John F. Kennedy Space Center, Cape Canaveral, Florida The John F. Kennedy Space Center (KSC) is located 80 kilometers east of Orlando, Florida. The total land and water area occupied by KSC is 139 305 acres. NASA owns 82 943 of that total, with the rest consisting of land occupied under various easements and deeds of dedication. Space Shuttle flights began at KSC in 1981 and will begin at Vandenberg Air Force Base, California in 1985. Expendable launch vehicle operations are conducted at both the Air Force's Eastern Space and Missile Center, at Cape Canaveral Air Force Station, Florida, and the Western Space and Missile Center at Vandenberg Air Force Base. The principal roles of KSC are: (1) Space Transportation System Ground operations-this includes Space Shuttle launch preparation, launch, landing and refurbishment, Spacelab and Spacelab payloads ground processing, cargo/experiment integration and processing, upper stages ground processing, and operation and maintenance of ground support equipment; and (2) Expendable Launch Vehicle operations - includes launch preparation, checkout and launch for the current inventory of launch vehicles. Statistics (1983 Actual): NASA Operating Budget Costs: $161 M Staffing (Civil Service Workyears): 2 190 Capital Investment (Plant and Equipment): $2 563 M Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia The Langley Research Center (LaRC) was established in 1917. LaRC, which is situated in the Tidewater area of Hampton Roads, utilizes 807 acres of government-owned land, divided into two areas by the runway facilities of Langley Air Force Base. Runways, some utilities, and certain other facilities are used jointly by NASA and the Air Force. LaRC's principal roles and missions include the following: (1) developing a technology base for improving transport aircraft, as well as general aviation and commuter aircraft; (2) advancing the state of the art in fundamental aerodynamics; (3) conducting research related to reducing aircraft noise; (4) developing a technology base in aerospace vehicle structures and materials; (5) developing a technology base for advanced vehicle transportation systems, large space antennas, and space station systems; (6) developing space technology experiments in areas such as materials, struc tures, control, and dynamics of large space structures and advanced transportation systems; and (7) developing improved techniques for atmospheric sensing. Statistics (1983 Actual): NASA Operating Budget Costs: $133 M Staffing (Civil Service Workyears): 2 937 Capital Investment (Plant and Equipment): $708 M Lewis Research Center, Cleveland, Ohio The Lewis Research Center (LeRC) occupies two sites in Ohio. The original site, established in 1941, adjacent to the ClevelandHopkins International Airport, includes 366 acres. There are over 170 buildings and structures, including wind tunnels, test chambers, laboratories, and other research facilities. The Plum Brook Station, established in 1956, is located south of Sandusky, about 80 kilometers west of Cleveland. There are 8 005 acres owned by NASA. During 1975, the principal facilities were placed on standby. Since then a number of Federal, state, and local government agencies have utilized office space and other facilities. LeRC was established as an aircraft engine research laboratory to develop superior aircraft propulsion systems. Since then, LeRC has developed and constructed many unique facilities for testing fullscale aircraft engines and engine components, chemical rocket engines, electric propulsion systems, space and terrestrial power systems, and space communication systems. LeRC's principal roles include: (1) Maintaining a national capability in fundamental aeropropulsion disciplines (fluid dynamics, internal unsteady aerodynamics, fluid mechanics, propulsion and power transfer technologies, fuels and combustion chemistry, and kinetics); (2) managing the Atlas and Centaur launch vehicle systems; (3) developing and managing the cryogenic upper stage of the Space Shuttle; (4) developing the technology for advanced space propulsion systems; and (5) developing the technology for space power and energy conversion systems. Statistics (1983 Actual): NASA Operating Budget Costs: $119 M Staffing (Civil Service Workyears): 2 700 Capital Investment (Plant and Equipment): $505 M George C. Marshall Space Flight Center, Huntsville, Alabama Operations at Marshall Space Flight