assure that the program is responsive to water resource needs of the Nation, its regions, and its States.

Performance of these functions will require staff that is highly knowledgeable about water problems and existing research, and that has mature judgment in conferring and counseling with the research centers and others participating in the program.

A principal purpose of the act is to stimulate and supplement present programs for research on water resources problems, and to encourage the training of scientists and engineers to work in this field. Pursuant to the provisions of the act, this will be accomplished through financial assistance to one water resources research center in each State, and through grants and other arrangements to assist in meeting the expenses of specific water resources research by these institutes and others. The act specifies that the institute shall be established at a land-grant university or college unless the legislature of the State has provided otherwise by specific enactment.

Water resources research and the training of water scientists and engineers will go hand in hand. The research will be under the leadership of the university faculty members concerned with the various subjects related to water resources problems. In conjunction with such research, graduate students and others seeking to secure advanced training as water scientists and engineers may be engaged as assistants in the performance of such research. In this manner, the program will at the same time provide the new knowledge needed to deal with water problems and result in producing additional highly qualified people to work on these problems.

There is wide agreement that a shortage of qualified water scientists and engineers is a major element in the present critical situation. This conclusion is emphasized in special reports of the National Academy of Sciences-National Research Council, the Federal Council for Science and Technology, and in reports of professional groups such as the American Society of Civil Engineers and others. Evidence of the increasing need for qualified water scientists and engineers is brought out almost daily in newspaper reports of new State and Federal activities to relieve conditions of water shortages, drought, floods, and water quality deterioration. Especially needed are qualified water resources specialists for State and local governments and others responsible for local, State, and regional problems.

To aid in meeting this shortage of highly qualified workers, particular emphasis in the water resources research is on establishment of State centers and on the training of water scientists and engineers at the State universities and land-grant colleges.

Through their own associations and committees, and through their individual actions, the State universities and land-grant colleges have taken the initiative in preparing for the research and training programs contemplated by Public Law 88-379. From information secured through the Association of State Universities and Land-Grant Colleges, and through the Universities Council on Water Resources, it is evident that at least 15 States are already well prepared to make effective use of assistance to a water resources research center in their State. It is further evident that a substantial number of land-grant institutions are already well prepared to make effective use of matching grants toward the cost of specific water research projects. The present appropriation request will permit the Office of Water Resources Research to initiate this program on a sound basis through support to these universities that have already prepared themselves to concentrate their talents on this important task.

PROVISIONS OF WATER RESOURCES RESEARCH ACT OF 1964

Mr. KIRWAN. Briefly highlight the provisions of this new legislation. Mr. CALHOUN. The new legislation calls for the establishment of a water resources research institute in each of the States and Puerto Rico. In section 100 (a), the act authorizes for each such institute. $75.000 for the first year, $87,500 in the second and third years, and $100,000 thereafter. The approval of additional matching grants, pursuant to section 101, is based on proposals submitted by the institutes for work on a competitive basis. This work will be in water re

sources research responsive to the needs of the Nation, the region, and the State and will be work that does not overlap or conflict with the work of other Federal agencies or State agencies or other universities. Under title II there is $1 million a year that will permit approval of grants to universities, private institutions, research institutions, individuals, or companies, for research work on water within the mission of the Department of the Interior; also on a competitive basis.

GRANTS TO STATES

Mr. KIRWAN. $1,125,000 of the request is for grants to the States for water resources research under section 100 (a) of the act. The estimate assumes that 15 States will be ready to receive the grant of $75,000 provided under the act for the first year. What States are these and to what extent are they ready to undertake this research this year?

Mr. CALHOUN. There is no list of 15 States which represent a specific 15 that are ready for institutes. In order to come up with the approvals, it is necessary for the Secretary to determine that the institutes are competent and qualified, and that they will have a program of work which will not duplicate any existing water resources research and which has reasonable expectation of fulfilling the conditions that are laid down. In order to make the determination of this competency it will be necessary for us to secure information from the universities concerning their institutes and how they are organized and what their plans will be. In order to say which they will be would require a judgment on my part which I am not prepared to make.

However, on the basis of the information we have been receiving, we believe that at least 15 States will be able to come in within a short period of time and that in something in the order of a couple months, we will be able to process applications that will demonstrate competency.

Mr. KIRWAN. As these States would not be able to conduct research for the full 12 months of this fiscal year, why is it necessary to provide the full amount of $75,000 in each case?

Mr. CALHOUN. These States have been preparing themselves for this particular legislation for some time, and they have well-developed ideas that they are ready to go to work on. Generally the universities are keyed in to an academic year, starting the 1st of September, so we think they should be able to start out on this minimum amount of money to do an effective job.

Mr. KIRWAN. What steps will you take to assure that the research to be conducted by the States will not duplicate the research now being conducted by the Federal Government and other agencies?

Mr. CALHOUN. In the first place, we will make use of the Science Information Exchange, which has a record of all research now going on. In addition, we will require a showing on the part of the applicants that they have made an inquiry to Science Information Exchange to see what is in progress or what is planned. Furthermore, we will require that the proposal state its own plan in such manner that we can make an inquiry of SIE. In addition, we will require a showing as to whether or not the proposal or a similar proposal has gone to some other agency for funding.

In addition to this we will have people who are experts in various fields, specialists who will review our program and help us formulate a broad program. Also, they will review the proposals and give us a judgment as to whether the work is justified and whether someone else is doing it.

