October 18, 1979 the subcommittee met in open markup session to consider H. Con. Res. 147 (expressing the sense of the Congress with respect to the Baltic States and with respect to Soviet claims of citizenship over certain U.S. citizens). The text of a clean resolution (H. Con. Res. 200) was approved for full committee action. On October 24, 1979 the full Committee on Foreign Affairs considered the measure in open markup session and ordered it favorably reported as amended by voice vote. On November 1, 1979 the Foreign Affairs Committee reported with amendments H. Con. Res. 200. On November 13 H. Con. Res. 200 passed the House of Representatives by recorded vote. The hearing was published as "Human Rights and the Baltic States."

8. United Nations Finances, Parts I and II.—The subcommittee met jointly with the Subcommittee on International Operations, on June 27 and November 8, 1979, to explore the U.N.'s financial management practices, particularly in the areas of accounting, auditing, and -investments. The subcommittee also examined the political implications for U.S. participation in the U.N. stemming from allegations of financial mismanagement in the U.N. system. The second hearing concerned ways to improve the U.N.'s accounting, auditing and other financial management practices. These hearings were published as "U.N. Finances, Parts I and II."

9. Deep Seabed Hard Mineral Resources Act, Part 1.-Three days of hearings were held jointly with the Subcommittee on International Economic Policy and Trade, July 11, November 1, and December 19, 1979 to address the issues relating to unilateral U.S. enactment of deep seabed mining legislation, and the impact of such legislation on the U.N. Conference on the Law of the Sea. Of particular interest to the subcommittees were the provisions of H.R. 2759 concerning the "grandfather clause," mining and shipping vessel flag requirements, and effective dates for the commencement of mining operations.

10. UNESCO and Freedom of Information.-A hearing was held on July 19, 1979, to review the proposal "New World Information Order" initiated by UNESCO at its General Conference in 1978. The subcommittee examined major issues associated with these proposals and discussed the positions of the U.S. and other major country groups on issues brought before the 1979 World Administrative Radio Conference, held from September 24 to December 1, 1979, in Geneva.

The hearing was published as "UNESCO and Freedom of Information."

11. U.S. Policy and the Conflict in the Western Sahara.-Two days of hearings were held jointly with the Subcommittee on Africa, July 23 and 24, 1979, to review recent developments in the Western Saharan conflict. Appearing before the subcommittees were representatives of the executive branch, and private individuals from research organizations and academic institutions. These hearings were published as "U.S. Policy and the Conflict in the Western Sahara." 12. U.S. Policy and Major Issues in the 34th U.N. General Assembly. Two days of hearings were held by the subcommittee on September 13 and 19, 1979 to assess U.S. positions on key issues facing the 34th U.N. General Assembly and to examine the preparations of the U.S. Delegation for this session. During the first hearing, the subcommittee received testimony from State Department witnesses.

At the second hearing, the subcommittee heard from private witnesses, including former congressional and public members of the U.S. Delegation. These hearings were published as, "U.S. Policy and Major Issues in the 34th U.N. General Assembly."

13. Human Rights and the Phenomenon of Disappearances.The subcommittee held 3 days of hearings on September 20, 25 and October 18, 1979 to examine the phenomenon of disappeared persons as a violation of human rights. The subcommittee investigated the magnitude of this problem, and considered recommendations for initiatives on both the governmental and the nongovernmental level. Testimony was received from members of the clergy, human rights orga nizations, eye witnesses and the Administration.

14. North Pacific Fur Seal Protection Act (H.R. 5033).—A joint hearing was held with the Subcommittee on Asian and Pacific affairs on September 27, 1979, to gain a better understanding of the North Pacific fur seal harvest, and assess the positions of various groups concerned about North Pacific fur seals. Witnesses included Members of Congress, Administration and non-governmental organizations, witnesses including Patrick Pletnikoff, the president of the Tanaq Corporation of St. George Island and the Executive Director of the Aleut/ Pribilof Island Association. Under consideration by the subcommittees is H.R. 5033, introduced by subcommittee chairman Wolff, which provides for the termination of the Interim Convention on the Conservation of North Pacific Fur Seals of February 9, 1957 and an end to the commercial harvest of seals on the Pribilof Islands.

15. North American Energy Cooperation, Part I.-A joint hearing was held on September 27, 1979 with the Subcommittees on International Economic Policy and Trade, and on Inter-American Affairs to review legislation calling for strengthened cooperative ties between the U.S., Canada and Mexico concerning energy matters, and to examine U.S. and Canadian consideration of West to East crude oil transportation arrangements. Testifying were Members of the House and Senate, officials from the Department of the Interior, Department of State, Department of Energy, and a member of the Canadian Parliament. These hearings were published as "North American Energy Cooperation, Part I."

