The pattern of regional development will continue to follow development corridors. Urban sprawl will continue to advance outward from the existing urbanized areas in the existing urbanized areas in the region.

2. During the period between now and 1980, development pressures in Loudoun County will not be of the same magnitude felt by the close-in jurisdictions. Initial growth pressures will be absorbed by the jurisdictions closer to the central city.

By 1980, the urban growth will extend well beyond the relatively closein jurisdictions and the development pressures will begin to flow into Loudoun County.

3. Effective transportation facilities serving Loudoun County and linking the county with the rest of the region will not materialize until 1985-90 period when the outer beltway is completed and rapid rail service is extended into the County.

4. "The Skyways to Highways" plan for Dulles International Airport will have been completed by 1980. Substantial industrial and commercial developments will have taken place in metropolitan counties surrounding Loudoun. These close-in job centers will induce substantial development pressures in Loudoun County beginning 1980.

The general development patterns outlined above are essentially projections of recent developments and assumptions that current general plans will be carried out. These patterns can be altered drastically if the "new towns" concept is made a specific national development goal, and is supported by an effective Federal Government program.

The two best examples of total new town developments in the nation are Reston and Columbia, located in Fairfax County and Howard County, adjacent respectively. The proximity of these two developments to Washington has been a major factor in their success to date. These attempts to concentrate population in planned environments in the suburbs are a major departure from the development pattern of the past.

The future urban form of the metropolitan area may diverge from the corridor pattern because of the new town development potentials that are latent in the area. The Outer Beltway, for example, will introduce a new factor of accessibility-a directional factor-which could be utilized as a major development guide. It is a development "force" that is basically perpendicular to the corridor pattern now existing. The potential impact of an outer beltway of this nature has never really been assessed fully. Examples of this kind of development, such as Route 128 around Boston have not been really comparable to the Washington area.

In the Washington area there is less development in the path of the Outer Beltway than was the case in the Boston area. Also, the Washington area is the site of the two prototype new towns. These two factors provide a unique opportunity for establishing a new urban form in the Washington area.

SELECTED SUBURBAN POPULATION AND EMPLOYMENT CENTERS AS SHOWN ON MAP 4 1. Andrews Air Force Base

22. Pentagon
23. Rosslyn

Research 24. Fort Belvoir

5. Naval Ordnance Laboratory

6. Goddard Space Flight Center

7. Laurel

8. Chevy-Chase

9. Silver Spring

10. Bethesda

11. National Institute of Health

12. Potomac

13. Colesville

14. Gaithersburg

15. Bureau of Standards

16. Atomic Energy Commission 17. Germantown

18. Damascus

19. Clarksburg

20. National Airport

21. Crystal City

Mr. WILLIAMS. I have other studies that I can't submit for the record because I have no copies of them, but I would like to refer for your information and perhaps your assistant would care to look them up: The Washington Center for Metropolitan Studies on "If We Can't Tax the Capitol". It is my feeling, and these are my remarks which are derived from the discussion of our group before we arrived at the position, that is, the Community Affairs Council of the D.C. Chapter of the Federal Bar Association, that there are so many services available that have already been referred to, but I would like to focus your attention on one particular phase of service that is available here in the District of Columbia that excels or is comparable to any other city in the country, and that is our hospital services.

Vast numbers of citizens from Maryland and Virginia utilize the services of our hospitals here. These hospitals can't exist and be maintained unless they have the privilege of utilizing the services that the District supplies.

We have here the Heart Association, which has rendered a tremendous services to Virginia and Maryland, so much so that we share part of our collections with them. I say to you that our existence at our location depends upon our tax exempt state.

TAX EXEMPT PROPERTIES

I heard Mr. Abernethy inquire, would you be willing to remove some of these tax exempt edifices from the tax rolls. I happen to be the President of the Unitarian Universities Laymen's League at the national chapter, and as you know, one of our advocacies is that churches and also our Unitarian Church at 16th and Harvard Street-have recommended that they pay some monies in the form of taxation for the properties and edifices in which they hold their services and other activities.

So I say to you, we come here not to criticize you or to tell you to hold up or slow down because you're going to have to proceed at your own pace, but we do come here to ask you to focus your attention on the studies that we have referred to because they are the citizens of Virginia and Maryland-particularly we are concerned with them because we are one metropolitan area. You're nearer to Virginia and Maryland than you are to my home, where I live, sitting here in this

room.

We focus your attention on that because we feel that the people in those communities recognize the fact that we need this help and we've got to have a viable District of Columbia if they're going to continue to grow. And as far as any future business in the District of Columbia or extension of business, Mr. Chairman, that will not happen. All the business is locating itself on the periphery of the District. They're catering not only to the Maryland people, but most of our District people shop there. I heard one of the members the other day remark about the people coming into the big city of Chicago to shop.

This is true because many of our citizens here in the District do not shop at the places located in the District. Why? You don't have the variation; you don't have the choice cuts when it comes to food and meats, so they all shop in the periphery area of Maryland.

