intimidation to ask State employees to further swear and affirm their political affiliations. On the other hand I sympathized with those who opposed the ne loyalty affidavit so I chose to resign in protest.

Since that time I have had cause to reflect and though I still disagree with the philosophy of the law; nevertheless, I believe it was an error on my par to sacrifice a teaching career for such a vain protest. I believe also that resis nation with such short notice works an unusual hardship on any school systen and that I gave insufficient consideration to this factor in my action.

I do not want to any longer disqualify myself from teaching in this state and I therefore state that I will sign the oaths and affidavits as required br school systems in which I may apply in the future.

I hope that my credential will be renewed and that I can resume status as a teacher in the public schools of this state.

Is that a correct reading of a statement signed by yourself, Ralph K. Johnsen, on September 17, 1958?

(The document was handed to the witness.)

Mr. JOHNSEN. Yes, sir.

(Document marked "Ralph Johnsen Exhibit No. 1" and retained in committee files.)

Mr. ARENS. In this statement you say that certain things have inter vened since then, "A number of factors were involved in my refusal to sign."

Was there any factor involved in your refusal to sign the loyalty affidavit prior to September 17, 1958, which you have not revealed in this statement "To Whom It May Concern"?

(The witness conferred with his counsel.)

Mr. JOHNSEN. May I have clarification on that?
Mr. ARENS. Yes. Perhaps it isn't clear.

In your statement which you signed on September 17, 1958, you are giving an explanation as to why you refused to sign the loyalty oath prior to that date. In this letter of explanation, you say the reason why you refused to sign was that you didn't want to contribute to hysteria, that you didn't agree with the concepts of the law, and it was all intimidation, and that you therefore chose to resign in protest.

I am just asking you if there might have been some other element which contributed to your refusal to sign the loyalty affidavit which you didn't reveal in this statement.

(The witness conferred with his counsel.)

Mr. JOHNSEN. I can say that those are the only things that motivated me.

Mr. ARENS. Were you a member of the Communist Party at the time you resigned and refused to sign the loyalty affidavit?

Mr. JOHNSEN. I stand on my constitutional rights and refuse to answer that question, sir; the fifth amendment.

Mr. ARENS. Did you resign membership in the Communist Party after you refused to sign the loyalty oath and before you did sign the loyalty oath on December 18, 1958?

(The witness conferred with his counsel.)

Mr. JOHNSEN. I would like to refuse to answer that question.

Mr. ARENS. I respectfully suggest that will conclude the staff interrogation of this witness.

Mr. WILLIS. The witness is excused.

Call your next witness.

Mr. ÅRENS. The next witness, please, Mr. Chairman, will be Doris

Dawson.

Please come forward and remain standing while the chairman administers an oath.

Mr. WILLIS. Please raise your right hand. Do you solemnly swear that the testimony you are about to give will be the truth, the whole truth, and nothing but the truth, so help you God?

Mrs. DAWSON. I do.

TESTIMONY OF DORIS DAWSON, ACCOMPANIED BY COUNSEL, JOSEPH F. LEWIS

Mr. ARENS. Kindly identify yourself by name, residence, and occupation.

Mrs. DAWSON. My name is Doris Dawson. I live in Los Altos, and I am a housewife.

Mr. ARENS. You are appearing today in response to a subpena which was served upon you by this committee?

Mrs. DAWSON. Yes, sir.

Mr. ARENS. You are represented by counsel ?
Mrs. DAWSON. Yes.

Mr. ARENS. Counsel, kindly identify yourself.

Mr. LEWIS. Joseph F. Lewis.

Mr. ARENS. How long have you lived in these parts, please, Mrs. Dawson?

Mrs. DAWSON. About 12 years.

Mr. ARENS. Have you been president of the Palo Alto Peace Club? (The witness conferred with her counsel.)

Mrs. DAWSON. I refuse to answer the question on the grounds of the first and fifth amendments.

Mr. ARENS. Surely you wouldn't be reluctant to answer about presidency of a club sincerely and honestly dedicated to peace, would you, Mrs. Dawson?

(The witness conferred with her counsel.)

Mrs. DAWSON. I refuse to answer on the grounds of the first and fifth amendments.

