1 Article 44 was reserved in signing by Germany, Austria-Hungary, and Russia. Deux. Conf. Int. de a Paix, vol. 1, p. 86. of the State, he shall do so, as far as possible, in accordance with the rules of assessment and incidence in force, and shall in consequence be bound to defray the expenses of the administration of the occupied territory to the same extent as the legitimate Government was so bound. ARTICLE 49. If, in addition to the taxes mentioned in the above Article, the occupant levies other money contributions in the occupied territory, this shall only be for the needs of the army or of the administration of the territory in question. ARTICLE 50. No general penalty, pecuniary or otherwise, can be inflicted upon the population on account of the acts of individuals for which they cannot be regarded as collectively responsible. ARTICLE 51. No contribution shall be collected except under a written order, and on the responsibility of a commander-in-chief. The collection of the said contribution shall be effected as far as possible only in accordance with the rules of assessment and incidence of the taxes in force. For every contribution a receipt shall be given to the contributors. ARTICLE 52. Neither requisitions in kind nor services can be demanded from municipalities or inhabitants except for the needs of the army of occupation. They shall be in proportion to the resources of the country, and of such a nature as not to involve for the inhabitants an obligation to take part in the operations of the war against their own country. Ces réquisitions et ces services ne seront réclamés qu'avec l'autorisation du commandant dans la localité occupée. Les prestations en nature seront, autant que possible, payées au comptant; sinon, elles seront constatées par des reçus, et le paiement des sommes dues sera effectué le plus tôt possible. ARTICLE 53. L'armée qui occupe un territoire ne pourra saisir que le numéraire, les fonds et les valeurs exigibles appartenant en propre à l'Etat, les dépôts d'armes, moyens de transport, magasins et approvisionnements et, en général, toute propriété mobilière de l'Etat de nature à servir aux opérations de la guerre. Tous les moyens affectés sur terre, sur mer et dans les airs à la transmission des nouvelles, au transport des personnes ou des choses, en dehors des cas régis par le droit maritime, les dépôts d'armes et, en général, toute espèce de munitions de guerre, peuvent être saisis, même s'ils appartiennent à des personnes privées, mais devront être restitués et les indemnités seront réglées à la paix. ARTICLE 54. Les câbles sous-marins reliant un territoire occupé à un territoire neutre ne seront saisis ou détruits que dans le cas d'une nécessité absolue. Ils devront également être restitués et les indemnités seront réglées à la paix. ARTICLE 55. L'Etat occupant ne se considèrera que comme administrateur et usufruitier des édifices publics, immeubles, forêts et exploitations These requisitions and services shall be demanded only on the authority of the commander in the locality occupied. Contributions in kind shall as far as possible be paid for in cash; if not, a receipt shall be given and the payment of the amount due shall be made as soon as possible. ARTICLE 53. An army of occupation can take possession only of cash, funds, and realizable securities belonging strictly to the State, depôts of arms, means of transport, stores and supplies, and, generally, all movable property of the State which may be used for the operations of the war. All appliances, whether on land, at sea, or in the air, adapted for the transmission of news, or for the transport of persons or things, exclusive of cases governed by naval law, deôpts of arms, and, generally, all kinds of munitions of war, may be seized, even if they belong to private individuals, but must be restored and compensation shall be fixed when peace is made. ARTICLE 54. Submarine cables connecting an occupied territory with a neutral territory shall not be seized or destroyed except in the case of absolute necessity. They must likewise be restored and compensation shall be fixed when peace is made. ARTICLE 55. The occupying State shall be regarded only as administrator and usufructuary of public buildings, real estate, forests, and agri And whereas the said Convention has been duly ratified by the Government of the United States of America, by and with the advice and consent of the Senate thereof, and by the Governments of Austria-Hungary, Bolivia, Denmark, Germany, Great Britain, Mexico, the Netherlands, Russia, Salvador, and Sweden, and the ratifications of the said Governments were, under the provisions of Article 5 of the said Convention, deposited by their respective plenipotentiaries with the Netherlands Government on November 27, 1909; Now, therefore, be it known that I, William Howard Taft, President of the United States of America, have caused the said Convention to be made public, to the end that the same and every article and clause thereof may be observed and fulfilled with good faith by the United States and the citizens thereof. In testimony whereof, I have hereunto set my hand and caused the seal of the United States to be affixed. Done at the City of Washington this twenty-eighth day of February in the year of our Lord one thousand nine hundred [SEAL.] and ten, and of the Independence of the United States of America the one hundred and thirty-fourth. WM. H. TAFT By the President: Secretary of State. V. CONVENTION RESPECTING THE RIGHTS AND DUTIES OF NEUTRAL POWERS AND PERSONS IN CASE OF WAR ON LAND. Signed at The Hague October 18, 1907. Ratification advised by the Senate March 10, 1908. Ratified by the President of the United States February 23, 1909. Ratification deposited with the Netherlands Government November 27, 1909. Proclaimed February 28, 1910. Ratified by Austria-Hungary, Bolivia, Denmark, France, Germany, Mexico, The Netherlands, Norway, Russia, Salvador, Sweden, Switzerland. Adhered to by China and Haiti. BY THE PRESIDENT OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA. A PROCLAMATION. Whereas a Convention respecting the rights and duties of neutral powers and persons in case of war on land was concluded and signed at The Hague on October 18, 1907, by the respective Plenipotentiaries of the United States of America, Germany, the Argentine Republic, Austria-Hungary, Belgium, Bolivia, Brazil, Bulgaria, Chile, Colombia, Cuba, Denmark, the Dominican Republic, Ecuador, Spain, France, Great Britain, Greece, Guatemala, Haiti, Italy, Japan, Luxemburg, Mexico, Montenegro, Norway, Panama, Paraguay, the Netherlands, Peru, Persia, Portugal, Roumania, Russia, Salvador, Servia, Siam, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey, Uruguay, and Venezuela, the original of which Convention, being in the French language, is word for word as follows: |