I subsequently was appointed Assistant Secretary of State. Christian A. Herter, who served as Secretary of State during the Eisenhower administration, was a committee member in the 82d Congress. More recent examples are: Chester Bowles, former Under Secretary of State; James W. Wadsworth, former U.S. Representative at the United Nations; F. Bradford Morse, Under Secretary General of the United Nations and director of the United Nations Development Program; E. Ross Adair, former Ambassador to Ethiopia; and William S. Mailliard, Ambassador to the Organization of American States.

B. Power of the Purse

The Committee on Foreign Affairs has virtually the same jurisdiction as the Senate Committee on Foreign Relations, with the exception of consideration of treaties and Presidential appointments of Ambassadors and certain other officers, which constitutionally lie only with the Senate. The House of Representatives, however, through its power over the disbursal of funds has traditionally initiated appropriations. The Committee on Foreign Affairs, therefore, bears the primary responsibility of authorizing appropriations affecting relations of the United States with foreign countries.

C. Committee Jurisdiction

(1) Scope. Since 1822, the Committee on Foreign Affairs has had a broad jurisdiction over foreign relations. It also had authority to report appropriations from 1885 to 1920 (secs. 689 and 690, Rules of the House of Representatives, H. Doc. No. 507, 83d Cong.). In the 96th Congress rule X (h) of the Rules of the House of Representatives defined the jurisdiction of the committee as follows: (h) Committee on Foreign Affairs:

(1) Relations of the United States with foreign nations generally.

(2) Acquisition of land and buildings for embassies and legations in foreign countries.

(3) Establishment of boundary lines between the United States and foreign nations.

(4) Foreign loans.

(5) International conferences and congresses.

(6) Intervention abroad and declarations of war.

(7) Measures relating to the diplomatic service.

(8) Measures to foster commercial intercourse with foreign nations and to safeguard American business interests abroad.

(9) Neutrality.

(10) Protection of American citizens abroad and expatriation.

(11) The American National Red Cross.

(12) United Nations Organizations.

(13) Measures relating to international economic policy.

(14) Export controls [including nonproliferation of nuclear technology and nuclear hardware].1

(15) International commodity agreements (other than those involving sugar) [including all agreements for cooperation in the export of nuclear technology and nuclear hardware].1

(16) Trading with the enemy.

(17) International education.

In addition to its legislative jurisdiction under the preceding provisions of this paragraph (and its general oversight function under clause 2(b) (1)), the com

1 Jurisdiction in brackets was added in the 95th Congress.

79. the expenses of investigations and e on Foreign Affairs, acting as a whole 1,745,779.90, including expenditures for eys, and clerical, and other assistants, individual consultants or organizations e Legislative Reorganization Act of 1946, e paid out of the contingent fund of the ch committee, signed by the chairman of Committee on House Administration. Not t provided by this resolution may be used ttent services of individual consultants or ection 202 (i) of the Legislative ReorganiJ.S.C. 72a (i)); but this monetary limitation 3 shall not prevent the use of such funds for

orized by this resolution shall be available for e study or investigation of any subject which is purpose by any other committee of the House; cee on Foreign Affairs shall furnish the Commitormation with respect to any study or investiga4 such funds.

anted by the resolution shall expire immediately 0.

this resolution shall be expended pursuant to reguommittee on House Administration in accordance

e further expenses of investigations and studies to be ittee on Foreign Affairs, acting as a whole or by subed $1,875,123.53, including expenditures for the employattorneys, and clerical, and other assistants, and for the es of individual consultants or organizations thereof pur) of the Legislative Reorganization Act of 1946, as amended shall be paid out of the contingent fund of the House on by such committee, signed by the chairman of such commitby the Committee on House Administration. Not to exceed 1 amount provided by this resolution may be used to procure intermittent services of individual consultants or organizations to section 202 (i) of the Legislative Reorganization Act of 1946, J.S.C. 72a (i)); but this monetary limitation on the procurement shall not prevent the use of such funds for any other authorized

00 of the funds authorized by this resolution are provided for the it of computer and computer related services requested of the House Systems by the Committee on Foreign Affairs. These funds may not Any other purpose.

mittee shall have the special oversight functions provided for in clause 3(d) with respect to customs administration, intelligence activities relating to foreign policy, international financial and monetary organizations, and international fishing agreements.

The jurisdiction as defined in the rule, with the exception of the references to nuclear technology in sections 14 and 15, was made effective January 3, 1975, following the passage in the 93d Congress of the Committee Reform Act of 1974, House Resolution 988. The committee's jurisdiction over measures relating to international economic policy and export controls was expanded on January 4, 1977 (H. Res. 5) to include nonproliferation of nuclear technology and nuclear hardware, and jurisdiction over measures relating to international commodity agreements (other than those involving sugar) was expanded to include all agreements for cooperation in the export of nuclear technology and nuclear hardware.

