holding in its hands the future of mankind. The program of the prototype of the present day Communist-directed international youth front of the Young Communist International, as announced in the Fifth YCI Congress in Moscow in 1929, revealed the basic operating techniques of the Communist conspiracy against the youth of the world:

In its struggle against capitalism, the Young Communist League is continually compelled to combine its open legal activity with illegal and semi-legal work and therefore to overstep the limits laid down for it by burgeois legality * For this purpose it creates various legal organizations (including political ones) of the working youth. But the Young Communist League looks upon these organizations only as legal forms of work for the illegal Young Communist League.

To quote another eminent Communist, the founder of the Soviet State, Lenin emphasized that:

The whole object of training and educating the youth of today should be to imbue them with Communist ethics * * *. Our morality is entirely subordinated to the interests of the class struggle ***. The basis of Communist morality is the struggle for the consolidation of Communism.

This is from the Collected Works of Lenin, the chapter on Tasks of the Youth League.

As in other fields of the Communist international front setup, the appeal to youth is provided by broad and/or specific humanitarian issues, which deserve the sympathy of all honest men-peace, disarmament, democracy, the economic, scientific, and educational advance of mankind—rather than by outright propagation of the Communist ideology as such. The purpose of the Communist-directed youth movement is not so much to convert youth directly to communism, as to expose it to Communist influence in order to be able first to mobilize youth for specific actions, and then gradually to enlist the young people into the ranks of active Communist sympathizers or even Communist Party members.

(At this point, Mr. Miller left the hearing room.) Mr. ILYINSKY (reading):

As early as 1932, Stalin declared that the establishment of Communism in colonial lands presented no problems, but the greatest difficulties lay in the question of how Communism would develop when the so-called underdeveloped countries obtained their independence. Stalin went on to point out that at this critical moment it would be absolutely necessary to convince the youth in the aspiring countries that Communism was supreme and immediately to make them familiar with the Communist ideology. One way of doing this is by mass demonstrations on a large scale

And, as I shall attempt to show the committee, this is exactly the line that was followed by the present international Communist youth

movement.

Mr. ARENS. Mr. Ilyinsky, tell us about the origins and development of the principal international Communist fronts for the purpose of penetrating youth.

Mr. ILYINSKY. Toward the end of World War II, there was a widespread sentiment among many people in different professions, in different fields, for creation of international bodies which would enable people to establish a firm basis for long lasting peace and, on that occasion, many organizations of that nature were formed.

For instance, the World Federation of Trade Unions, the World Council of Peace, Women's International Democratic Federation, the

International Association of Democratic Lawyers, the International Organization of Journalists, the World Federation of Scientific Workers; these are, all of them, Communist-front organizations.

Now, we here are concerned particularly with those organizations which deal directly with youth and there are two major international Communist organizations which we shall mention.

One of them is known as WFDY, the World Federation of Democratic Youth, and the other is IUS, the International Union of Students.

Mr. ARENS. Would you give us a little of the background of each of these two major international organizations designed for penetration of youth?

Mr. ILYINSKY. Yes, sir. The idea of an international youth organization has appeared at the same time in several countries of the world; in some democratic countries, for instance, in England, and also behind the Iron Curtain, and in Poland and Czechoslovakia, and, of course, in the Soviet Union.

These different student unions have attempted to contact all other student bodies in different countries in order to call a student congress which would create one unified student organization into a national student organization.

Two of these groups have been most active in this respect. One of them was the Czechoslovakian Union of Students which, of course, attempted to draw the international student movement to Prague, and then there was a group of democratic students in England which contacted many student bodies in the western countries.

In order to establish unity in the student movement, these two centers, the Prague center and the London center, went into complicated dealings with each other to find a common ground on which they could work.

Finally, it was decided that they will work together and they adopted a resolution agreeing to disagree on political issues. This was the major point. The western student groups were afraid if they joined the same group with the Communist students that they would not be allowed to speak freely and, therefore, this resolution was adopted, but in the immediate future, though, every one who disagreed with the Reds was called a Fascist by them and was subject to expulsion from the newly formed federation.

