Notice to Readers April 25, 2008 World Malaria Day April 25, 2008, marks the first World Malaria Day. In previous years, Africa Malaria Day was commemorated on April 25, the date in 2000 when 44 African leaders met in Abuja, Nigeria, and signed the Abuja Declaration, committing their countries to cutting malaria deaths in half by 2010. Malaria is a preventable and treatable parasitic disease, transmitted by the female Anopheles mosquito. Malaria continues to cause approximately 1 million deaths worldwide each year, with nearly 90% of these deaths occurring among young children in Africa (1). The theme for World Malaria Day is A Disease Without Borders, reflecting the geographic expansion of the observance and serving as a reminder that malaria also affects other parts of the globe, including Asia, Central and South America, and Oceania. Although malaria has been eliminated from the United States, approximately 1,400 travelers from the United States return with malaria each year; on average, seven of these travelers will die from their infection (2). An integrated package of effective interventions (i.e., a combination of insecticide-treated bed nets, antimalarial drugs to treat malaria illness, preventive treatment for pregnant women, and indoor residual spraying) can substantially decrease the burden of malaria in endemic areas. In recent years, the Roll Back Malaria Partnership, including the World Bank, the United Nations Children's Fund (UNICEF), the President's Malaria Initiative (PMI), and the Global Fund to Fight AIDS, TB, and Malaria, have joined together to fight malaria by scaling up the use of these interventions. CDC contributes to malaria control through PMI, a U.S. government interagency initiative begun in 2005 to halve malaria deaths in 15 countries in sub-Saharan Africa (Angola, Benin, Ethiopia, Ghana, Kenya, Liberia, Madagascar, Malawi, Mali, Mozambique, Rwanda, Senegal, Tanzania, Uganda, and Zambia). PMI is led by the U.S. Agency for International Development (USAID) and is implemented jointly by CDC and USAID, in close collaboration with host ministries of health and other local and international partners in the public and private spheres. CDC also conducts programmatically relevant malaria research to serve as the basis for future malaria prevention and control strategies. Additional information about World Malaria Day is ava able at http://www.rollbackmalaria.org/worldmalariade Information about malaria and CDC's malaria-contre activities is available at http://www.cdc.gov/malaria. Infiemation about PMI is available at http://www.pmi.gov. References 1. Bryce J, Boschi-Pinto C, Shibuya K, Black RE, WHO Child Her Epidemiology Reference Group. WHO estimates of the causes of dar in children. Lancet 2005;365:1147-52. 2. CDC. Malaria surveillance-United States, 2006. MMWR. In pa 2008. Errata: Vol. 56, No. SS-10 In the MMWR Surveillance Summary, "Preconception are Interconception Health Status of Women who Recent Gave Birth to a Live-Born Infant Pregnancy Risk Assess ment Monitoring System (PRAMS), United States, 2 Reporting Areas, 2004," the following errors occurred: On page 18, in Table 1 the definition of preconceptier tobacco use should read, "Reported cigarette smoking dur ing the 3 months before pregnancy"; the definition of pre conception alcohol use should read, “Reported drinking alcohol during the 3 months before pregnancy”; and the definition of interconception tobacco use should read "Reported cigarette smoking at time of survey (2-9 months postpartum)." On page 30, in Table 22, under the column for Race Ethnicity, Black, the plus or minus confidence interval should read: Arkansas (7.4), Florida (3.9), Georgia (4.0 Illinois (6.4), Louisiana (4.4), Maryland (6.3), Michiga (8.3), Minnesota (11.8), Mississippi (4.9), Nebraska (5.2 New Jersey (5.6), New York City (6.4), North Caroli (6.0), Oklahoma (18.0), Oregon (4.9), Rhode Island (5.1) South Carolina (5.2), Washington (4.8), and Total (1.6 † Based on response to the following question: "Would you say your health in § Estimates are age adjusted using the projected 2000 U.S. population as the 195% confidence interval. ** Includes Chinese, Filipino, Asian Indian, Japanese, Vietnamese, and Korean * Among persons who reported a single Asian subpopulation. During 2004-2006, approximately 9% of Asian adults reported being in fair or poor health, compared with higher rates among blacks (20%), American Indian/Alaska Natives (18%), Hispanics (17%), and whites (11%). Among Asian subpopulations, the percentage reporting fair or poor health ranged from 5% among Japanese adults to 19% among Vietnamese adults. SOURCE: Barnes PM, Adams PF, Powell-Griner E. Health characteristics of the Asian adult population: United States, 2004-2006. Adv Data 2008;394. Available at http://www.cdc.gov/nchs/data/ad/ad394.pdf. TABLE I. Provisional cases of infrequently