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About 90 percent of this damage was to roads and trails ($8.9 million). For fiscal year's 1964 and 1965 an additional apportionment was received to obligate $7.2 million for repair of this damage within authorizations already made by the Congress. The remainder of the road and trail damage is being deferred until fiscal year 1966.

This supplemental, therefore, is confined to $940,000 for repair and restoration of items covered within the forest land management appropriation. Within that appropriation a total estimated damage of $1,974,000 was sustained. To obtain prompt action in this emergency situation, a total of $205,000 was used from fiscal year 1964 forest land management funds. About $30,000 of this amount was in assisting in saving life and property from losses during the flood. Immediate attention was given to the more important items to meet temporary forest fire control improvement restoration needs. The Congress directed that repair of recreation facilities should be made from the regular fiscal year 1965 appropriations; $350,000 was the amount of this damage. About $82,000 additional is being expended on urgent restoration work from regular fiscal year 1965 funds. About $397,000 represents deferral and cooperative financing anticipated. This leaves the $940,000 for this supplemental which is about one-half the damage sustained from items in this appropriation.

Three work centers and two cabins, including all of the facilities, were completely wiped out. Four ranger stations were flooded and two other work centers damaged. Three airfields used for fire and administrative work were damaged. Telephone lines, fire control structures, water systems, and various other administrative improvements sustained considerable damage.

The flood left large debris jams, undercut banks and secured stream channels in numerous headwater streams above towns, agricultural lands and reservoirs. If these streams are left untreated, they will continue to be a source of heavy sedimentation which will be deposited in downstream reservoirs and on farm lands, prevent recovery of the habitat for fishery purposes and could trigger additional floods under near normal runoff conditions with the resultant threat to loss of life and property. The debris jams also constitute intolerable fire risks. They are situated at scattered and frequently hard to reach points at the bottom of the slopes. Fires will start easily and rapidly attain a rate of spread potential beyond the capability of suppression forces. Under these circumstances, a fire starting in just one of these debris jams would likely result in damaging forest fires where suppression costs alone might exceed the cost of the total treatment proposed. Debris jams act as temporary dams. Water backs up behind them, then suddenly the jam breaks apart to release a surge of flood water which triggers a series of failures at each similar spot in the channel below. The effect is to create flood behavior under normal runoff conditions.

Undercut banks, until stabilized, continue to erode which, together with sloughing of the steepened banks, contribute large quantities of sediment to the stream. The sediment then travels downstream to be deposited in reservoirs and on farmlands to which the streams are tributary. En route, the sediment laden water destroys microorganisms which are the food supply for fish and destroys the spawning capability of the stream channel.

The scoured stream channels greatly speed up the discharge of water from tributary lands thus creating rapid peaking of floodwaters in the main downstream channels. Permanently installed obstructions in the stream channels reduce the rate of flow, create small pools to catch suspended sediment and to provide improved fish habitat.

This work, including the reseeding, should be done during the summer and early fall of 1964 to prevent further aggravation of conditions during next spring's high runoff period. The reduction of sediment and the development of pools and cover for fish would be incidental to the streambank and channel stabilization work. It can be most efficiently handled while the crews and equipment are in the area.

The work contemplated would not completely repair the damage. It will reduce the greatly increased fire hazard, reduce conditions which could contribute to serious flood damage under near normal runoff conditions and put the area in condition for the natural healing process to begin.

FLOOD DAMAGE

Mr. KIRWAN. Briefly highlight the damage experienced by these floods and summarize what this estimate will provide for.

Mr. Fox. Mr. Chairman, we have that in our statement but if you like I will briefly summarize it for you here.

Ninety percent of the damage on our national forests in Montana and Idaho was to roads and trails. Within the authorization Congress has already given us there has been an additional apportionment approved by the Bureau of the Budget, and we are proceeding with the repair of those roads and trails. This was the big item in the damage. The supplemental that we have before you today for consideration is confined to $940,000, which is about one-half of the total damage that is covered by the items within that appropriation. You will recall that this committee, within the increases allowed of $700,000 as a recreation item, said we should absorb the recreation facilities damage within that item, and this we have done.

In addition, there was an absorption at the end of the last fiscal year immediately after the floods where we had to repair temporarily telephone lines, clean out cabins and make emergency repairs in advance of the summer fire season. There was some absorption this year and we also have some cooperative State and FAA assistance for one of three airfields damaged. Therefore our request in this supplemental is for about one-half of the total damage.

Mr. KIRWAN. How much of the restoration work has actually been accomplished to date within available funds?

Mr. Fox. That which was under contract I suppose would be considered. I would estimate that as of right now about one-fourth of the total.

Mr. KIRWAN. We just finished appropriating $149.9 million for forest land management in the regular bill. How much of these flood damage costs are you absorbing within available funds?

Mr. Fox. This figure is approximately the one-half that we are talking about here.

Mr. KIRWAN. That has been absorbed?

Mr. Fox. That is right, of the flood damage that applies to this particular appropriation.

Mr. KIRWAN. Again tell us what was the damage to forest roads and trails in this area as a result of the floods and how is this repair work being financed?

Mr. Fox. To the forest roads and trails there was a damage of $8.9 million. This was the big item. For this item we have received an additional apportionment for $7.2 million and we will defer the remaining $1.7 million until fiscal year 1966, when it will be considered by this committee along with our regular estimates.

Mr. KIRWAN. Mrs. Hansen.

Mrs. HANSEN. This is emergency work that has to be done this year? Mr. Fox. Yes.

Mr. PAYNE. This year our water is very low.

Mrs. HANSEN. That is all.

Mr. KIRWAN. Mr. Harrison.

Mr. HARRISON. I want to say I have not had the problems with the Forest Service that I have had with other departments.

