TABLE 2.-Maximum, minimum, and ordinary wages (expressed in dollars and cents) paid on British steam vessels in 1897. TABLE 3.—Average monthly wages (expressed in dollars and cents) paid to able seamen on British vessels. Port. I.-Bound to North America. 1870. 1880. 1890. 1895. 1896. 1897. 1870. 1880. 1890. 1895. 1896. 1897. London... 15.79 $17.01 $24.30 $17.01 $17.01 $18. 22 $13.36 $13.36 $17.01 $14.58 $14.58 19.44 17.01 21.87 19.44 19.44 19.44 15.79 12. 15 17.01 13.36 13.36 13.36 23.08 18.47 17.18 24.55 19.44 19.44 19.78 15.90 14.12 17.53 13.85 13.85 13.97 14.58 15.79 19.44 17.01 17.01 17.01 12.15 12.15 17.01 17.01 18.22 21.87 19.44 19.44 18. 22 13.36 13.36 Newcastle and Shields.. 17.01 17.01 21.87 19.44 19.44 19. 44 13.97 13.36 17.01 23.08 20.65 18.22 III.-Bound to South 13.36 14.58 13.36 13.36 14.58 14.58 15.79 15.96 16.09 21.00 17.82 18. 22 18.22 13.26 13.18 17.41 13.36 14. 17 15. 18 Average... 15.79 13.36 21.28 17.01 17.01 17.01 13.36 12.15 17.01 13.36 13.36 13.36 14.58 13.36 14.58 13.36 19.44 17.01 17.01 17.01 12.15 12. 15 14.58 13.36 13.36 13.36 14.58 15.79 19.44 17.01 17.01 17.01 12.15 12.15 17.01 13.36 13.36 13.36 17.01 21.87 19.44 19.44 19.44 12.15 12.15 17.01 14.58 14.58 14.58 15.18 14.82 20.96 17.60 17.82 18.22 12.90 12.49 16.52 13.67 13.67 13.85 14.58 15.79 18.22 18.22 13.36 12.15 17.01 21.87 17.01 17.01 17.01 13.36 13.36 17.01 14.58 13.36 13.36 12.15 17.01 14.58 15.79 14.58 12. 15 12.15 14.58 13.36 13.36 13.36 19.44 17.01 17.01 19.44 17.01 17.01 18.22 12.15 12. 15 17.01 14.57 15. 17 20.45 16.40 17.49 18.02 13.45 12.66 16.52 13.66 13.66 13.36 12.15 12.15 17.01 12.15 12.15 15.79 14.58 20.65 15.79 15.79 15.79 13.36 12.15 17.01 13.36 13.36 13.36 17.01 13.36 13.36 13.36 19.44 17.01 18.22 17.01 12. 15 18.22 18.22 14.58 14.58 19.44 17.01 17.01 17.01 12. 15 15.79 15.79 20.65 12. 15 14.58 13.36 12.15 13.36 Newcastle and Shields. 14.58 17.01 21.87 17.01 19.44 19.44 12.15 12.15 17.01 14.58 14.58 14.58 Average. VI.-Bound to Australia. Bristol.. Glasgow. Liverpool London.... Newcastle and Shields .. Average.. 14.82 15.38 20.85 17.41 17.61 18.02 12.55 12.35 16.52 13.36 13.36 13.36 13.36 17.01 17.01 12.15 14.58 14.58 21.87 15. 79 19.44 17.01 13.36 10.93 17.01 13.36 13.36 13.36 17.01 13.36 15.79 12.15 12.15 14.58 13.36 13.36 13.36 19.44 15.79 12.15 14.58 19.44 17.01 17.01 17.01 12.15 12.15 17.01 13.36 13.36 13.36 12.75 15.79 21.14 17.36 18.83 18. 22 12.39 12.14 16.40 13.36 13.66 13.66 Sailing vessels. TABLE 4.-Average monthly wages (expressed in dollars and cents) of mates, petty officers, engineers, and firemen on British vessels in the foreign trade. Steamships. Under 500 tons. First mates. Second mates 1870. 1880. 1890. 1895. 1896. 1897. 1870. 1880. 1890. 1895. 1896. 1897. Boatswains. Carpenters. First engineers. Carpenters. Quartermasters APPENDIX D. THE WORLD'S TONNAGE, MOTIVE POWER, AND MATERIALS OF CONSTRUCTION. The following tables give the latest information available as to the tonnage of the merchant marine of the world. Table 1 is a compilation from the annual report of the British Board of Trade, dated June 23, 1898. The figures are based on the official figures of the various Governments. It shows the tonnage of principal nations, and tonnage added annually for a term of years. Tables 2 and 3 are from the annual volumes of the two great classification societies, Lloyd's and the Bureau Veritas. The minimum tonnage recognized by these societies is considerably higher than the legal basis of official returns of any Government. Neither society takes any cognizance in its statistics of steam vessels of less than 100 tons. Gross and net tonnage are stated by both, and comparison of Table 1 with Table 2 or 3 will indicate where net tonnage is employed in Table 1. Both societies consider only net tonnage in the case of sailing vessels, Lloyd's taking cognizance of those over 100 net tons, the Bureau Veritas of those over 50 tons. The gross tonnage of sailing vessels generally is only about 5 per cent greater than their net tonnage. The promptitude of these large private companies brings their figures down to a much more recent date than Government reports. The volume of the Répertoire Général is dated September 1, 1898, the current volume of Lloyd's Register, July 1. 1898. Table 4 is compiled from Lloyd's Register for the past nine years and shows the motive power and chief materials of construction of the world's merchant navies as recorded by Lloyd's. The increase of gross tonnage with the decrease in number of vessels gives a rough measure of the increasing size of vessels, due largely to the increasing use of steel. The steady increase in number of steam vessels and marked increase in their tonnage, with a decrease in both number and tonnage of sailing vessels, will be noted. The wooden steam tonnage is virtually stationary; wooden sailing tonnage shows a decrease. Iron construction, both for steam and sail, shows a steady decrease, while steel sailing vessels are now three times in excess of those of 1890, and steam tonnage of steel has increased from about 4,000,000 tons in 1890 to over 12,000,000 tons in 1898. Like figures for Great Britain, the British colonies, France, and Germany have been compiled from Lloyd's. Table 5 gives the total tonnage tables of the Bureau Veritas for a period of years, with a table of potential tonnage, obtained by the Bureau of Navigation by multiplying the steam net tonnage by 4 and adding to it the sailing tonnage, the ratio of 4 to 1 being the present measure of the efficiency of steam tonnage compared with sail tonnage. In an estimate of the carrying power of the world's ocean tonnage it is necessary to take cognizance of the factor of efficiency. The figures of both Lloyd's and the Bureau Veritas as to American tonnage are inadequate statements. Table 6 shows the vessels of over 100 tons built during each of the past seven years, according to returns received by Lloyd's. Table 7 contains the essential parts of Lloyd's annual summary of shipbuilding returns for the calendar year 1896. Table 8 gives Lloyd's report of the world's construction in progress on September 30, 1898. Table 9 gives Lloyd's report of vessels lost or broken up during 1897, with the causes of loss. I. THE WORLD'S MERCHANT MARINE. Statement of the world's tonnage (from return on progress of British shipping for 1897), based on official returns. [There is no uniformity in these returns, some nations resting statistics on gross, some on net, tonnage. The minimum tonnage recognized by the laws of each nation is stated.] |