which has been put into them. Had there been a little prior thought about a reasonable balance between primitive and developed areas, these roads would not have been constructed.

From the standpoint of the Indians, it is of special importance to save as many areas as possible from invasion by roads. Almost everywhere they go the Indians encounter the competition and disturbances of the white race. Most of them desire some place which is all their own. If, on reservations where the Indians desire privacy, sizable areas are uninvaded by roads, then it will be possible for the Indians of these tribes to maintain a retreat where they may escape from constant contact with white men.

The present Indian Service policy emphasizes giving the Indians an opportunity to work for their livelihood. One important potential source of enjoyable and remunerative work is for the Indians to guide parties on camping and pack trips. It is obvious that no one is going to require a guide to travel down a road. The possibility for Indians to make money through guiding lies in maintaining portions of their reservations in a wild enough condition so that someone visiting them might conceivably need a guide.

In spite of these important advantages of maintaining roadless areas in general and especially of maintaining them on Indian reservations, it is nevertheless true that roadless areas are rapidly vanishing. The National Resources Board defines a roadless area as one which contains no provision for the passage of motorized transportation and which is at least 100,000 acres in forested country and at least 500,000 acres in non-forested country. Under such a definition there are left in the United States only 82 forest roadless areas and only 29 non-forest roadless areas. The number of such areas on Indian reservations is even more limited. Clearly, it seems exigent to set aside as many as practicable while the opportunity remains. Consequently, I am establishing the policy that existing areas without roads or settlements on Indian reservations should be preserved in such a condition, unless the requirements of fire protection, commercial use for the Indians' benefit or actual needs of the Indians clearly demand otherwise.

Under this policy, I hereby order that the following shall be established as roadless areas on Indian reservations:

The boundaries of these areas are indicated in the appendix to this order.

Within the boundaries of these officially designated roadless and wild areas it will be the policy of the Interior Department to refuse consent to the construction or establishment of any routes passable to motor transportation, including in this restriction highways, roads, truck trails, work roads, and all other types of way constructed to make possible the passage of motor vehicles either for transportation of people or for the hauling of supplies and equipment. Foot trails and horse trails are not barred. Superintendents of reservations on which roadless and wild areas have been established will be held strictly accountable for seeing that these areas are maintained in a roadless condition. Elimination of any areas or parts of areas from the restriction of this order will be made only upon a written showing of an actual and controlling need.

JOHN COLLIER, Commissioner. Approved, October 29, 1937. HAROLD L. ICKES,

Secretary of the Interior.

APPENDIX

Detailed descriptions of roadless and wild areas

Rainbow Bridge Roadless Area

The Rainbow Bridge Roadless Area embraces approximately 1,590,000 acres on the Navajo Reservation. It is indicated on the accompanying map' by the green lines, and may be described as all that territory lying within the following boundaries:

Beginning at Lees Ferry on the Colorado River, thence south along U.S. Highway No. 89 to latitude 36°30', thence east to within one-half mile of the road to the Copper District, thence in a northerly di rection, keeping one-half mile from said road, to the end of said road then turning and running in a southerly direction, keeping one-half mile east of said road, to latitude 36°30', then due east to the road running from Gap to Kaibab, thence in a northeasterly direction to Kaibab along 1 See footnote on page 1413.

said road, thence southeasterly along road to the junction with the road to Rainbow Lodge, thence north and northwest along the Rainbow Lodge road, keeping one-half mile west of road to its end, thence east and northeast around the southern side of Navajo Mountain to the end of the road to Dunns Trading Post, thence southeasterly along said road and the Rainbow Lodge Road to the junction with the road to Paiute Mesa, keeping one-half mile east of said roads, thence northerly with the Paiute Mesa road, keeping one mile west of said road, to a point one mile north of the Arizona-Utah State Line, thence south, one mile east of said road, to the junction with the road to Kayenta, thence following said road south, east and northeast to Kayenta, keeping one-half mile north of said road, thence north and northwesterly, keeping one-half mile west of the road from Kayenta to Copper Canyon, along said road to the southwest corner of T. 42 S., R. 14 E., Salt Lake Meridian, Utah, thence in an easterly direction one-half mile north of the road running north of Train Rock to the San Juan River, thence down said river in a westerly direction to its junction with Colorado River, thence southwesterly down the Colorado to Lees Ferry to the point of beginning.