Now, the London Preparatory Committee decided to convene a student congress in London in November of 1945 and, consequently, at that date, the World Federation of Democratic Youth was founded following a World Youth Conference which was held a few days prior to the foundation of the federation.

The World Youth Conference was convened under the initiative of Communists and Communist controlled delegations from 63 countries who allegedly represented 30 million people.

(At this point, Mr. Scherer entered the hearing room.)

Mr. ILYINSKY. Yet, the interesting point is that actually only three and a half percent of the delegates openly represented Communist organizations while the rest of the delegates came from various religious groups, socialist and trade union organizations, sport federations, and so forth.

Now, the Communist elements in the World Youth Conference and in the World Federation of Democratic Youth have managed through skillful maneuvers, disciplined action, and voting as a block, to dominate the non-Communist majority and to obtain offices in WFDY. Mr. ARENS. Do you have a similar background with reference to the IUS, International Union of Students?

Mr. ILYINSKY. That is right, sir.

Mr. ARENS. Would you kindly present it?

Mr. ILYINSKY. The student constitutional convention which founded the International Union of Students took place in Prague in August, 1946. Those who participated were drawn from all parts of the world and represented every major political and religious belief. Nevertheless, the congress ended with Communists in control of this newly formed International Union of Students.

During the first postwar student deliberations in London, the Communists had been in a minority but they obtained a majority on the International Preparatory Committee and this committee then gave unrestricted power to the executive body; against the explicit decision of the London meeting they moved the constitutional convention from Paris to Prague; by control of the credentials assured Communist influence of the constitutional convention; by control of the preparations, they abandoned an established agenda and substituted a new and controversial one on the day before the opening session.

They made no comprehensive report on its activities to the congress, the body to which theoretically the executive body was responsible, but which in fact the Communist-dominated committee now controlled.

Now, the Communist goal in the Prague conference was to make the student union a sufficiently disciplined body to be controlled from the center. They wanted the member organizations pledged to carry out all decisions of the executive body. This center, of course, was to be under clandestine Communist Party direction.

Within three months of the end of the congress, the Communists took another step to secure complete control of the IUS.

A secretariat was created and given authority in the absence of the executive for development of all policies.

This is all that I could say at that point.

Mr. ARENS. Would you kindly tell us which of these two groups, the WFDY or the IUS, controlled by the Communists, is the most active in putting on the international Communist festivals for youth? Mr. ILYINSKY. Actually, both of them participate.

Mr. ARENS. And can you comment on the attendance at festivals and congresses by the youth groups?

Mr. ILYINSKY. Yes, sir. The idea of organizing mass meetings of the festival type, as we have seen, has already been germane in a statement that Stalin made in 1932, so that actually, as soon as the WFDY and IUS became organized bodies, their first decision was to organize festivals. According to their idea, a festival was supposed to be a mass meeting of youth from all countries.

Great attention was given to the fact that an attempt was made to attract to the festivals not only Communist youth or fellow traveler youth, but neutral youth, youth which would be just attracted

by the idea of meeting hundreds and hundreds of members of other nations.

Mr. ARENS. What about the various appeals prepared by these international organizations with particular attention to international problems which are of direct or immediate concern to youth?

Mr. ILYINSKY. Well, the WFDY and IUS, in their numerous publications, which come out almost every week, always have appeals to youth. These appeals are intended to draw the attention of the youth to some particular problem and to mobilize the youth to take some definite action.

Mr. ARENS. I see you have brought with you samples of material. Is this material typical material which is now being disseminated to schools and colleges over this country?

Mr. ILYINSKY. That is right, sir. It is.

Mr. ARENS. Does this material anywhere in it say, "This is Communist propaganda"?

Mr. ILYINSKY. No, never.