Mr. ARENS. Was your presidency of the Palo Alto Peace Club at the behest and direction of that conspiratorial force known as the Communist Party?

(The witness conferred with her counsel.)

Mrs. DAWSON. I refuse to answer on the first and fifth amendments.

Mr. ARENS. Have you been active in the PTA, a fine organization? Have you been active in that, the Parent-Teachers Association? (The witness conferred with her counsel.)

Mrs. DAWSON. May I just say that my youngest child is 30 years old and I haven't been a PTA member for 15 years.

Mr. ARENS. Were you active as a Communist in the PTA ?
Mrs. DAWSON. Same answer; the first and fifth.

Mr. ARENS. What is the Council for Civic Unity?

(The witness conferred with her counsel.)

Mrs. DAWSON. I have never heard of such an organization.

Mr. ARENS. Have you been a paid functionary of the Communist Party?

(The witness conferred with her counsel.)

Mrs. DAWSON. Same answer; first and fifth.

Mr. ARENS. Do you know a person by the name of Karl Prussion! Mrs. DAWSON. Same answer; first and fifth.

Mr. ARENS. Mr. Prussion, would you kindly stand? You have been sworn, have you not?

Mr. PRUSSION. Yes; I have.

TESTIMONY OF KARL PRUSSION

-Resumed

Mr. ARENS. During the course of your membership, serving for your Government in that conspiratorial force known as the Communist Party, which you penetrated at the behest of that great organization the Federal Bureau of Investigation, to acquire information to help save this society from the penetrations of communism, did you know as a Communist a person by the name of Doris Dawson? Mr. PRUSSION. Yes; I did.

Mr. ARENS. Do you see that person in the hearing room today! Mr. PRUSSION. Yes; I do.

Mr. ARENS. Would you kindly indicate where she is?

Mr. PRUSSION. Right here [indicating].

Mr. ARENS. Can you tell us, please, sir, what were her duties and responsibilities and what were her activities as a Communist when you knew her?

Mr. PRUSSION. Doris Dawson was a member of the same cell that I was in, the Mountain View-Los Altos cell of the Communist Party and at a later date in the Palo Alto cell of the Communist Party.

Her activities varied, such as the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People, the Parent-Teachers Association, the Palo Alto Peace Club, and the Council for Civic Unity.

At one of the meetings which I described earlier today, Doris Dawson reported that she was very happy to announce that the Communist resolution to end atomic testing, which was presented in the Parent-Teachers organization, will pass at the national convention of the Parent-Teachers Association. This was 3 weeks before that identical resolution did pass.

TESTIMONY OF DORIS DAWSON

-Resumed

Mr. ARENS. Mrs. Dawson, will you kindly tell this committee, was this gentleman telling the truth or was he in error in his testimony just now respecting yourself?

(The witness conferred with her counsel.)

Mrs. DAWSON. Same grounds; the first and fifth amendments. Mr. ARENS. I respectfully suggest, Mr. Chairman, that will conclude the staff interrogation of this witness.

Mr. WILLIS. The witness is excused.

Mr. ARENS. The next witness will be Travis Lafferty.

Please come forward and remain standing while the chairman administers an oath.

Mr. WILLIS. Please raise your right hand.

You do solemnly swear that the testimony you are about to give will be the truth, the whole truth, and nothing but the truth, so help you God?

Mr. LAFFERTY. I do.

TESTIMONY OF TRAVIS LAFFERTY, ACCOMPANIED BY COUNSEL ALBERT M. BENDICH

Mr. ARENS. Kindly identify yourself by name, residence, and oc cupation.

Mr. LAFFERTY. My name is Travis Lafferty. I live at 230 Seventh Street, Oakland; I am a teacher.

Mr. ARENS. You are appearing today, Mr. Lafferty, in response to subpena which was served upon you by this committee?

Mr. LAFFERTY. That is true.

Mr. ARENS. You are represented by counsel?

Mr. LAFFERTY. I am.

Mr. ARENS. Counsel, please identify yourself.

Mr. BENDICH. Albert M. Bendich, staff counsel for the American Civil Liberties Union of Northern California.

