In this study, for example, EPA brought expertise on the type of information needed to develop regulations, and their operating constraints, while Amoco brought an understanding of refinery operations and economics. By helping to educate each other and develop a mutual understanding of issues and technology, Amoco, EPA and the Commonwealth of Virginia together agreed on the most significant emissions from the Refinery and the most promising approaches to reducing them. Public/Private partnerships could also be used to leverage Agency resources for providing improved data needed to develop regulations. This Project illustrates a possible approach to collecting data, assessing technologies and characterizing a facility within an industry that took less time and Agency resources but relied more on private support. 1.4.5 Conduct Research on the Potential Health and The Refinery is a major source of the area's VOC emissions. However, information on the potential adverse health effects of VOC emissions is rather limited (Graham, 1991). Research is needed to better characterize health and ecological effects of VOCs that can be used in conducting risk assessments. This study could also build on efforts currently underway at the American Petroleum Institute, and the Chemical Industry Institute of Toxicology (CIIT) and others. EPA should also undertake research to develop indicators that measure impacts on the ecosystem of multi-media releases from industrial facilities. This Project looked at several biomarkers that show promise as indicators in aquatic environments. Limited information and methods for assessing ecological risk limits the ability to conduct comprehensive risk assessments, and measure changes in environmental quality. 1.5 References AICHE, 1985, Guidelines for Hazard Evaluation Procedures, Amoco/EPA, 1992b. "Air Quality Data, Volume II," prepared by D. N. Blewitt for the Amoco/USEPA Pollution Prevention Project, Chicago. Amoco/EPA, 1991a. "Pollution Prevention Workshop," prepared by H. Klee, Jr. and SAIC for the Amoco/USEPA Pollution Prevention Project, Chicago. Amoco/EPA, 1990. "Project Workplan," prepared by H. Klee, Jr. (Amoco) and M. Podar, (USEPA) for the Amoco/USEPA Pollution Prevention Project, Chicago. API, 1991b. "The Generation and Management of Wastes and Secondary Materials in the Petroleum Refining Industry, 1987-88," American Petroleum Institute, Washington, D.C. CAA, 1990. Clean Air Act Amendments of 1990, Conference Report 101-952, October 26, 1990. "A Cohen, Y., Allen, D. T., Blewitt, D. N., and Klee, H., 1991. Multimedia Emissions Assessment of the Amoco Yorktown Refinery," presented at the 84th Annual Air and Waste Management Association meeting, Vancouver, Canada, June 17, 1991. EPA/SAB, 1990a. "Reducing Risk: Setting Priorities and Strategies for Environmental Protection," United States Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, D.C. EPA/SAB, 1990b. "The Report of the Strategic Subcommittee, EPRI, 1983. "Economic Evaluation of FGD Systems," Project Graham, J. D. (ed), 1991. Harnessing science for Environmental GAO, 1991. "Environmental Protection: Meeting Public Expectations with Limited Resources," General Accounting Office, (GAO/RCED-91-97), Washington, D.C., June, 1991, Chapter 3. Los Angeles Times, 4/14/88. See Also, Chicago Tribune, 1/25/91, Houston Post, 9/3/88, Philadelphia Inquirer, 4/29/88, and Seattle Times, 2/25/91. NRC, 1990. Tracking Toxic Substances at Industrial Facilities: Engineering Mass Balance versus Materials Accounting, National Research Council, National Academy Press, Washington, D.C. OMB, 1991. "Budget of the United States Government, Fiscal Year 1992, Section IX.C. Reforming Regulation and Managing RiskReduction Sensibly," Office of Management and Budget, Washington, D.C., February 4, 1991. Table 1.2 Participants in the AMOCO/EPA Pollution Prevention Project U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Office of Air and Radiation office of Solid Waste and Emergency Response National Advisory Council on Environmental Policy Office of Pesticides and Toxic Substances Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards Virginia Institute of Marine Science, College of William and Mary University of California at Los Angeles University of Michigan |