The special oversight function of the committee as set forth in clause 3(d) rule X, was made effective January 3, 1975 (H. Res. 988, 93d Congress).

D. Oversight Functions

The committee, by tradition and precedent, maintains a close watch over the Department of State and other agencies of the Government which are involved in foreign affairs. Under the Rules of the House of Representatives the committee is authorized to exercise continuous surveillance of the execution by the executive branch of the laws within the committee's jurisdiction. Under provisions of the Legislative Reorganization Act of 1970, the committee has the further responsibility of submitting a biennial report to the House on these review activities. The law states:

SEC. 136. (a) In order to assist the House in

(1) its analysis, appraisal, and evaluation of the applications, administration, and execution of the laws enacted by the Congress, and

(2) its formulation, consideration, and enactment of such modifications of or changes in those laws, and of such additional legislation, as may be necessary or appropriate,

each standing committee shall review and study, on a continuing basis, the application, administration, and execution of those laws, or parts of laws, the subject matter of which is within the jurisdiction of that committee.

(b) Each standing committee shall submit to the House, not later than January 2 of each odd-numbered year beginning on or after January 1, 1973, a report on the activities of that committee under this clause during the Congress ending at noon on January 3 of such year.

In compliance with this requirement, the committee filed a report on its legislative review activities on December 30, 1980, covering the work of the 96th Congress. It is House Report 96-1553 and contains a more detailed listing of the committee oversight and review activities than is possible here.

E. Study Missions and Participation in International Conferences and Events

The committee has kept itself informed of the latest developments in foreign affairs. The usual frequent conferences with high Government officials, both civil and military, have been augmented by special study missions to various parts of the world to obtain firsthand

knowledge of the problems of foreign countries and the administration of U.S. programs and operations falling within the purview of the committee. Committee members have also been designated to serve as official delegates to a number of international conferences and events.

F. Funding of Investigations and Studies

The funding of the committee's investigations and studies is provided for in an annual resolution. For the first session of the 96th Congress it was House Resolution 98:

H. RES. 98

Resolved, That effective January 3, 1979, the expenses of investigations and studies to be conducted by the Committee on Foreign Affairs, acting as a whole or by the subcommittee, not to exceed $1,745,779.90, including expenditures for the employment of investigators, attorneys, and clerical, and other assistants, and for the procurement of services of individual consultants or organizations thereof pursuant to section 202(i) of the Legislative Reorganization Act of 1946, as amended (2 U.S.C. 72a (i)), shall be paid out of the contingent fund of the House on vouchers authorized by such committee, signed by the chairman of such committee, and approved by the Committee on House Administration. Not to exceed $55,000 of the total amount provided by this resolution may be used to procure the temporary or intermittent services of individual consultants or organizations thereof pursuant to section 202(i) of the Legislative Reorganization Act of 1946, as amended (2 U.S.C. 72a (i)); but this monetary limitation on the procurement of such services shall not prevent the use of such funds for any other authorized purpose.

SEC. 2. No part of the funds authorized by this resolution shall be available for I expenditure in connection with the study or investigation of any subject which is being investigated for the same purpose by any other committee of the House; and the chairman of the Committee on Foreign Affairs shall furnish the Committee on House Administration information with respect to any study or investigation intended to be financed from such funds.

SEC. 3. The authorization granted by the resolution shall expire immediately prior to noon on January 3, 1980.

SEC. 4. Funds authorized by this resolution shall be expended pursuant to regulations established by the Committee on House Administration in accordance with existing law.

For the second session of the 96th Congress it was House Resolution 527:

H. RES. 527

Resolved, That for the further expenses of investigations and studies to be conducted by the Committee on Foreign Affairs, acting as a whole or by subcommittee, not to exceed $1,875,123.53, including expenditures for the employment of investigators, attorneys, and clerical, and other assistants, and for the procurement of services of individual consultants or organizations thereof pursuant to section 202(i) of the Legislative Reorganization Act of 1946, as amended (2 U.S.C. 72a (i)), shall be paid out of the contingent fund of the House on vouchers authorized by such committee, signed by the chairman of such committee, and approved by the Committee on House Administration. Not to exceed $55,000 of the total amount provided by this resolution may be used to procure the temporary or intermittent services of individual consultants or organizations thereof pursuant to section 202(i) of the Legislative Reorganization Act of 1946, as amended (2 U.S.C. 72a (i)); but this monetary limitation on the procurement of such services shall not prevent the use of such funds for any other authorized purpose.

SEC. 2. $80,000 of the funds authorized by this resolution are provided for the reimbursement of computer and computer related services requested of the House Information Systems by the Committee on Foreign Affairs. These funds may not be used for any other purpose.