Sworn testimony from religious leaders who have escaped fr Communist regimes amply demonstrates the intensity of the warf which communism is waging against the churches.

I am inserting, as an appendix to my remarks, excerpts from typi testimony on this issue.

What of Communist infiltration in church groups in the Uni States?

Incidental to investigations conducted by the Committee on U American Activities in our pursuit of Communists, at least a doz persons who have been identified as members of the Communist Par have also professed to be ministers of the gospel. In addition, seve undercover operatives of the FBI who have served in the Commun Party have testified under oath respecting the directives under whi they and other members of the Communist Party operated with spect to penetration of church groups.

I am likewise inserting in the appendix to my remarks excer from sworn testimony on this subject.

How successful have Communists been in their attempts to per trate church groups?

Although this question is not subject to precise qualitative or qua titative analysis, it is a fact, however, supported by the record, that t Communists have duped large numbers of the clergy, as well as leaders of the churches, into supporting Communist fronts and cau which masquerade behind deceitful facades of humanitarianism. T is not to say that these persons are necessarily consciously supporti Communist enterprises, but the net result is, for all practical purpos

the same.

Some 2 or 3 years ago the Committee on Un-American Activit held consultations with three prominent clergymen of the Jewi Catholic, and Protestant faiths, respectively, on the subject "T Ideological Fallacies of Communism." These clergymen, Rabbi Andhil Fineberg, Bishop Fulton J. Sheen, and Dr. Daniel A. Poli clearly exposed the fallacies of this devilish force. In the course of t consultation Dr. Fineberg was asked this question:

Have the religious forces of the world, in your judgment, been as vigorous opposition to the spread of communism as they might have been?

He replied:

Too few religious leaders have accepted the responsibility of refuting Co munist propaganda. Like most Americans, clergymen have been against co munism without studying it and without effort to expose its fallacies.

In my judgment, much good can come from an objective inqui into the reasons why the Air Reserve Center Training Manual, whi in part dealt with this very problem, was repudiated by the Secreta of the Air Force. Without apology, therefore, and with firm deterr nation that we will pursue this subject matter honestly, fairly, a sincerely, with the end in view of developing the truth, the wh truth, and nothing but the truth, we are opening our inquiry tod by receiving the testimony of the Secretary of the Air Force, Dud C. Sharp.

(The appendix referred to follows:)

APPENDIX TO OPENING STATEMENT, HONORABLE FRANCIS E. WALTER (D-PA.) CHAIRMAN, COMMITTEE ON UN-AMERICAN ACTIVITIES, ON ISSUES PRESENTED BY AIR RESERVE CENTER TRAINING MANUAL, WASHINGTON, D.C., THURSDAY, FEBRUARY 25, 1960

Father Theodoric Joseph Zubek, a Franciscan priest who escaped from Slovakia, testified before the Committee on Un-American Activities in December 1959 as follows:

"... Male religious orders and congregations were suppressed in April 1950. There were over 700 male religious priests and brothers living in 137 monasteries in Slovakia. *** and were subjected to Communist-sponsored reeducation. If they complied with this brainwashing and took the oath of loyalty, they were sent to parishes and churches as diocesan priests. If they remained unyielding, they were sent to forced labor camps, and later in 1957, released to manual work. Clerics and religious brothers, if they did not want to leave the religious life, went also through the forced labor camps, and eventually to manual work on their own. A similar fate met the female religious congregations. There were 3,548 religious sisters in Slovakia, living in 210 convents. The convents were suppressed in August 1950, and the eisters were forced to leave the religious life. If they refused, they were sent to work without any salary in forced labor camps, collective farms, or various state plants.

"... The Communist control can be said to be twofold: public Control and secret control of activities of the church. By public control, I mean the antichurch laws of 1949.

"Besides, they have secret control of the church. Spies attend every ceremony. They trail priests and bishops wherever they go.'

Concerning Communist persecution of church groups in Red China, Rev. Peter Chu Pong, general secretary of the Hong Kong Intercational Christian Leadership, testified before the Committee on Un-American Activities in March 1959, as follows:

They (the Communists) formed an indoctrination class in he assembly hall of our church. For 2 weeks they worked on the members of my church, brainwashing them into accusing me of being n imperialist agent and a running dog of the missionaries . . . "From morning to night they taught my church members all about ommunism. They indoctrinated our people along three major points: They entirely denied there is a living God which exists in this niverse. They told the people the whole universe was created hrough evolution. 2. They denied Lord Jesus and His salvation. They told the people that Jesus Christ was just a common carpenter, hat the people had crucified him because he wanted to lead the people counterrevolution work. 3. They told the people that Christianity s a religious instrument of the foreign imperialists to poison our Chinese people and sell them into slavery.

... They held an accusation meeting to accuse me, my wife, and he elders and deacons in our church of being imperialists. They

tied our hands with long rope and forced us to kneel on the platform in our church assembly hall with signs around our necks which said 'Guilty Crime.' They slapped our faces, kicked our bodies, and poured cold water on our heads. They made my children stand and watch If they cried, the Communists beat them. They wanted me to con fess that I was an imperialist agent and reveal the amounts of money I was supposed to have received from the missionaries. They wanted me to tell what kind of guns and radios the missionaries had given to me. They accused me of helping twelve missionaries escape from Nanking before the Communists came. They wanted me to reject Christ, give up my church, and admit that the only God was Mad Tse-tung, head of the Communist government.

". . . If I had confessed they would have killed me immediately. They were going to put me into prison anyway.

Under date of October 20, 1959, Moiselle Clinger, former undercover agent for the FBI who served in the Communist Party, testified as follows:

"Question: What was the practice of the Communist Party during the period of your membership with regard to assigning people to work in mass organizations?

