ings throughout the country. That has been the experience of our sister society in the railway field, which has found its Manual an effective means of uniting the men engaged in railway engineering throughout the country and in increasing the strength of their national organization.

FRANK A. BARBOUR, 1920 to date.
EDWARD BARTOW, 1920–1924.
W. S. CRAMER, 1924 to date.
W. W. DEBERARD, 1923 to date.
GEORGE A. JOHNSON, 1920-1924.
EDWARD E. WALL, 1924 to date.

GEORGE C. WHIPPLE, 1920-1923.

GEORGE W. FULLER, Chairman, 1920 to date.
Council on Standardization.

MALCOLM PIRNIE, Secretary, 1921 to date.

ABEL WOLMAN, Manual Editor, 1924 to date.

New York, June, 1925.

AUTHORS AND COLLABORATORS

The MANUAL OF AMERICAN WATER WORKS PRACTICE Was inaugurated by first requesting contributions from the following authors on the topics preceding their names. In the case of a few specifications, little work was called for; in most of the cases, however, the Council's request could not be met without a very real effort. It is a pleasure to acknowledge here the earnest labors of these authors and the committeemen associated with many of them in preparing the first draft of the material for the MANUAL.

Development of the water works industry, historical and statistical. M. N. Baker.

Constituents of water; objectionable limits of various substances and their relation to practical problems. A. M. Buswell and S. T. Powell.

General theory of disease and longevity in water of typhoid fever and other disease germs. W. H. Frost.

Typhoid fever statistics and their local significance. S. M. Van Loan.
Water quality standards. Abel Wolman.

Jurisdiction of health officials over water supplies. A. J. McLaughlin.
Ground water supplies. L. A. Smith.

Pumping station practice. L. A. Day, as chairman of special committee.
Allocation of streams for water supplies of different cities. L. P. Wood.
Summary of runoff data for representative streams; relation between water-
shed yields and required storage. Allen Hazen.

Flood flow data of representative streams; spillway areas. Weston E. Fuller. Practice as to watershed protection. H. E. Moses, as chairman of a special committee studying the subject.

Industrial wastes in relation to water supplies. Almon L. Fales, as chairman of special committee.

Findings of International Joint Commission on relation to pollution of boundary water between the United States and Canada. H. P. Eddy. Customs as to compensation in money and compensation in kind for water diversion. Wm. Gore, Allen Hazen and G. W. Pracy.

Relative advantages of supply pipes of different kinds. D. H. Maury and Abel Wolman.

Nomenclature and physical standards of distribution systems. G. G. Dixon, as chairman of special committee.

Modern views as to service reservoirs and desirable pressures for domestic service. A. C. Hutson.

Practicability of pressure tunnels for distribution systems of large cities. W. E. Spear and W. W. Brush.

Standard specifications for cast iron pipe and special castings. F. A. Barbour, as chairman of special committee.

Standard specifications for valves. B. C. Little, as chairman of special

committee.

Standard specifications for hydrants. B. C. Little, as chairman of special

committee.

Standard specifications for meters. C. M. Saville and W. W. Brush, as chairmen of the two sections of a joint committee.

Summary of report on plumbing to the Secretary of Commerce. G. C. Whipple.

Loss of head in corporation cocks and service pipes. B. J. Bleistein, E. E. Wall and Abel Wolman.

Corrosion of pipes. Gordon M. Fair.

Practical aspects of electrolysis. E. E. Minor, as chairman of special committee, and Chas. F. Meyerherm.

Testing of water works materials and supplies. T. H. Wiggin, as chairman of special committee.

Water consumption and metering in representative cities. V. B. Siems. Manufacturing uses of water and their influence on public supplies. V. B. Siems.

Methods and records of water waste control. W. W. Brush, as chairman of special committee.

Schedule of slides for meter rates. Allen Hazen, as chairman, and I. S. Walker, as secretary of special committee.

Rates charged for water. F. C. Jordan.

Reasonable provisions for depreciation of water works. Leonard Metcalf. Representative price trends for water works materials and labor. Leonard Metcalf.

Taxation for water plants in different states on physical property, franchises, income and securities. H. C. Wolf.

Relation of legal limits of bonded indebtedness and practice in issuing water works bonds. Abel Wolman and A. E. Goodrich.

History of water districts and their accomplishments. R. B. Morse.
Standard form of contract. J. Waldo Smith, as chairman of committee.
Past and present practice in valuing water works properties. J. W. Alvord.
Balanced budgets to provide for needed betterments and extensions. G. W.

Fuller.

Recent annual fire losses in the United States and foreign countries. G. W. Booth.

Rating schedule of National Board of Fire Underwriters for water supply and other public facilities. C. Goldsmith.

High pressure fire systems. C. Goldsmith.
Reasonable charges for private fire protection.

Nicholas S. Hill, Jr.

Reasonable charges for public fire protection. Leonard Metcalf.
Self-purification of streams, lakes and reservoirs. G. C. Whipple.
Advantages of outlets at different levels for deep reservoirs. F. E. Hale.
Aeration. W. Donaldson.

Coagulation basins for colored waters. M. Pirnie.

Plain sedimentation basins. J. R. McClintock.

Coagulation basins for turbid waters. C. M. Daily and J. R. Baylis.
Slow sand filters and appurtenances. Allen Hazen.

Rapid sand filters and appurtenances. W. Donaldson.

Operating efficiencies and economies of slow sand filters. S. M. Van Loan and F. E. Field.

Operating efficiencies and economies of rapid sand filters. E. E. Walland H. W. Streeter.

Double filtration. G. W. Fuller.

Removal of iron and manganese. W. Donaldson and M. Pirnie.

Water softening by lime and soda. C. P. Hoover.

Zeolite treatment. E. Bartow.

Ultra violet ray treatment. G. A. Johnson.

Ozonization. S. T. Powell.

Size of filtered water basins. J.H. Gregory and R. B. Morse.

Need of covers for filtered water basins. G. C. Whipple.

Summary of 30 years of experience with mechanical analysis of filter sands and gravel. Allen Hazen.

Standard specifications for pressure water filters. Associated Manufacturers of Water Purifying Equipment.*

Physical chemistry in relation to water purification. Robert Spurr Weston, as chairman of committee, F. Hannan and Abel Wolman. Chlorination. L. H. Enslow.

Algaecides. F. E. Hale.

Treating water supplies with iodide. R. A. Bolt and Abel Wolman.

Specifications for sanitary drinking fountains. J. H. Dunlap, as chairman of committee.

Records and essential data for water reports. G. H. Fenkell and J. N. Chester, in collaboration with Leonard Metcalf and E. H. Rogers, representing the New England Water Works Association.

Variations in business methods and operating procedure of representative water works. W. S. Cramer, as President of the Plant Management and Operation Division of the Association.

Liability for water-borne typhoid fever. J. A. Tobey.

Thawing frozen services and hydrants. F. A. McInnes and J. M. Goodell. Beautification of water works properties. C. S. Denman and W. W. DeBerard. Services. J. E. Gibson, as chairman of committee.

From time to time these authors received more or less help from members of their committees and others were asked to aid them. In some cases this help was substantial, the Council knows, but, in

* The standard specifications for pressure filters of the Associated Manufacturers of Water Purifying Equipment have been approved by the American Water Works Association.