16. Human Rights and Africa. A joint hearing was held with the Subcommittee on Africa on October 21, 1979 to evaluate human rights conditions in Africa. The subcommittees reviewed the process by which human rights reports from the Department of State and other organizations are prepared; ascertained which countries in Africa are responsible for the more serious human rights violations, and considered views concerning the most important human rights problems affecting the Continent. The Administration and private human rights organizations presented testimony.

17. Rhodesian Sanctions and Markup of H. Con. Res. 213, 215, and 217.—A joint hearing and markup session with the Subcommittee on Africa was held December 5 and 11, 1979 respectively, to focus on whether or not the United States should unilaterally lift sanctions against Rhodesia prior to any action by the United Nations Security Council. A resolution calling upon the President to lift sanctions under certain circumstances as adopted by the subcommittees on Decem

ber 11, 1979. The full Committee on Foreign Affairs approved the resolution later the same day. The hearing and markup were published as "Rhodesian Sanctions: Should the United States Lift Them?" Other Activities

Briefings:

(a) United Nations University.-On February 27, 1979 the subcommittee was briefed by Dr. James Hester, Rector and Dr. Alex Kwapong on funding needs for FY 80 and FY 81.

(b) Eighth Session of the Third United Nations Conference on the Law of the Sea.-On March 7, 1979, a joint briefing was held with the Subcommittee on International Economic Policy and Trade. U.S. Ambassador Elliot Richardson explained the U.S. position and provided an analysis of the major issues to be discussed when the Law of the Sea Conference reconvened March 19, 1979 in Geneva. This briefing has been published.

(c) State Department's Human Rights Reporting System/ Israel.-On March 26, 1979, Alexandra Johnson, who formerly served as a Consular Officer at the U.S. Consulate in Jerusalem, met with staff to discuss the State Department's human rights reporting system for Israel and the occupied territories. Ms. Johnson discussed Israeli human rights practices and commented on leaks from her cables which led to press allegations of systematic abuses of Arab political prisoners by Israeli officials in Jerusalem and the West Bank. (d) UNCTAD V Meeting.-May 1, 1979, staff was briefed by Charles Meissner, Chief U.S. Delegate to the Fifth United Nations Conference on Trade and Development, which was held in Manila, Philippines from May 7 to June 1, 1979. Mr. Meissner discussed the major issues facing the Conference and the position of the U.S. on these issues.

(e) Western Sahara.-On May 1, 1979, a joint briefing was held with the Subcommittees on Europe and the Middle East and on Africa concerning the situation in the Western Sahara. Briefing the subcommittees was Tony Hodges, a British journalist who travelled recently throughout Northwestern Africa.

(f) South Korea. A joint briefing was held with the Asian and Pacific Affairs Subcommittee on May 18, 1979 regarding the Report of the American Association for the International Commission of Jurists to South Korea. Briefing the subcommittee was Adrian De Wind, former President of the Association of the Bar of the City of New York and head of AAICJ Mission to Korea.

(g) African Development Foundation.—A joint briefing was held on May 23, 1979 with the Subcommittee on Africa to review the executive branch's analysis of proposals to establish an African Development Foundation. Briefing the subcommittees was Mr. Frank Pinder, a State Department/A.I.D. consultant who had prepared a report following a field study in Africa.

(h) Chile. On May 24, 1979 members of the subcommittee were briefed by U.S. Ambassador George W. Landau regarding human rights and U.S. policy towards Chile.

(i) Rhodesia. A joint briefing with the Subcommittee on Africa was held on June 4, 1979 to review the situation in Rhodesia. Briefing

the subcommittee was Col. Vernon Gillespie (retired) who had recently returned from that country.

(j) Refugees.-On June 5th the subcommittee was briefed by the Hon. Dick Clark, U.S. Coordinator for Refugee Affairs and Ambassador-at-Large, regarding the world-wide refugee problem and the implication for international organizations seeking to help cope with these flows. This briefing has been published.

(k) United Nations.-Ambassador William van den Heuval, Chief of the U.S. Mission to International Organizations, Geneva, Switzerland, briefed the subcommittee on June 6, 1979 concerning U.N. personnel policies, and developments at the annual conference of the World Health Organization.

(1) Nicaragua. On June 6, 1979 Ambassador Lawrence H. Pezullo briefed subcommittee staff members, along with staff from the International Operations and Inter-American Affairs Subcommittees on the civil war in Nicaragua. Mr. Pezzulo provided an assessment of the conflict and implications for U.S. assistance efforts.