Black Mesa Roadless Area

The Black Mesa Roadless Area embraces approximately 820,000 acres on the Navajo Reservation. It is indicated on the accompanying map' by the green lines, and may be described as all that territory lying within the following boundaries:

Beginning at Blue Canyon on the road from Red Lake to Hotevila, thence south to the north line of T. 31 N., thence east along township line until it cuts the road from Hotevila to Rough Rock, thence northeast along said road to Rough Rock, thence north and west along the road to Kayenta, thence southwest along the road to Red Lake, thence south and east along the road to Hotevila to Blue Canyon, the point of beginning.

Grand Canyon Roadless Area
Hualpai Reservation

The Grand Canyon Roadless Area embraces approximately 530,000 acres on the reservation. It is indicated on the accompanying map' by the green lines, and may be described as all that territory lying within the following boundaries:

Beginning at the southeast corner of T. 27 N., R. 9 W., thence north to the 7th Standard Parallel, thence west about 1/3 mile to the southeast corner of T. 29 N., R. 9 W., thence north 12 miles to the southwest corner of T. 31 N., R. 8 W., thence east one mile to the southeast corner of sec. 31 of above township, thence north 5 miles to the southeast corner of sec. 6 in same township, thence 3 miles east to the southeast corner of sec. 3 in same township, thence north one mile to the northeast corner of sec. 3 in same township, thence east 9 miles to the southeast cor

See footnote on page 1413.

ner of sec. 30, T. 32 N., R. 6 W., thence north one mile to the northeast corner of same section, thence east to the eastern boundary of the reservation, thence north along the boundary to the Colorado River, thence down the south bank of the Colorado River in a westerly direction to the west boundary of the reservation, thence south along the west boundary to the township line between Tps. 30 and 29 N., thence east to the southeast corner of sec. 33, T. 30 N., R. 15 W. From this point the boundary parallels the roads keeping about one-half mile distant from them, the roads run as follows from the above points: Northeasterly to New Water Tank, thence southeasterly to Clay Tank, thence southeast and north to Meri Tank, thence south and east to Milkweed Tank, thence south and east to Box Canon Tank, thence south and east to Peach Spring, thence north along the road down Peach spring Canon to the mouth of Hells Canon, thence back along the road to the junction with the road to Limestone Tank, thence east and north to Limestone Tank, thence south, east, and northeast to Blue Mountain Tank, thence northwest to the southwest corner of sec. 33, T. 27 N., R. 9 W., thence east along township line to the point of beginning.

Painted Desert Roadless Area

The Painted Desert Roadless Area embraces approximately 525,000 acres on the Navajo Reservation. It is indicated on the accompanying map' by the green lines, and may be described as all the territory lying within the following boundaries:

Beginning at the Government Bridge on the Little Colorado River, thence southwesterly along Highway No. 89 to the south line of T. 28 N., thence east along said township line to the Little Colorado River, thence southeasterly up the Little Colorado River to Grand Falls. thence along the road from Grand Falls through Dinnebito and past the west side of Howell Mesa, in a northeasterly direction to the junction with the road from Hotevila to Tuba City, thence northwesterly along the Tuba City road to Moenkopi, thence southwesterly along the road from Moenkopi to Government Bridge, the point of beginning.

Black River Roadless Area

The Black River Roadless Area embraces approximately 325,000 acres on the San Carlos-Ft. Apache Reservations. It is indicated on the accompanying map' by the green lines, and may be described as all that territory lying within the following boundaries:

Beginning on the Black River where the eastern boundary crosses said river, thence west along the north line of the unsurveyed section 35, T. 4 N., R. 27 E., approximately 434 miles to the northwest corner of sec. 31, thence south one mile to the southeast corner of unsurveyed T. 4 N., R. 26 E., about 61⁄2 miles to the road from Fort Apache to Maverick Mountain, thence west along said road to the unsurveyed line between secs. 3 and 4, T. 3 N., R. 25 E., thence south 3/2 miles to the north

west corner of sec. 27, thence west one mile to the southeast corner of sec. 21, thence north to the road from Fort Apache to Maverick Mountain, thence in a west and northwesterly direction along said road to the south quarter of sec. 18, T. 4 N., R. 24 E., thence in a southwesterly direction along the road to Mud Spring Creek and continuing down Mud Spring Creek to Black River, thence down Black River in a westerly direction to the point where Black River crosses south line of T. 4 N.. R. 21 E., thence south about two miles to the road running from Turkey Tanks to Point of Pines, thence in an easterly and southeasterly direction along said road past Point of Pines to the forks of the road to Willow Mountain and the surveyed location of the road to Circle Ranch, thence northeasterly, keeping onehalf mile from the road, along the road to Willow Mountain, thence one mile south and turning in a southwesterly direction following the road back, keeping one-half mile from the road, to the location of the Double Circle Ranch road, thence in a southeasterly direction along said survey to the reservation boundary, thence north along the reservation boundary to the point of beginning.

