11. Markings

Marking. The hydrant must be marked with the name or particular mark of the manufacturer. All letters and figures must be cast on the hydrant barrel above the ground line.

12. Testing

Testing. Hydrants for pressures of 150 pounds or less, after being assembled, shall be tested by hydraulic pressure to 300 pounds per square inch, before leaving the factory. If the working pressure is over 150 pounds per square inch the hydrants must be tested to twice the working pressure. The test must be made with the valve open in order to test the whole barrel for porosity, and strength of hydrant body. A second test must be made with valve shut in order to test the strength and tightness of the valve.

13. Directions to open

Opening. Hydrants must open to the left (counter clockwise) except those to be installed where existing hydrants open to the right, in which case the additional hydrants must turn the same as the old ones for the sake of uniformity.

SPECIFICATIONS FOR VALVES

Castings

Castings. All iron castings shall be made from a superior quality of iron, remelted in cupola or air furnace, tough and of even grain, and shall possess a tensile strength of 22,000 pounds per square inch. The castings must be clean and perfect, without blow or sand holes or defects of any kind. No plugging or stopping of holes will be allowed.

Test bars

Test bars. Specimen bars of the metal used, each being 26 inches long by 2 inches wide and 1 inch thick, shall be made without charge as often as the engineer may direct, and in default of definite instructions, the contractor shall make the test at least one bar from each heat or run of metal. The bars when placed flatwise upon supports 24 inches apart, and loaded in the center, shall support a load of 2200 pounds, and show a deflection of not less than .35 of an inch before breaking; or if preferred, tensile bars shall be made which will show a breaking point of not less than 22,000 pounds per square inch. Bars to be cast as nearly as possible to the dimensions without finishing, but corrections may be made by the engineer for variations in width and thickness, and the corrected result must conform to above requirement.

Maker's name

Name. Each valve shall have the makers' name cast upon it.

Wrought iron

Wrought iron. All wrought iron used shall be of the best quality of refined iron, of a tensile strength of at least 45,000 pounds per square inch.

Composition metals

Composition. All composition metals to be of the best quality, and, except the stems, to have a tensile strength of not less than 30,000 pounds per square inch, with 5 per cent elongation in 8 diameters, and 5 per cent reduction of area at breaking point.

Face joints

Face joints. All joints shall be faced true and smooth, so as to make, with suitable gaskets, a perfectly watertight joint.

Fitting and interchangeable parts

Fittings. The fitting of all parts must be such as make perfect joints and all parts of the valves of the same make and the same size shall be interchangeable. Valves to open as specified by the engineer.

Bolts and nuts

Bolts and nuts. All bolts and nuts in valves to be made from the best quality of double refined wrought iron or steel, heads, nuts and threads to be standard sizes.

Kind of valves

Kind. Valves shall be fully mounted with bronze or suitable non-corrodible metal, and be either of the double disc or made up gate type with bronze or suitable non-corrodible metal mounted wedging devices or have wedge shaped gates with double faces and seats, designed to work equally well with pressure on either side of the gate. The gates (or discs) shall be of cast iron with bronze or suitable non-corrodible metal faces. These faces shall be machined, dovetailed and driven into corresponding machined grooves in gates (or discs) or riveted on with bronze or suitable non-corrodible metal rivets.

The seats for composition rings in body of valve shall be turned and threaded before rings are screwed in.

To be water tight

Seat and gate rings. Both seat rings and gate (or disc) rings shall have smooth and true faces, and make a perfectly watertight joint.

Valves shall have hub ends suitable for laying with classes B and C American Water Works Association standard pipe. All valves 24 inches in diameter and larger shall be geared.

Bypasses. Where bypasses are required, they shall, unless otherwise specified, be of the following sizes:

Weight. Valves without bypasses shall be approximately not less than the following weights for the respective sizes:

Stems. Valve stems shall be made of solid brass or suitable non-corrodible metal, free from defects, and shall have a tensile strength of not less than 45,000 pounds per square inch.

Threads. Threads on stems to be square, acme or V, and cut in most perfect manner, so as to work true and smooth and in perfect line throughout the lift of the valve.

Size of stems. Valve stems at the bottom or base of the thread shall not be less than the following sizes in diameter:

Wrench nut. The wrench nut on stem shall be 2 inches square with arrow cast on showing direction which valve is to turn to open.

Painting

Painting. All iron work, after being thoroughly cleaned, to be painted throughout with asphaltum varnish, or suitable paint, or dipped in suitable coating material.

Testing

Testing. Valves must be tested for leakage and distortion as follows: On double disc or made up gate type, the body of the valve shall be drilled and tapped with a hole for pipe and a removable plug inserted, through this hole a hydraulic pressure of 300 pounds per square inch shall be applied; the wedge shaped gate type by an hydraulic pressure of 300 pounds per square inch applied, first between one end and the gate, second between the opposite end and the gate, and third in the bonnet with gate open.

STANDARD SPECIFICATIONS FOR COLD WATER METERS DISC TYPE*

Cases. All meters shall have an outer case with a separate inner chamber in which the disc operates. The outer case for all 2-inch and smaller meters shall be of bronze composition. Cast-iron frost bottoms may be provided. The outer case for meters larger than 2 inch shall be of bronze composition or of cast iron protected by a non-corrosive treatment.

All meters shall have cast on them in raised characters the size and the model and the direction of the flow through the meter shall be properly indicated. Meters larger than 1-inch shall be designed for easy removal of all interior parts without disturbing the connections to the pipe line.

External bolts. All external bolts shall be made of bronze or of galvanized iron or steel. Nuts shall be designed for easy removal after having been long in service.

Registers. Registers may be either "round" or "straight" reading, indicating in cubic feet or gallons.

All parts of the registers shall be made of non-ferrous material. The maximum indication of the initial dial and the minimum capacity of the register, when indicating cubic feet, shall be as follows:

All dials, including the initial dial, shall be subdivided into ten equal parts. All hands or pointers shall taper to a sharp point. They shall be accurately set and securely held in place.

Register boxes. Register boxes and lids shall be made of bronze composition or same material as the top case, with the name of the manufacturer cast on the lid in raised letters. The serial number of the meter shall be plainly stamped on the lid. If required, the serial number shall also be stamped on the case. The lid shall be recessed and shall lap over the box to prevent dirt from accumulating on the glass. The glass shall be inserted from the inside and

* Adopted by the American Water Works Association, June 19, 1921; by the New England Water Works Association, September 14, 1921.