In addition, on the advisory groups, we will have people from other Federal and State agencies as well as the universities.

And finally, we will rely on our individual staff members who are in continuing contact with the other agencies.

MATCHING GRANTS

Mr. KIRWAN. $250,000 of the request is for matching on a dollar-fordollar basis funds made available to institutes by States or other nonFederal sources for specific water resources projects. What definite plans do you now have for the use of this $250,000?

Mr. CALHOUN. Our estimate is that this $250,000 will allow those institutes that can qualify within a short period of time to come in with specific research projects which would be worthy and which could not be done under their basic funding. We anticipate these grants will average $10,000 to $15,000 a grant so that we would have something in the order of 20 or so grants.

Mr. KIRWAN. To what extent are the States now ready to match funds that would be allocated under this $250,000?

Mr. CALHOUN. This, sir, is difficult for me to say in specific detail. However, I am assured by the university presidents with whom I have talked and with the people who are experts in this field that they will be able to match money and they are very anxious to go ahead.

Mr. KIRWAN. Just how would the research that would be conducted under this $250,000 differ from that that would be accomplished under the request for $1,125,000?

Mr. CALHOUN. It would differ in this respect, that some of the universities who will be able to qualify and show competency will indeed be able to show a program that would be effective and efficient at a higher level than the $75,000. So, in effect, this offers an amount of money toward which or for which they could offer proposals to compete with one another and to increase their activity beyond the $75,000 allotment to the institute would allow.

ADMINISTRATION

Mr. KIRWAN. $160,000 of the request is for administration. Explain why these funds are necessary and how many new personnel are provided for?

Mr. CALHOUN. There are eight persons provided for under this initial-stage program. These eight persons call for a director, an associate director, three scientist-engineers, and the remaining are one executive officer and two secretaries. This staff would carry out the functions of making contacts with the universities to obtain a detailed explanation of their proposals as they are submitted, to develop the format of specifications which we would ask from the institutes so that we could judge whether their programs and their budgets were laid out in accordance with a good sound approach to this subject; so that we could develop contacts with knowledgeable people in the water

resource research field and bring them together to help identify the critical areas; so that we could inspect the facilities of some of these applicants to verify the competence they have set down on paper; and to set in motion the procedures to make sure that we will in fact do this coordinating job. These are the types of functions the staff members would do.

Mr. KIRWAN. Mrs. Hansen.

Mrs. HANSEN. I want to know if some of the State legislatures will have to meet to appropriate money or if the board of regents can approve this before you can have the States participate in this?

Mr. CALHOUN. It seems to me that this is the responsibility of the university itself. The qualification of the university is spelled out in the act and if the university that applied met the conditions according to the advice of our legal counsel, it seems to me then it remains a question that the university should satisfy itself on as to whether they could expend these funds without going to their legislature.

Mrs. HANSEN. As you know, most of them operate on a very tight budget and sometimes they have to go to their legislatures for increased appropriations.

Mr. CALHOUN. I would hazard the opinion that most of them would not have to. This is based on my experience on the faculties of Penn State, Texas A. & M., the University of Oklahoma, and on conversations with others, I would hazard a guess that most institutions will be able to match this amount of money that we are talking about. This will be in relatively small sums. They will, I am confident, be able to match this amount of money without going back to their legislature.

Mrs. HANSEN. Do you have States ready right now to participate? Mr. CALHOUN. We do not have papers in hand.

Mrs. HANSEN. They have given you assurance?

Mr. CALHOUN. We have assurance from presidents of universities, we have letters of all sorts in our files from these people asking what they do next, indicating they are all ready to go.

Mr. HANSEN. I noticed in my own State we have a referendum on the ballot this time. Part of those funds will go into research. That would make the State unavailable until after November. Thank you.

Mr. REIFEL. In the administration of this program will this request fully staff the unit that will be needed or do you plan to request to enlarge it later?

Mr. CALHOUN. We estimate when we get into the full size of the program, it will require roughly 22 people.

Mr. REIFEL. You are requesting eight now?

Mr. CALHOUN. That is right.

Mr. REIFEL. If this money is not used because these folks may not have completed their plans, as they anticipate and perhaps you anticipate, will this money carry over?

Mr. CALHOUN. It would be an annual appropriation.

Mr. REIFEL. These funds would revert to the Treasury. There will be a lot of interest from these institutions to get funds as soon as possible. Sidney Larson is a tough taskmaster, and I know if it were in his hands, the funds would be carefully controlled. With the confidence with which you presented your program this afternoon, I am satisfied you are not going to allocate these funds without full justifi

cation and assurance the institutions are ready to conduct effective research.

Mr. CALHOUN. We have a requirement on us to make sure they show competency, and the moneys must be spent efficiently. They will be audited and controlled in the usual manner. As you say, Mr. Larson is a pretty good watchdog.

Mr. REIFEL. Thank you.

Mr. KIRWAN. Thank you for being with us.

FRIDAY, AUGUST 14, 1964.

BUREAU OF COMMERCIAL FISHERIES

WITNESSES

C. ELDRED PETERSON, ACTING ASSISTANT DIRECTOR FOR RESOURCE DEVELOPMENT

CLEO F. LAYTON, ASSISTANT DIRECTOR FOR ADMINISTRATION