Center (MSFC) are conducted at three locations. The principal MSFC site is near Huntsville, on Army property at the Redstone Arsenal. The center occupies 1 841 acres under a nonrevocable use permit from the Army. The Huntsville location is connected by deep-water access to its component Michoud Assembly Facility via the Tennessee, Ohio, and Mississippi Rivers. The Michoud Assembly Facility is located 24 kilometers east of New Orleans, Louisiana, where the external tank for the Space Shuttle is being produced. The Michoud Facility occupies 832 acres and provides 3 634 344 gross square feet of space, including the main assembly plant. The Slidell Computer Complex, located at Slidell, Louisiana, 32 kilometers northeast of the Michoud Assembly Facility, occupies 14 acres and provides centralized computer services for MSFC, Michoud, other NASA centers, and associated contractors. MSFC serves as one of NASA's primary centers for the design and development of Space Transportation Systems, orbital systems, scientific and applications payloads, and other systems for present and future space exploration. MSFC has the principal role within NASA for rocket propulsion systems. MSFC also has a principal role for designing and developing manned vehicle systems; for Spacelab mission management and payload definition; for designing and developing specialized automated spacecraft; and managing space processing activities. MSFC has a primary role for developing and processing space and applications experiments. Additionally, MSFC conducts a vigorous research and technology program and is involved in studying future programs in such areas as space propulsion systems, materials engineering, materials processing in space, and payload systems analysis and integration. Statistics (1983 Actual): NASA Operating Budget Costs: $184 M Staffing (Civil Service Workyears): 3 451 Capital Investment (Plant and Equipment): $808 M INDEX Abelson, Phillip, 40 Academie de Lincei, 16 Academie des Sciences, 16 Advanced Orbiting Solar Observatory, 83 Advisory Committee on Uranium, 38, 40, 41 Aerobee, 127 Aeronautics and Space Technology, Office of (OAST), 106-107, 109, 187 Agricultural Research Center, 29 Agriculture, U.S. Department of, 29 Air Force, U.S., 52-53, 65, 70, 71, 80, 100, 110, 117, 121, 122, 206, 225; Eastern Test Range, 170; ICBM program, 52, 53; laboratories, 156n, 225; Office of Alamogordo, New Mexico, 42 Alexander the Great, 13 American Academy of Arts and Sciences, 25 American Brands, 230 American Express Company, 230 American National Standards Institute, 202, 210 American Philosophical Society, 25 American Telephone and Telegraph Company (AT&T), 8, 70n, 136, 137, 229 Ames Research Center, 6, 7, 11, 61n, 75, 77, 77, 79, 83, 88, 131, 152, 160, 161, ANSER, 225 Apollo, 60-64 passim, 69, 99, 103, 105, 106, 108, 109, 113, 114, 115, 118, 119, 121, Apollo 17, 107 Apollo Executives Group, 201 Apollo Telescope Mount, 181 Argonne National Laboratory, 37, 42, 48, 219, 228 Aristotle, 13-14 Armed Services Procurement Act (1947), 47 Army, U.S., 46, 47, 65, 70, 80, 81, 82, 191, 193, 206n; Air Corps, 48; Ballistic Missile Agency, 231; Corps of Engineers, 41, 194, 196; Huntsville Arsenal, 53; Atomic Energy Acts 228; (1946), 48; (1954), 214-215, 216; (1972), 216, 218 Atlas-Agena, 129 Atlas ballistic missile, 92 Atlas-Centaur, 129 Atomic Energy Commission (AEC), 11, 48-50, 60, 62, 63, 72, 74, 75, 77, 111, 122, Astin, Allen V., 203 Austin, Texas, 9 B-29 aircraft, 52 B-47 bomber, 92 B-52 bomber, 92 B-58 bomber, 53 B-70 aircraft, 99 Bacon, Sir Francis, 17 Batavia, Illinois, 102 Batzel, Roger, 73, 73 Bellcomm, 136 Bell Report, 148, 149n Bell System, 137 Bell Telephone Laboratories (Bell Labs), 9, 31, 32, 70, 116, 117, 135-138, 143, 144 Beltsville, Maryland, 30 Berkeley, California, 40, 42, 49 Bethpage, New York, 128 Bettis Atomic Power Laboratory, 51, 213 Boeing Corporation, 122, 231 Bohr, Niels, 38 Bomarc missile, 53 Booz, Allen and Hamilton, 134 Bothe, Walter, 44 Boulder, Colorado, 194n, 212 Bradbury, Norris, 49 Brandywine Valley, Delaware, 31 Briggs, Lyman, 38 British Association, 22 Brookhaven National Laboratory, 85n, 101, 102, 214 Brooklyn Polytechnic Institute, 28 Bureau of Economic Analysis, 210 Bureau of the Budget, 60, 110, 169 Bush, Vannevar, 35-36, 36, 41, 44, 46 California Institute of Technology, 54, 99, California University of, 40, 49 Cambridge, Massachusetts, 71 Cape Canaveral, Florida, 70, 79n, 201 |