Mr. ARENS. Is any of it labeled in accordance with the registration provisions of the Foreign Agents Registration Act as Communist propaganda?

Mr. ILYINSKY. I have seen some of it labeled but most of it comes without any label at all.

Mr. ARENS. Would you kindly, at your own pace and with brevity, if you please, allude to each of several of the publications which you have brought here as typical exhibits of material being sent by these international Communist youth groups to schools and colleges in the Unitd States?

Mr. ILYINSKY. Yes. If you allow me, I will try to characterize them and then I will pick them up.

Mr. ARENS. Will you please do so, and without in any sense being discourteous to you, may I say that the committee will be obliged to leave here very shortly to be in attendance on the floor, so that, if you could abbreviate your presentation with reference to that, I am sure the committee would appreciate it.

Mr. ILYINSKY. Surely. The WFDY and IUS publish at least 40 periodical publications.

Mr. ARENS. How many?

Mr. ILYINSKY. At least 40, of which some of them come out once a week, some come out twice monthly, some come out monthly, and some are not periodicals. They are published by the same house and contain a similar type of material, but the title would be changed so as not to be too conspicuous.

The WFDY publishes the main magazine of the international youth movement which is called the World Youth.

Mr. ARENS. Where is that published?

Mr. ILYINSKY. It is published in Budapest, which is the main center of the WFDY.

Mr. ARENS. Where does the IUS material emanate from?

Mr. ILYINSKY. The IUS material is usually published in different countries. The same material is being translated into Russian, Swedish, and into every major language of the world and published in these particular countries.

Mr. ARENS. Would you stand here, please, Mr. Ilyinsky, and tell the committee, as you pick up these various volumes, a word about each of them.

The CHAIRMAN. Before you go into that, may I ask you this question. You have stated that 1,500,000 pieces came into New Orleans. Do you know how many pieces came into the entire United States for distribution among students?

Mr. ILYINSKY. No, sir. We do not have any figures as of this point because we have not tabulated them.

Mr. ARENS. It comes in through forty-odd ports, as I understand it. Mr. ILYINSKY. That is correct.

Mr. ARENS. IS New Orleans a typical port of entry for this mateial?

Mr. ILYINSKY. I don't think so. I think much more material would come through New York and San Francisco.

Mr. ARENS. Then New Orleans processed less than other ports and, in the course of the last year, New Orleans processed in the nature of 300,000 packages of this material, is that correct?

Mr. ILYINSKY. Yes.

Mr. ARENS. And every school and college virtually in this country is a recipient of this material, is that correct?

Mr. ILYINSKY. That is correct.

Mr. DOYLE. I think you said that each of those packages contained as many as five separate pieces.

Mr. ILYINSKY. Yes, sir.

Mr. DOYLE. So that would be five times 300,000.

Mr. ILYINSKY. Yes, sir.

The interesting part about these publications is that they come unsolicited. They don't only send it to the colleges. Individuals whose names appear some place on a letterhead of a student organization might receive it also.

The CHAIRMAN. Is there any advertising in any of this?

Mr. ILYINSKY. No, there is no advertising. These magazines are very well published. Some of them seem to be interesting.

Let's see this. World Student News. This is a monthly magazine that is published in 12 languages. That means that there are 12 separate editions published in 12 different countries.

Mr. ARENS. Mr. Ilyinsky, may I attempt to abbreviate the presentation here by asking you, do you see the typical Communist line in all of these publications emanating from these two international Communist controlled groups?

Mr. ILYINSKY. Oh, yes.

Mr. ARENS. Does this material, likewise, pretty well blanket the world in different languages?

Mr. ILYINSKY. Yes, but the main attention is always given to the United States.

Mr. ARENS. The United States is the main target?

Mr. ILYINSKY. That is right.

Mr. ARENS. Is the amount or quantity of this material increasing or decreasing?

Mr. ILYINSKY. It is increasing, especially around the time when they have the festival or any other major event.

Mr. ARENS. There are here a number of different publications. How many different publications are there?