reported notifiable diseases (<1,000 cases reported during the preceding year) week ending April 19, 2008 (16th Week)* 7 10 11 11 10 7 1 8 Cum: Cumulative year-to-date counts. Incidence data for reporting years 2007 and 2008 are provisional, whereas data for 2003, 2004, 2005, and 2006 are finalized. † Calculated by summing the incidence counts for the current week, the 2 weeks preceding the current week, and the 2 weeks following the current week, for a tota preceding years. Additional information is available at http://www.cdc.gov/epo/dphsi/phs/files/5yearweeklyaverage.pdf. § Not notifiable in all states. Data from states where the condition is not notifiable are excluded from this table, except in 2007 and 2008 for the domestic arboviral diseases a influenza-associated pediatric mortality, and in 2003 for SARS-CoV. Reporting exceptions are available at http://www.cdc.gov/epo/dphs/phs/infdis.htm. ¶ Includes both neuroinvasive and nonneuroinvasive. Updated weekly from reports to the Division of Vector-Borne Infectious Diseases, National Center for Zoonotic, Vec Borne, and Enteric Diseases (ArboNET Surveillance). Data for West Nile virus are available in Table II. The names of the reporting categories changed in 2008 as a result of revisions to the case definitions. Cases reported prior to 2008 were reported in the categore Ehrlichiosis, human monocytic (analogous to E. chaffeensis); Ehrlichiosis, human granulocytic (analogous to Anaplasma phagocytophilum), and Ehrlichiosis, unspecified other agent (which included cases unable to be clearly placed in other categories, as well as possible cases of E. ewingii). tt Data for H. influenzae (all ages, all serotypes) are available in Table II. $$ Updated monthly from reports to the Division of HIV/AIDS Prevention, National Center for HIV/AIDS, Viral Hepatitis, STD, and TB Prevention. Implementation of HIV reporti influences the number of cases reported. Updates of pediatric HIV data have been temporarily suspended until upgrading of the national HIV/AIDS surveillance management system is completed. Data for HIV/AIDS, when available, are displayed in Table IV, which appears quarterly. 111 Updated weekly from reports to the Influenza Division, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases. Sixty-eight cases occurring during the 2007-08 influent season have been reported. The one measles case reported for the current week was indigenous. ttt Data for meningococcal disease (all serogroups) are available in Table II. $$$ In 2008, Q fever acute and chronic reporting categories were recognized as a result of revisions to the Q fever case definition. Prior to that time, case counts were 1 differentiated with respect to acute and chronic Q fever cases. 111 No rubella cases were reported for the current week. Updated weekly from reports to the Division of Viral and Rickettsial Diseases, National Center for Zoonotic, Vector-Borne, and Enteric Diseases. BLE I. (Continued) Provisional cases of infrequently reported notifiable diseases (<1,000 cases reported during the preceding year) — ited States, week ending April 19, 2008 (16th Week) No reported cases. N: Not notifiable. Cum: Cumulative year-to-date counts. * Incidence data for reporting years 2007 and 2008 are provisional, whereas data for 2003, 2004, 2005, and 2006 are finalized. * Calculated by summing the incidence counts for the current week, the 2 weeks preceding the current week, and the 2 weeks following the current week, for a total of 5 preceding years. Additional information is available at http://www.cdc.gov/epo/dphsi/phs/files/5yearweeklyaverage.pdf. § Not notifiable in all states. Data from states where the condition is not notifiable are excluded from this table, except in 2007 and 2008 for the domestic arboviral diseases and influenza-associated pediatric mortality, and in 2003 for SARS-CoV. Reporting exceptions are available at http://www.cdc.gov/epo/dphs/phs/infdis.htm. FIGURE I. Selected notifiable disease reports, United States, comparison of provisional * Ratio of current 4-week total to mean of 15 4-week totals (from previous, comparable, and subsequent 4-week periods TABLE II. Provisional cases of selected notifiable diseases, United States, weeks ending April 19, 2008, and April 21, 2007 (16th Week)* 59 16 425 668 835 7,248 59 35 304 488 1,489 5,572 57 233 1,085 1,270 14 48 363 871 888 |Z ZZZZ ZZ | Z |ZZ||ZZZ |||ZZZZZZ ZZZZ ZZZZZZ|||| ggzzz Z||Z| N N N N 1,569 N N 15 9 18 ZZZZZZZZ ZZ||ZZZ ~||ZZZZZZ ZZZZ 1 5 0 5 2 11 12 7 20 10 103 Incidence data for reporting years 2007 and 2008 are provisional. Data for HIV/AIDS, AIDS, and TB, when available, are displayed in Table IV, which appears quarterly. Chlamydia refers to genital infections caused by Chlamydia trachomatis. Contains data reported through the National Electronic Disease Surveillance System (NEDSS). Med: Median. Max: Maximum. |