inherent moisture and mineral matter). Note: Since the 1980's, anthracite refuse or mine waste has been used for steam electric power generation. This fuel typically has a heat content of 15 million Btu per ton or less

Anthropogenic: Made or generated by a human or caused by human activity. The term is used in the context of global climate change to refer to gaseous errus sions that are the result of human activities, as well as other potentially climate-altering activities, such as deforestation.

API Gravity: A scale expressing the density of petroleum products as established by the American Petroleum Institute.

Asphalt: A dark brown to black cement-like matenal obtained by petroleum processing, containing bitumens as the predominant constituents. Includes crude asphalt as well as the following finished products: cements, the asphalt content of emulsions (exclusive of water), and petroleum distillates blended with asphalt to make cutback asphalts.

Associated gas: Natural gas found mixed with crude oil in underground reservoirs, released as a byproduct of oil production.

Aviation gasoline (finished): A complex mixture of rel atively volatile hydrocarbons with or without small quantities of additives, blended to form a fuel suitable for use in aviation reciprocating engines. Fuel specifications are provided in ASTM Specification D 910 and Military Specification MIL-G-5572. Note: Data on blending components are not counted in data on finished aviation gasoline.

Balancing item: A measurement of the difference between the reported amount of natural gas produced and the reported amount consumed.

Biofuels: Organic materials, such as wood, waste, and alcohol fuels, burned for energy purposes.

Biogas: The gas produced from the anaerobic decompo sition of organic material in a landfill.

Biogenic: Produced by the actions of living organisms.