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TABLE III. (Cont'd.) Cases of specified notifiable diseases, United States, weeks ending January 9, 1988 and January 10, 1987 (1st Week)

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*For measles only, imported cases includes both out-of-state and international importations. Not notifiable U: Unavailable *International "Out-of-state

TABLE III. (Cont'd.) Cases of specified notifiable diseases, United States, weeks ending January 9, 1988 and January 10, 1987 (1st Week)

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*Mortality data in this table are voluntarily reported from 121 cities in the United states, most of which have populations of 100,000 or more. A death is reported by the place of its occurrence and by the week that the death certificate was filed. Fetal deaths are not included.

**Pneumonia and influenza.

† Because of changes in reporting methods in these 3 Pennsylvania cities, these numbers are partial counts for the current week. Complete counts will be available in 4 to 6 weeks.

**Total includes unknown ages.

Data not available. Figures are estimates based on average of past 4 weeks.

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Rapid diagnosis may be particularly useful in preventing nosocomial outbreaks of influenza A since patients exposed to the virus can be given amantadine, an antiviral drug effective against influenza type A. Rapid diagnostic capabilities may also help <1 hospitals encourage their staffs to use antiviral prophylaxis or to be vaccinated, as recommended by the Immunization Practices Advisory Committee (ACIP) (1). Rapid diagnosis, coupled with prompt reporting to public health officials, will also help detect possible epidemics. However, confirmation by a second laboratory is important during nonepidemic periods because it will help avoid reports of false-positive results, which could set control measures into motion unnecessarily.

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The cases reported here were identified by laboratory testing. Ideally, suspect isolates should be saved, and a sample should be forwarded to the appropriate state health department for confirmation. Isolates confirmed by state health departments are then forwarded to the WHO Collaborating Center for Influenza at CDC for detailed antigenic analysis, including strain identification. Early in the influenza season, these 2 antigenic analyses need to be performed on as many isolates as possible because the findings are used to identify vaccine strains for the coming year.

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Reference

1. Immunization Practices Advisory Committee. Prevention and control of influenza. MMWR 1987;36:373-80,385-7.

Prevalence of Overweight in Selected States -
Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance, 1986

Since 1984, 26 states* have been gathering data on health practices and behaviors from adults (≥18 years of age) as part of the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS) (1). These data are collected monthly by telephone interview and include information on height and body weight. State-specific estimates of the prevalence of overweight for 1986 have been derived from analysis of this information.

The definition of overweight used for this study was based on the Body Mass Index (BMI = Weight [kg] Height [m]2), which is derived from height and weight data from the Second National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES-II) carried out by the National Center for Health Statistics (NCHS) between 1976 and 1980. The BMI was used because it has a high correlation with body weight and virtually no correlation with height (3). For the BRFSS study, overweight for men was defined as a BMI ≥27.8, and overweight for women, as a BMI ≥27.3. These values represent the sex-specific 85th percentile of BMI for U.S. adults 20 to 29 years of age. The highest prevalence of overweight for a total population (24%) was observed in West Virginia; the lowest (14%) was observed in both Utah and Hawaii (Table 1). For men, the highest prevalence of overweight (24%) was reported from North Dakota; and the lowest (14%) was reported from Hawaii. For women, the highest prevalence (26%) was observed in West Virginia and the District of Columbia; and the lowest (12%), in Arizona and Utah. No clear trend in prevalence of overweight was observed among those states that had participated in the BRFSS for the full period 1984-1986. Reported by: The 1986 State Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System Coordinators. Div of Nutrition, Center for Health Promotion and Education, CDC.

*Includes the District of Columbia.

*Previous BRFSS estimates of the prevalence of overweight were derived from the Metropolitan Life Insurance Company's "Desirable Weight Tables" (≥120% of desirable weight) (2).

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Editorial Note: Differences in the prevalence of overweight from state to state may be due to several factors that are known to be related to overweight and that may differ among state populations. These factors include age, race, socioeconomic status, diet, and exercise practices. Sampling error may also explain some of the observed differences. The lack of a perceptible trend between 1984 and 1986 in the prevalence of overweight in these states was expected since other studies of trends in overweight have yielded similar results (4,5).

The criteria currently used to define overweight in the BRFSS have been adopted for several reasons. First, they have been developed from a representative sample of the U.S. population. Second, the criteria use persons 20 to 29 years of age, the leanest age group among adults, as the referent group (3). Virtually all of the age-related increase in body weight that occurs among adults is attributable to body fat. Third, these criteria are being used by NCHS and are also used to monitor progress toward the 1990 Objectives for the Nation regarding overweight (6).

TABLE 1. Prevalence of overweight in selected states, by sex
Factor Surveillance System, 1986

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*Pregnant women were excluded from this analysis.

*Overweight is defined as a Body Mass Index (Wt [Kg] Ht [M]2) ≥27.8 for men and ≥27.3 for

women.

$95% confidence intervals.

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