(m) Sri Lanka. A joint briefing was held with the Subcommittee on Asian and Pacific Affairs in June 1979 concerning human rights in Sri Lanka. Briefing the subcommittee was U.S. Ambassador Howard Wiggins.

(n) Rhodesian Sanctions. A joint briefing with the Africa Subcommittee was held on June 8, 1979 to hear the views of representatives of the Patriotic Front on Rhodesian Sanctions. Among those briefing the subcommittees was Mr. Ariston Chambati, an official with the external mission of the Zimbabwe African Peoples' Union.

(0) Central African Republic.-A joint briefing with the Africa Subcommittee was held on June 13, 1979 to discuss the human rights situation in the Central African Empire, now constituted as a republic. Briefing the subcommittees were U.S. Ambassador to the Central African Republic, Honorable Godwin Cooke, and Ms. Stephanie Grant of Amnesty International.

(p) Central America.-On June 15, 1979 a joint staff briefing was held with the Subcommittee on Inter-American Affairs to discuss a study mission report on human rights in Central America conducted by the Washington Office on Latin America.

(q) World Conference on Agrarian Reform and Rural Develop ment. Staff briefing held July 6th on the U.S. position at the conference to be held in Rome from July 12-20. Briefing by Dr. Kenneth Kaufman, Deputy Assistant Administrator, International Affairs Bureau, AID; Antonio Guyoso, Chief, Planning and Projects Division, AID's International Affairs Bureau; and Erik Éckholm, Senior Researcher, Worldwatch Institute.

(r) Human Rights in Africa. On August 2, 1979 members of the subcommittee and the Subcommittee on Africa met with a group of African jurists for an exchange of views on human rights in Africa. A major focus of the discussion concerned efforts to establish an African Human Rights Commission.

(8) Argentina.-A closed briefing was held October 15 regarding human rights issues and Argentina given for Members by a representative of the State Department.

(t) OAS General Assembly.-On October 16, 1979, a staff briefing was given by the Deputy U.S. Permanent Representative to the OAS, - Irving G. Tragen, regarding issues pended before the OAS General Assembly meeting held in La Paz, Bolivia, October 22-November 1, 1979.

(u) United Nations. A closed briefing was held on October 23, 1979 on Soviet intelligence activities in the United Nations. Briefing the subcommittee was Mr. Arkady Schevchenko, former U.N. UnderSecretary General, Department of Political and Security Council Affairs.

(v) Christopher Group.-November 2, 1979 the subcommittee held a briefing by the Deputy Assistant Secretary of State, Mark Schneider regarding the workings of the Christopher Group. Mr. Schneider was accompanied by several other representatives from the State Department and other relevant agencies.

(w) Soviet Intelligence Activities at U.N. Headquarters Abroad.—A closed briefing was given by CIA officials on November 7, 1979 to discuss Soviet intelligence activities in U.N. Headquarters abroad.

(x) OAS General Assembly.-On November 15, 1979 Tom Farer, Rutgers University Law Professor and a member of the U.S. Delegation to the OAS General Assembly, briefed staff members on U.S. initiatives concerning human rights during the Assembly meeting. (y) Arms Sales and Human Rights. On November 29, 1979 Mr. Ray Celado and Mr. Richard Grimmett of the Congressional Research Service of the Library of Congress, briefed subcommittee staff on legislative provisions and administrative procedures concerning decisions on U.S. arms sales and human rights.

(z) United Nations Relief and Works Agency for Palestinian Refugees. A briefing was held on December 10, 1979 to discuss UNRWA's programs and budgetary needs. The briefing was conducted by the Commissioner General of UNRWA, Mr. Olof Rydbeck. (aa) Šoviet Intelligence Activities in the United Nations.-A closed briefing by the FBI was held on December 10, 1979 to discuss Soviet intelligence activities at United Nations Headquarters in New York.

(bb) Arms Sales and Human Rights. On December 18, 1979 staff members of the subcommittee met with Mr. Steve Cohen and other officials in the State Department's Human Rights Bureau for a briefing on procedures for decisions on U.S. arms sales and human rights. (cc) South Korea.-Mr. David Blakemore, South Korean Desk Officer at the Department of State, briefed staff members on December 21, 1979 from the International Organizations and Asia Subcommittees regarding recent events in South Korea.

Hearings

B. 1980

1. Foreign Assistance Legislation for Fiscal Year 1981.-The subcommittee met on February 19, 21 and 26, 1980, to review the Administration's authorization request for $244.05 million for U.S. par. ticipation in international organizations and to review certain human rights concerns.