Wind River Mountain Roadless Area

The Wind River Mountain Roadless Area embraces approximately 220,000 acres on the Shoshone Indian Reservation. It is indicated on the accompanying map' by the green lines, and may be described as all that territory lying within the following boundaries:

Starting at the south boundary of the diminished portion of the Shoshone Reservation one mile west of where it is intersected by the line between R. 2 W., and R. 3 W.; thence running north along the section line to the mutual corner of sections 23, 24, 25, and 26, in T. 1 S., R. 3 W.; thence running west along the section line to the line between R. 3 W., and R. 4 W.; thence running north along the range line to the Wind River Base line; thence running west along the base line for one mile: thence running north along the section line to the head of the stillwater on the Bull Lake inlet; thence running approximately northwest to the eighth milepost on the reservation boundary; thence running south, southeast, and east along the reservation boundary to the starting point.

the San Poil road until within one-half mile of the Bridge Creek road; thence running approximately east one-half mile back from the Bridge Creek road to the township line between ranges 35 E. and 36 E.; thence north to the Eighth Standard Parallel; thence east to the township line between ranges 35 E. and 36 E.; thence north along this line to Lynx Creek; thence running approximately east on a line parallel to Lynx Creek and one-half mile north of it; thence approximately NW one-half mile west of Hall Creek and paralleling it to the north boundary of the reservation; and thence west to the starting point; provided that a finger extending into this area for a half mile on either side of the Thirty-Mile Creek road shall be excluded from this roadless area.

Mt. Thomas Roadless Area

The Mt. Thomas Roadless Area embraces approximately 130,000 acres on the Ft. Apache Indian Reservation. It is indicated on the accompanying map' by the green lines, and may be described as all that territory lying within the following boundaries:

Starting on the summit of Mt. Thomas and thence following the reservation boundary east and south to the Reservation Ranch; thence following the old road to Duk's Ranch to the crossing of Hurricane Creek; thence following down Hurricane Creek to its junction with Big Bonito: thence down Big Bonito to where it crosses the Odart Mt. truck trail; thence following the Odart Mt. truck trail to a point one mile west of the line between R. 24 E. and R. 25 E., thence north along the section line to the Turkey Creek truck trail; thence along the Turkey Creek truck trail to the section line between sections 8 and 9, T. 5 N., R. 25 E.; thence north along the section line to the southwest corner Sec. 4, T. 7 N., R. 25 E.; thence east along the section line to the southeast corner of Sec. 3; thence north two miles, thence east to the southeast corner of section 29, T. 8 N., R. 26 E., thence north to Springerville Highway, thence east to reservation boundary, thence south along reservation boundary to the summit of Mt. Thomas, the point of beginning.

Mission Range Roadless Area

The Mission Range Roadless Area embraces approximately 115,000 acres on the Flathead Reservation. It is indicated on the accompanying map' by the green lines, and may be described as all that territory lying within the following boundaries:

Beginning at the point where the reservation boundary cuts the east line of sec. 33, T. 25 N., R. 19 W., thence south to the southeast corner of sec. 34, T. 23 N., R. 19 W., thence one mile west to the northwest corner of sec. 3, T. 22 N., R. 19 W., thence south to the southwest corner of sec. 34, T. 21 N., R. 19 W., thence east about 3/4 mile to the northwest corner of sec. 3, T. 20 N., R. 19 W., thence south to the southwest corner of sec. 34, same township, thence

east to the northwest corner of sec. 2, T. 19 N., R. 19 W., thence south to the road from St. Ignatius to Upper Jocko Lake, thence along said road to the summit of the Mission Mountains going round the east side of Tabor Reservoir, thence north along the east boundary of the reservation to the northeast corner of said reservation, thence west along the boundary to the point of beginning.

Mesa Verde Roadless Area

The Mesa Verde Roadless Area embraces approximately 115,000 acres on the Consolidated Ute Reservation. It is indicated on the accompanying map' by the green lines, and may be described as all that territory lying within the following boundaries:

Starting at the point where U.S. Highway No. 666 cuts the northern boundary of the reservation, thence south along said highway to the junction with the road in sec. 31, T. 33 N., R. 17 W., thence along the road running east to Floyd Reservoir, thence along the road running to Kraft Reservoir, thence along the east and north boundary of the reservation to the point of beginning.

