Naval Radiological Defense Laboratory, 68, 69, 70, 71 Naval Research, Office of, 46, 205, 206, 227 Naval Ship Research and Development Center, 41 Naval Weapons Center, 71, 155 Navy, U.S., 25-27, 46, 50, 52, 53, 70, 71, 132, 134, 135, 206n, AEC nuclear pro- Newton, Isaac, 18 Newell, Homer E., 127, 128, 131 Nixon, Richard M., 61, 63, 105, 193 North American Aviation, 202 Northrop Corporation, 68 Nuclear Power Directorate, 134 Nuclear Regulatory Commission, 63 Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL), 42, 44, 48, 63, 72, 82, 204, 213, 215, 217, 228 Oberth, Hermann, 64 Oppenheimer, J. Robert, 42, 43, 49, 234 Orbiting Astronomical Observatories (OAO), 60, 83, 115, 125, 127-131, 129, 132, 135, 199 Pacific Northwest Laboratory, 217 Paine, Thomas O., 61 Palo Alto, California, 9 Pasadena, California, 205n Perry, Matthew C., 27 Personnel Management, U.S. Office of, 90, 150, 152, 155 Philosophical Transactions, 18, 19 Pickering, William E., 59 Pioneer, 6, 80, 125, 197-98 Plato, 13 Polaris, 52, 53, 122, 132-135, 133. See also Fleet Ballistic Missile President's Science Advisory Committee, 54 Price, Gwilym, 51 Princeton, University, 38 Public Health Service, 30, 63 Public Law 313, 48 Ramo-Wooldridge Corporation, 53. See also TRW, Inc. RAND Corporation, 48, 52, 168n, 206, 225 Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, 28 Rickover, Hyman G., 50-51, 51, 134, 204 Rochester, New York, 230 Roebling, John, 28 Rome, Italy, 16 Roosevelt, Franklin D., 35, 38 Royal Navy, 21, 26 Royal Observatory, 18, 20-21, 20 Royal Society of Great Britain, 11, 13, 17-18, 20-21, 24 Sagus, Portugal, 14, 16 Sakharov, Andrei, 234 Sandia National Laboratory, 70, 135, 170, 214, 218, 219, 228 San Diego, California, 155 San Francisco, California, 68, 164 Santa Fe, New Mexico, 42 Saturn rocket, 7, 54, 181 Schenectady, New York, 8, 31, 223 Schriever, Bernard, 52-53 Scientific Research and Development, Office of (OSRD), 36-37, 41, 44, 54 Seaborg, Glenn, 40, 72 Seamans, Robert, 99 Sears, Roebuck and Company, 229, 230 Senior Executive Service, 151, 176 Shaw, Milton, 204 Singer Company, 82 Skylab, 63, 109, 181 Smithsonian Institution, 30 Snyder, Hartland, 101-102 Solar Energy Research Institute (SERI), 219 Soviet Academy of Science, 233, 234 Space Act (1958), 54 Space Flight, Office of, 106 Space Science and Applications, Office of (OSSA), 106, 187, 201 Space Science Board, 127 Space Shuttle, 61, 63-64, 64, 90, 93, 105, 106, 108, 118, 119, 121, 181, 185, 204, 224, 226, 230, 232 Space Telescope, 111, 181, 230 Sperry Corporation, 65 Spinoza, Baruch, 16 Sprat, Bishop, 18 Sputnik, 46, 54 SR-71, 98 SRI International, 225 Stanford Linear Accelerator Center, 213 Steinmetz, Charles P., 8, 32 Stevenson-Wydler Act, 210, 216 Strassmann, Fritz, 37 Stratoscope I, 127 Szilard, Leo, 38 Teller, Edward, 38, 45, 49, 181 Tennessee Eastman Company, 44, 230 Texas Instruments, 178 Thor missile, 53, 92 Transportation, U.S. Department of, 61, 71, 193 Trans World Airlines, 170 Treasury, U.S. Department of the, 193 Troy, New York, 28 TRW, Inc., 53, 125. See also Ramo-Wooldridge Corporation U-2 aircraft, 98 Union Carbide Corporation, 44 V-2 rocker, 125, 127 Vandenberg Air Force Base, 70 Vanguard satellite, 127 Viking, 95, 127, 198 Violet, Charles, 102 Von Braun, Wernher, 54, 58, 98-99, 121, 181 Von Neumann, John, 52 Voyager, 231 Wallops Island, Virginia, 79 War Powers Act (1941), 37 Washington, D.C., 7, 9, 25, 35, 71, 75, 77, 88, 106, 193, 205, 226, 231 Watson, E.M., 38 Webb, James E., 5, 55, 57, 201, 202, 231 Weinberg, Alvin, 72, 215 Western Electric Company, 9, 70, 136-138, 170 Western Test Range, 70 Westinghouse Corporation, 44, 51, 52 Wheeler, John, 38 Whitcomb, Richard, 99-100 Whitehead, Alfred North, 1, 2 White House Science Council, 148 White Sands Missile Range, 70 Wigner, Eugene, 38, 45 Wren, Christopher, 18 Wright, Orville, 55 Xerox Corporation, 67 XV-1 helicopter, 80 ABOUT THE AUTHORS HANS M. MARK was born in Mannheim, Germany, June 17, 1929. He came to the United States in 1940, and became a U.S. citizen in 1945. He received his bachelor's degree in physics from the University of California at Berkeley in 1951 and his doctorate in physics from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology in 1954. Following completion of his graduate studies, Dr. Mark remained at MIT as a research associate and acting head of the Neutron Physics Group Laboratory for Nuclear Science until 1955. He then returned to the University of California at Berkeley where he served as a research physicist at the University's Lawrence Radiation Laboratory in Livermore until 1958. Subsequently, he served as an assistant professor of physics at MIT before returning to Lawrence Radiation Laboratory's Experimental Physics Division from 1960 to 1964. He then became chairman of the University's Department of Nuclear Engineering and administrator of the Berkeley Research Reactor. He has taught undergraduate and graduate courses in physics and engineering at Boston University, MIT, and the University of California at the Berkeley and Davis campuses. Dr. Mark has served as a consultant to government, industry, and business, including the Institute for Defense Analyses and the President's Advisory Group on Science and Technology. He has authored many articles for professional and technical journals. He coauthored the books Experiments in Modern Physics and Power and Security, and coedited The Properties of Matter Under Unusual Conditions. ARNOLD LEVINE is a writer and analyst specializing in the analysis of government operations. Dr. Levine, who holds a doctorate in history from the University of Wisconsin, has taught at the City University of New York, served as senior associate in a major management services firm in Arlington, Virginia, and is currently a writer based in Washington, DC. In addition to The Management of Research Institutions, Dr. Levine is the author of Managing NASA in the Apollo Era (Washington, DC: NASA Scientific and Technical Information Branch, 1982), many articles on data processing technologies in the Federal Government, and papers delivered before the American Society for Public Administration, the American Historical Association, and the Sixth International Congress on Economic History. He is currently investigating the role of selected technologies in influencing the conduct of U.S. foreign policy. |