"Mrs. Clinger: Almost everyone was assigned to some type of a mass organization. Now, there may have been something that they were interested in. I mean, they were all in some group that they may have belonged to, but if you didn't belong, you were told where or what to join. I remember the churches. There was one period where they felt it was quite necessary that different people join different churches, and for

"Question:. . . Now, if you will recall other assignments, you spoke of assignments in church work. Do you know of anyone who received such an assignment who was known to you personally to be a member of the Communist Party?

"Mrs. Clinger: Yes. The same O. E. Burrell, I know, did quite a bit. I know that he belonged to the church in Santa Monica, and to me this was kind of an odd thing, and to many of the old-timers in the Communist Party it was kind of earth shaking to have to go into a church. *** I noticed it was mostly the younger-I wouldn't say younger, I mean the newer-members that they were able to do this with. I noticed it was not the older members, long-standing members who were too interested in taking on this task of going into the churches to work.

"I know my husband was asked to join a church, and I frowned on this, so that he was not pushed to go ahead with this."

A few months ago Mrs. Dorothy Healey, a member of the National Committee of the Communist Party, reported in a convention speech respecting the activities of the Communists of southern California, in part, as follows:

"*** Communists *** are working in community organizations, fraternal organizations or churches

**

"A further expression of the way to develop and consolidate the intimonopoly alliance, is through our participation in activating the rogram of the people's organizations to which we belong."

Marion Miller, former undercover agent for the FBI, testified beore the Committee on Un-American Activities on October 21, 1959, as follows:

“Mrs. Miller: *** these people *** carry out this Communist ropaganda and the work of the party no matter where they are beause this is their duty, to promote communism wherever they are, hatever time it might be. They live and breathe as Communists, in hatever organization they go into. I can't emphasize this too trongly, whether in a trade union or in a fraternal organization, or in religious group, in a church, wherever it may be, the duty of a Comaanist is to carry out the Communist program.

Miss Carol Bayne, San Diego native and resident, appeared before he Committee on Un-American Activities in public session on April I, 1954. She became a Communist sympathizer late in 1948, and ined the Communist Party early in 1949. She testified that she probbly was dropped from party rolls sometime in 1951 at her request, nd that she made an effort to rejoin the party in February 1954. She stified as follows:

"Question: Were you given instructions at any time by the Comunist Party as to the attitude that should be taken by Communists ward religion or toward religious groups?

"Miss Bayne: Toward religious groups. I can answer that. I was structed not too long ago, in the hopes of assisting the FBI, when I ied to get back into the party, I was instructed that I would have to in a church youth group, or a church, and become active in its work. Question: You were told if you came back

Miss Bayne: In order to get back into the party I would have to et into a church group and work within it and try to influence it."

Rev. Joseph S. Nowak appeared before the Committee on Unmerican Activities in public session on March 25, 1954. He was born Lwow, Poland, on October 17, 1903, and was brought to the United ates by his parents in June 1906.

In the course of his testimony, Rev. Nowak admitted that in 1946 he rmally joined the Communist Party. In discussing his associations th the Communist Party and its members, he testified that from 4, upon his graduation from the Union Theological Seminary, til 1942, he was in charge of a small mission, St. Paul's Presbyterian urch, in Baltimore, Maryland. He testified that, while not a memr of the Communist Party, he held an office in a Communist-front ganization, the American League Against War and Fascism, knowthat its leaders were officials in the Communist Party:

Question: Were you a member of the Communist Party while you ron your assignment in Baltimore?

Mr. Nowak: No, sir; I was not.

"Question: Although you were not a member of the Communi Party while you were in Baltimore, did you collaborate with function aries of the Communist Party while you were there

"Mr. Nowak: I worked together

"Question: And worked with the Communist Party?

"Mr. Nowak: I worked together with them; yes.

"Question: Knowingly?

"Mr. Nowak: As an official of the American League [Against W and Fascism]; yes, and also knowingly. I knew that they were officia in the party."

Herbert A. Philbrick was a member of the Communist Party as a undercover agent for the Federal Bureau of Investigation. Follow ing are excerpts from his testimony before the Committee on U American Activities on July 23, 1951:

"Question: You have testified that you were active in various you organizations in your church work. Did you continue to be active your church work after joining the Young Communist League?

"Mr. Philbrick: Yes, I did. First of all, of course, I wanted continue because I wanted to maintain my contacts with some health minded individuals; but beyond that, and to my good fortune, I w instructed by the party to continue my contacts and to continue n affiliations in all my normal groups.

"These instructions were also given to other members in my cell. "Question: Who gave you those instructions?

"Mr. Philbrick: . . . I recall that in a discussion at the apar ment of Dave Bennett we were given those instructions. I was al given those same instructions by Fanny Hartman and by Ali Gordon.

"Question: Was Dave Bennett known to you to be a member the Communist Party?

"Mr. Philbrick: He was known to me long before I actually b came a formal member myself

...

"Question: From the instructions which you received from t Communist Party, did it appear, or were you led to believe, that the field of religious activity the Communist Party was incompatib with any religious belief?

"Mr. Philbrick: Absolutely. We were taught that the socialist theories of Marx had nothing to do with the idealistic superstitio of religious organizations."

Earl Reno, former high-ranking official of the Communist Part testified before the Committee on Un-American Activities on Mar 25, 1954, as follows:

"Question: . . . In the performance of the work of the Commun Party through the American League Against War and Fascism, a through the Ethiopian Defense Committee, did you utilize at a time the services of any ministers or any members of the ministr "Mr. Reno: Yes. We had two ministers who were particular active in the American League Against War and Fascism and t Ethiopian Defense Committee. *** Rev. Joseph Nowak and Re Jack Hutchison. * * *