Goat Rocks Roadless Area

The Goat Rocks Roadless Area embraces approximately 105,000 acres on the Yakima Reservation. It is indicated on the accompanying map' by the green lines, and may be described as all that territory lying within the following boundaries:

Starting at the point where the reservation boundary cuts the west line of sec. 18, T. 11 N., R. 14 E., thence along the boundary in a westerly and southerly direction to the point where road cuts the boundary near Potato Hill, thence east along the road to the southwest corner of sec. 31, T. 10 N., R. 12 E., thence east along the township line to the south 1/4 corner of sec. 33 in same township, thence north along the road leading toward Fish Lake, keeping one-half mile west of the road, then around the end of this road and back on the east side of the road to the junction of the roads on the main Klickitat River, thence following the west side of the road to Panther Creek Ranger Station, thence paralleling the road up the Klickitat River to Sheep Point and around its end and back to Panther Creek Ranger Station, keeping one-half mile from the road, thence north along the Old Reservation line to the point of beginning.

Mt. Jefferson Roadless Area

The Mt. Jefferson Roadless Area embraces approximately 105,000 acres on the Warm Springs Reservation. It is indicated on the accompanying map' by the green lines, and may be described as all that territory lying within the following boundaries:

Starting at the junction of the Metolius and Whitewater River, thence up to the Whitewater River to the line between secs. 20 and 21, T. 10 S., R. 10 E., thence

See footnote on page 1413.

north to the road from Warmsprings to Peters Pasture, thence west along said road approximately two miles, thence south around the road to Bald Peter and back again, keeping one-half mile_from said road, thence west along the Peters Pasture road about one mile to the road up Lion's Head Creek, thence up said road to the line between secs. 4 and 5, T. 10 S., R. 9 E., thence north to the northwest corner of sec. 33, T. 9 S., R. 9 E., thence west about 1/2 miles around road and back, keeping half-mile from road, to the line between secs. 27 and 28, T. 9 S., R. 9 E., thence north about four miles, thence west around the road to Trout Lake and back, keeping one-half mile from road, to the line between secs. 3 and 4, T. 9 S., R. 9 E., thence north 1/4 miles, thence west about 32 miles to Blue Lake and back to the line between secs. 14 and 15, T. 8 S., R. 9 E., keeping one-half mile away from road, thence north to the east 1/4 corner of sec. 3, same township, thence west about 314 miles and back around road, to the southwest corner of sec. 35, T. 7 S., R. 9 E., keeping one-half mile from road, thence north to the road up Bunchgrass Creek, thence up said road to the boundary of the reservation, thence south, east, and north along the boundary to the point of beginning.

Mt. Adams Wild Area

The Mt. Adams Wild Area embraces approximately 48,000 acres on the Yakima Reservation. It is indicated on the accompanying map' by the green lines, and may be described as all that territory lying within the following boundaries:

Beginning at the point where the Mt. Adams Highway cuts the southern boundary of the reservation, thence north along the highway to the junction with the road to Potato Hill, thence north and west along the road to Potato Hill to the west boundary of the reservation, thence south along the boundary to the point of beginning.

Fort Charlotte Wild Area

The Fort Charlotte Wild Area embraces approximately 19,000 acres of the Grand Portage Reservation. It is indicated on the accompanying map' by the green lines, and may be described as all that territory lying within the following boundaries:

Beginning at the southeast corner of sec. 3, T. 63 N., R. 5 E., thence in a northeasterly direction approximately 5 miles along west side of Highway No. 61 to the crossing of the Pigeon River, thence up the south bank of the Pigeon River in a westerly direction to the west boundary of the reservation in the northwest corner of sec. 35, T. 64 N., R. 4 E., approximately 112 miles, thence southeasterly along the west boundary to the range line between ranges 4 and 5, east, approximately 2 miles, thence south along the range line_to the 4 corner of sec. 31, T. 63 N., R. 5 E., approximately 44 miles, thence east to Highway No. 61, approximately 1 miles, thence in a northeasterly direction along

the west side of said highway to the center north and south line of sec. 15, approximately 44 miles, thence north to the north 1/4 corner of sec. 10, approximately 18 mile, thence east one-half mile to the point of beginning.