Mr. KIRWAN. Thank you, gentlemen.

FRIDAY, AUGUST 14, 1963.

DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR

BUREAU OF SPORT FISHERIES AND WILDLIFE

WITNESSES

LANSING A. PARKER, ASSOCIATE DIRECTOR

W. E. CORBIN, ASSISTANT DIRECTOR, ADMINISTRATION
MANAGEMENT AND INVESTIGATION OF RESOURCES

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Mr. KIRWAN. We shall take up the items requested under the Department of the Interior. First is Bureau of Sport Fisheries and $1,050,000 is requested for management and investigation of resources. We shall insert the item from House Document 338 and the justification in the record.

(The matter referred to follows:)

BUREAU OF SPORT FISHERIES AND WILDLIFE

MANAGEMENT AND INVESTIGATIONS OF RESOURCES

"For an additional amount for 'Management and investigations of resources', $1,050,000."

This proposed supplemental appropriation is to provide $900,000 to replace certain wildlife refuge receipts which were expected to be but are not now available for refuge management purposes in fiscal year 1965 as a result of a judgment of the Fifth Circuit Court of Appeals in litigation concerning mineral rights at the Delta National Wildlife Refuge. While the Federal Government is seeking a reversal of the ruling, royalty payments to the Government have been stopped. Therefore it is necessary to appropriate these funds in order to finance maintenance of wildlife refuges.

In addition, $150,000 is provided to carry out the Department's job in reviewing the registration of pesticides pursuant to a formal agreement for the "Interdepartmental Coordination of Activities Related to Pesticides" recently signed by the Secretaries of Agriculture; Health, Education, and Welfare; and the Interior.

MANAGEMENT AND INVESTIGATION OF RESOURCES, 1965

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An amount of $1,050.000 is requested, $900,000 of which is for the administration of wildlife resources activity and $150,000 is for a pesticide registration activity.

The $900.000 is requested to replace the loss of oil revenues, under the management of national wildlife appropriation, which provides supplemental financing for the administration of wildlife resources activity under the management and investigation of resources annual appropriation.

The $150,000 is requested to initiate a new activity, pesticides registration, and is to carry out the President's desires to implement the recommendations in the report, Use of Pesticides, which was prepared by his Science Advisory Committee.

JUSTIFICATION

4. Administration of wildlife resources, $900,000.-This supplemental estimate of $900.000 is needed because of a loss of oil revenues in 1964 from the Delta National Wildlife Refuge.

Seventy-five percent of net refuge revenue under 16 U.S.C. 715s is appropriated in the subsequent year by 64 Stat. 693-694 for management of national wildlife refuges and law enforcement. This supplements annual appropriations for these purposes in the management and investigations of resources appropriation, administration of wildlife resources activity. The President's budget for 1965, as appropriated, includes the following amounts from these sources of funds. Administration of wildlife resources

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Included in the above $1,918,000 total from permanent appropriations from national wildlife refuge receipts is an amount of $900,000 representing 75 percent of an estimated $1,200,000 in oil royalties to have been deposited in 1964 from operations at the Delta National Wildlife Refuge. On March 3, 1964, the Fifth Circuit Court of Appeals rendered a decision in the action entitled The Leiter Minerals, Inc. v. United States, et al., No. 19963 which held that the United States is not entitled to the oil royalties accruing on the Delta refuge because the mineral rights on these lands were not actually conveyed to the United States in the absence of an express provision in the deed meeting the requirements of State law. Judgment has not been rendered by the court and the Department of Justice filed a petition for rehearing en banc in the Fifth Circuit Court of Appeals on June 23, 1964. In view of the decision, however, the oil company has not made any royalty payments to the Government since February 28, 1964 (after $875,000 of the estimate of $1,200,000 for the year had been deposited). Furthermore, the decision prevents the use of the revenues actually deposited for purposes of the Government.

The loss of $900,000 to the Bureau's administration of wildlife resources activity must be covered by a supplemental appropriation of this amount to avoid a crippling blow to the program. The responsibility of the Government to restore populations of migratory waterfowl that were decimated by droughts of recent years has been recognized not only in increases in appropriations for these purposes over the last several years, but also by the act of October 4, 1961 (16 U.S.C. 715k-3-5) which provides for advances from the Treasury for the accelerated acquisition of wetlands for waterfowl. The appropriations for fiscal year 1965 provided for only the most urgent needs of the refuge program, including an increase of $863,573 of which $100,400 was for pay costs and $763,173 was for program purposes. This program increase is largely uncontrollable and included $106,881 for wage board and employees compensation payments, $229,173 for increased protection of refuge areas and better handling of visitors, and $427,119 for management of eight new refuges and waterfowl production areas in the State of Nebraska.

9. Pesticides registration, $150,000.-This supplemental estimate of $150,000 and eight permanent positions will implement the recommendations in the report, Use of Pesticides of the President's Science Advisory Committee.

VI-Recommendations of the report states under B-4 the following:

That: "The Secretaries of Agriculture, Interior, and Health, Education, and Welfare review and define their roles in the registration of pesticides that are not present on food, but that may impinge on fish and wildlife or come into intimate contact with the public." In accordance with this recommendation, the three Secretaries signed a formal agreement for the interdepartmental coordination of activities relating to pesticides. The Department of Interior's responsibility has been placed in the Fish and Wildlife Service, Bureau of Sport Fisheries and Wildlife.

The widespread use of certain types of pesticidal chemicals has created a new kind of environmental pollution. The chemical stability of some of these products has resulted in pesticidal residues in soils and waters. The tendency of many of these toxicants to persist for long periods and to concentrate in fish and wildlife food organisms has caused acute or chlorine poisoning of fishes, birds, and mammals. Mortality of this nature is likely to become increasingly serious

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