Mr. ARENS. A word, please, about your place of birth and your education.

Mr. LAFFERTY. What do you mean by "a word," sir?

Mr. ARENS. I thought one sufficiently educated to be a teacher would understand. That means, would you give us a word, a description, an enumeration of the institutions in which you received Formal training.

Mr. LAFFERTY. I am here because I have to be here.

You ask me the questions, and I will answer the ones I have to, and I will not answer the ones I am not required to answer.

Mr. ARENS. You are required to answer this question.

Please tell us in what educational institutions you were trained.

Mr. LAFFERTY. I graduated from Oakland public schools and I was ducated at the University of California in Berkeley.

Mr. ARENS. Did you receive a degree from the University of CaliFornia at Berkeley?

Mr. LAFFERTY. I did.

Mr. ARENS. What year?

Mr. LAFFERTY. 1939.

Mr. ARENS. What degree?

Mr. LAFFERTY. A.B.

Mr. ARENS. Was it the only degree you have received from a formal nstitution?

Mr. LAFFERTY. Yes.

Mr. ARENS. How long have you been a teacher?

Mr. LAFFERTY. One year.

Mr. ARENS. When did you acquire your status as a teacher?

Mr. LAFFERTY. About last June.

Mr. ARENS. Are you now, or have you ever been, a member of the Communist Party?

Mr. LAFFERTY. I have been advised by counsel that I do not have o answer any questions of that nature, so I refuse to answer on the asis of my privileges under the first and fifth amendments.

Mr. ARENS. Do you honestly apprehend that if you answered that question truthfully while you were under oath you would be supplyng information which might be used against you in a criminal proeeding?

Mr. LAFFERTY. I do not have to answer

Mr. ARENS. Mr. Chairman, I now suggest the witness be ordered and directed to answer that question.

Mr. WILLIS. You are directed to answer the question. It is the foundation of whether you are really invoking the privileges ac corded to you in the Constitution legally, lawfully, in good faith. It is a proper question and I order you to answer it.

Mr. LAFFERTY. Well, sir, I have been here since 9:30 without any lunch, and I couldn't get a drink of water for several hours, and I am under a certain nervous strain, so I am afraid I have to ask you repeat that question again.

Mr. ARENS. Yes, sir.

Do you honestly apprehend, sir, if you answered whether or not you are now a member of the Communist Party you would be supplying information which might be used against you in a criminal proceeding?

Mr. LAFFERTY. My understanding of the law, sir, is that that is a decision for me to make, and I have taken the privilege under the first and fifth amendments as I have been advised by counsel, and I de so take that privilege under the first and fifth amendments.

Mr. ARENS. Mr. Chairman, I suggest that the witness be ordered and directed to answer the question.

The reason I asked the question was to test this witness' good faith in invoking the fifth amendment.

(The witness conferred with his counsel.)

Mr. LAFFERTY. The fifth amendment does not allow any inference to be drawn from it when properly used, and I stand on that.

Mr. ARENS. Mr. Chairman, has the witness been ordered and di rected to answer the principal question, which is for the purpose of testing his good faith in invoking the constitutional privilege! Mr. WILLIS. In order to make it plain, I now order you to answer the question.

(The witness conferred with his counsel.)

Mr. LAFFERTY. Well, I respectfully decline to answer on the grounds of the first and fifth amendments as I previously stated. My counsel informs me that I am within my rights.

Mr. ARENS. Mr. Chairman, I respectfully suggest that will con clude the staff interrogation of this witness.

Mr. WILLIS. The witness is excused.

Mr. ARENS. Saul Wachter, please come forward and remain standing while the chairman administers an oath to you.

Mr. WILLIS. Please raise your right hand.

Do you solemnly swear that the testimony you are about to give will be the truth, the whole truth, and nothing but the truth, so help you God?

Mr. WACHTER. I do.

TESTIMONY OF SAUL WACHTER, ACCOMPANIED BY COUNSEL BERTRAM EDISES

Mr. ARENS. Kindly identify yourself my name, residence, and occUpation.

Mr. WACHTER. My name is Saul Watcher. I live at 1830 Derby Street, Berkeley, Calif., and I am a factory worker.