Grand Portage Wild Area

The Grand Portage Wild Area embraces approximately 11,000 acres on the Grand Portage Reservation. It is indicated on the accompanying map' by the green lines, and may be described as all that territory lying within the following boundaries:

Starting at the southwest corner of sec. 2, T. 63 N., R. 5 E., thence east 1/2 mile to the 1/4 corner on the south line of said sec. 2, thence south one mile to the 1/4 corner on the south side of sec. 11, thence east 32 miles to the southeast corner of sec. 8, T. 63 N., R. 6 E., thence north 12 miles to the east 1/4 corner of sec. 5, thence east approximately 2 miles to the east boundary of the reservation, thence northwesterly along the boundary approximately 32 miles to the Pigeon River, thence west along the south bank of said river approximately 24 miles to Highway No. 61, thence southwesterly along the east side of highway approximately 5 miles to the point of beginning.

Cape Flattery Wild Area

The Cape Flattery Wild Area embraces approximately 6,000 acres on the Neah Bay Reservation. It is indicated on the accompanying map' by the green lines, and may be described as all that territory lying within the following boundaries:

Starting on the shore of Neah Bay where the east and west line through the center of sec. 10, T. 33 N., R. 15 W., touches the shore, thence west along said line to the west 1/4 corner of sec. 10; thence south 1/4 mile to the northeast corner of allotment No. 84, thence west one mile to the line between secs. 16 and 17, thence south 1/4 mile to the southeast corner of sec. 17, thence west 12 mile to the south 1/4 corner of sec. 18, thence north 1/2 mile to the center of sec. 18, thence west to the Pacific Ocean, thence northerly along the shore line to the point of beginning.

EXECUTIVE ORDER

Transfer of Jurisdiction over Certain Lands From the Secretary of Agriculture to the Secretary of the Interior WHEREAS certain lands, together with the improvements thereon, largely contiguous or in close proximity to existing Indian Reservations, have been, or are in the process of being, acquired in connection with the projects hereinafter designated, under authority of Title II of the National Industrial Recovery Act of June 16, 1933 (48 Stat. 200), the Emergency Relief Appropriation Act of April 8, 1935 (49 Stat. 115), and section 55 of Title I of the act of August 24, 1935, 49 Stat. 750, 781; and

'The maps referred to were part of the original document as filed with the Division of the Federal Register, The National Archives.

WHEREAS it appears that the transfer of jurisdiction over such lands from the Secretary of Agriculture to the Secretary of the Interior for administrative purposes would be in the public interest:

NOW, THEREFORE, by virtue of and pursuant to the authority vested in me under the aforesaid National Industrial Recovery Act, the Emergency Relief Appropriation Act of 1935, and the act of August 24, 1935, it is hereby ordered that jurisdiction over the lands within the herein-after-described areas, together with the improvements thereon, acquired or in the process of acquisition by the United States in connection with the hereinafter-designated projects, be, and it is hereby, transferred from the Secretary of Agriculture to the Secretary of the Interior: Provided, however, that the Secretary of Agriculture shall retain such jurisdiction over the lands now in process of acquisition by the United States as may be necessary to enable him to complete the purchase of such lands; and the Secretary of the Interior is hereby authorized (1) to administer, through the Commissioner of Indian Affairs, such lands for the uses for which they were, or are in the process of being, acquired, and, insofar as consistent with such uses, for the benefit of such Indians as he may designate, (2) in connection with the administration of such lands to exercise all powers and functions, insofar as they may relate to these lands, conferred upon the Secretary of Agriculture by Executive Order No. 7530 of December 31, 1936, and Executive Order No. 7557 of February 19, 1937, and (3) to prescribe such rules and regulations as may be necessary to carry out the purposes of this order:

SEMINOLE PROJECT, LI-FL-6
GLADES COUNTY, FLORIDA

Tps. 5, 6, 7, 8, and 9 S., R. 32 E., those parts lying within the Fort Hall Indian Reservation;

Tps. 4 and 5 S., R. 33 E., those parts lying within the Fort Hall Indian Reservation;

Tps. 6, 7, 8, and 9 S., R. 33 E., all;

T. 10 S., R. 33 E., secs. 1 to 12, inclusive;

Tps. 3 and 4 S., R. 34 E., those parts lying within the Fort Hall Indian Reservation;

Tps. 5 and 6 S., R. 34 E., all;

T. 10 S., R. 34 E., sec 7;

T. 3 S., R. 35 E., that part lying within the Fort Hall Indian Reservation;

T. 4 S., R. 35 E., all;