62-938 0-71-pt. 2

I merely cite that to show you that the District of Columbia is so bound up in the progress of the entire metropolitan area that it would be unwise and it would be wise and a move of genius upon your part, I think, if you could put across the reciprocal income tax to help us here in the District to maintain and to promote ourselves to the extent that we should and to be a safe place; to a place that can provide the proper services; to be a place that can turn out students who are going to do what?-work in Maryland, work in your homes, work in the factories and other installations in Maryland and Virginia. This we need and I think this is what you can do.

And I certainly want to thank you for this opportunity of supplementing my remarks and I certainly hope that you might see the wisdom of them.

Mr. CABELL. The Chair wishes to thank you also, Mr. Williams, for appearing here, because I think that you've brought out some point that possibly had been overlooked by others who had testified for this Committee.

Mr. Abernethy?

Mr. ABERNETHY. I just want to welcome Mr. Williams. He has appeared before the Committee so many times over the years.

Mr. WILLIAMS. Thank you, sir.

Mr. CABELL. Mr. Mikva?

Mr. MIKVA. No questions.

Mr. CABELL. Mr. Williams, with respect to this matter of property exemptions, are you familiar with the fact that there are many jurisdictions which do not allow churches tax exemption, except on their sanctuary?

Mr. WILLIAMS. I'm aware of that. We are willing to pay taxes on our sanctuary at All Soul's Church.

Mr. CABELL. Is Mrs. Sherry Friedman here? Mrs. Friedman, would you come forward?

STATEMENT OF MRS. SHERRY V. FRIEDMAN, D.C. DEMOCRATIC WOMAN'S CLUB AND D.C. CITIZENS FOR CONSTITUTIONAL RIGHTS

Mrs. FRIEDMAN. Thank you.

First I'd like to thank you for the opportunity to be heard and I would like to tell you that I am here to speak on behalf of the D.C. Democratic Woman's Club, of which I am Chairman of the District Affairs Committee, and also the D.C. Citizens for Constitutional Rights, of which I am President. Or perhaps even more important, I am here as a woman who is in private business here in the District of Columbia with a very deep concern for the entire metropolitan area, which I consider is basically and economically one unit.

What concerns me is that of the 500,000 people who are working in this city, more than half don't pay taxes here. And this is not only because of exemptions, because of residents in Maryland and Virginia, but the host of people employed by international agencies who are exempt from taxes and those employed by embassies and the many other military who pay taxes in their other home States away from this particular place.

Whenever we discuss this, we're told that substantial purchases are made in D.C. and therefore the sales taxes are of benefit to us. The fact is that in a recent survey which I was involved with, we found that no substantial buying was done here, with the exception of certain luxury items which were purchased by residents of Maryland and Virginia, very high luxury items, where the citizens wished to circumvent the sales taxes imposed by their own States, and therefore did some buying here. And on the contrary, as the previous witness said, photographs taken of shopping centers at Klein's and various places show substantial numbers of cars bearing D.C. plates. It's interesting that, far from adding to our coffers, they add, the commuters add to the confusion and to the expense.

The suburbanite drives into the city, adding to the pollution, parks illegally, tears up his ticket and drives home, blithely unconcerned, to his little island to the north, south or east of the city.

It is very difficult to understand how in this year, at this point in history and civilization, anyone living on the northern side of Western Avenue in Chevy Chase, Maryland, believes that he has no part in the concerns of those living on the southern side of the street in Chevy Chase, D.C. Can it be that it is more comfortable to close one's eyes and mind to unpleasant sights and disturbing thoughts in the hope that if they are unacknowledged, they will disappear?

The unawakened, among the suburbanites, rest easy in the conviction that our problems are none of their affair. But if you take a drive from Boston or New York to Washington, D.C., you no sooner leave the confines or area of one city, when you're emerging on the next. And suburbanites who think they're immune to the city, are going to find that they are closer to the city than they ever thought they were and yet, with every decade, they're going to be closer and closer. There are no more hiding places left, and I think this ought to be let known now. We're all going to have to stand still and face a problem which is mutual to us.

The gentleman from Arlington, let's say, who works in D.C. and suffers a coronary attack and is rushed by a fire department ambulance to George Washington University Hospital, he knows very well that he could not have taken a taxi to the hospital in his county-where he lived. His fate was very definitely tied to the availability and efficiency of the city's ambulance service.

If you have spent your lunch hour in a restaurant, reasonably confidant that the food you are eating would not make you ill, you may thank the District residents and taxpayers who provided the services of a health inspector. The traffic lights which enable you to cross the street in safety, and the policeman who stood in the driving rain to direct traffic around a stalled car, was provided through the courtesy of the District taxpayer.

I am very aware of the resentment of a resident, let's say, of Maryland or Virginia, when he's faced with the idea of paying taxes to an area where he doesn't live. I know he feels he owes no allegiance because sometimes I come out of my house when there's been a heavy snow fall during the night and I walk around and I see the secondary streets in the Districts are unplowed. The reason they're unplowed is because equipment is needed on the main streets to provide clear passage for people who are commuters. I may feel a little resentful, but