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Mr. BRUECKNER. One-half of the dropouts of the high school system in Chicago, for instance, look for jobs after dropping out of school and cannot find them. They might find them for a few days. Then they drop out of the job. Suddenly an experience develops, which is an experience of discouragement and, more so, a lack of experience in learning as to how a job can be held and developed in advance. This is one of the most serious reasons we think for the increase of delinquent attitudes among children and young people. Mrs. GREEN. Fifty percent of the dropouts do not find employment? Mr. BRUEKNER. Do not find employment.

Mrs. GREEN. How many youngsters drop out because they have employment? We had a previous witness who testified that a large percent drop out for this reason. We tried to find out what kind of jobs these youngsters were able to get at the junior high and high school age level.

Mr. BRUECKNER. I have no figures for this, but I would assume that practically all others will get jobs of one kind or another and fall at least into the statistical category of full-time or part-time employment. Roughly, half of them who drop out in the 4 years of high school are getting jobs and the other half are not.

Mrs. GREEN. The junior high or high school youngsters who drop out in Chicago can get what kind of job?

Mr. BRUECKNER. Chicago is one of the most diversified of all labor cities. They get jobs as messengers, assistants to stock clerks in mail order houses, cleanup jobs in factories, in large warehouses, and things of that sort. They are minor jobs. None of them I would consider as without opportunity for further development, but one of the difficulties we see by and large with the drop-out youngster is that he wants money. He does not really want a job. He cannot make the adaptation to the job. Something has happened early in his life that made it exceedingly difficult for him to face the fact that a job means work, a job means waiting for further success, a job means foregoing present pleasures for the sake of future development. Many of our inner-city neighborhood kids do not have this kind of mood.

Mrs. GREEN. At what age may youngsters go to work in Illinois? Mr. BRUECKNER. At 16, within a protective limitation.

Mrs. GREEN. With a work permit can they find employed before 16? Mr. BRUECKNER. Yes, they could.

Mrs. GREEN. During the school year?

Mr. BRUECKNER. Yes. It is very limited, but they can get a work permit from the age of 14 on.

Mrs. GREEN. What is your compulsory school attendance age in Illinois ?

Mr. BRUECKNER. Sixteen.

Mrs. GREEN. If this legislation becomes law, do you think there would be anything to be gained from a nationwide study of these two things, first, the ages when youngsters may go to work in the various States and, second, the compulsory school attendance age in the 50 States?

Mr. BRUECKNER. We had in Illinois an interesting experience along this line. A bill was introduced in the State legislature to lower the limitation for the compulsory school age. This was rejected in an almost wild revolutionary reaction by the total communities, city

wide and in the rural districts. Apparently the communities were much convinced of the necessity of protection so that schooling should not be abandoned at too early a time. On the other hand, I think a review of some, at least of the educational efforts following the age of 16, is badly indicated because we are apparently not contributing terribly well to those kids who are exceedingly capable, nor do we contribute very well to those kids who cannot make very good use of school. Adaptations in the school system and maybe on the labor market need to be made. There are some examples going on in Chicago right now. Sears Roebuck, they have very interesting leadership. They are embarking upon ways of inducing the board of education to start a work and school program with teachers going right into the place of employment in order to make it easier for the young person, who otherwise would run away anyhow to submit himself to both at an early stage if that is what he wants.

Mrs. GREEN. Congressman Brademas.

Mr. BRADEMAS. Thank you for your testimony, Mr. Brueckner. I think your reasons for saying that there is an appropriate role for the Federal Government in this field are as good as I have seen.

Do you think there is enough money in this bill? It calls for $10 million a year over a period of 5 years.

Mr. BRUECKNER. I would like to join in Mr. Schmais' opinion. He thought it was not enough. However, if you keep it precious, if you do something most cautiously, if you limit your inquiries and undertakings to a carefully selected number of undertakings, it can be good.

I did say in one of my first sentences I thought the bill provides only limited financial means to combat a very large problem. I really mean it is not much money. However, you can do wonderful things with little money if you do them right and if the policies governing the expenditure are very carefully controlled.

Mr. BRADEMAS. Thank you very much.

Mrs. GREEN. Thank you again.

The next witness is Rev. Frank E. Dunn, president, American Institute of Religion.

Mr. Dunn, welcome to the committee.

STATEMENT OF REV. FRANK E. DUNN, PRESIDENT, AMERICAN INSTITUTE OF RELIGION

Reverend DUNN. Thank you very much, Madam Chairman, and Congressman Brademas.

I wonder if I may read at the outset a telegram from the city manager of Miami, who is saying something about H.R. 7178.

Mrs. GREEN. Yes, certainly.

Reverend DUNN (reading):

In regard to H.R. 7178 on juvenile delinquency prevention, the city of Miami is very concerned about any action that can be taken to help prevent juvenile delinquency and correct juvenile delinquency problems that might exist. If it is the consensus of opinion that H.R. 7178 is the vehicle to use in approaching and solving the problem, speedy action on this bill is a must.

Mrs. GREEN. Thank you.

M. L. REESE,

City manager of Miami.

Reverend DUNN. My name is Frank E. Dunn. I am a clergyman from Massachusetts and president of the American Institute of Religion and also pastor of a church.

I submit for the record 10 pages of testimony which I cannot present in the limited time I have been allotted; also a pamphlet containing on pages 2 and 3 the steps essential to the solution of the crime and juvenile delinquency problem in America.

I am also submitting a statement on the American Institute of Religion and four pages of testimonials on the plan and program which have been sent to us by the Vice President of the United States, Senators, Congressmen, and community leaders in various parts of the country.

What we have to offer is one of the most comprehensive answers to the problem of juvenile delinquency and crime ever proposed.

Our solution can be summed up in one phrase: total mobilization at the community level to provide as the President recently suggested a total attack on delinquency and youth crimes.

Total mobilization means a full time staff, a board of directors, 23 operating committees comprising some 500 to 700 members and thousands of other citizens who will work in various areas of need and on a program that is most diversified and which will demand continuity and imagination.

Our plan surveys the community at the outset to ascertain its crime. index. The survey will reach back 5 years in order that we may evaluate the crime trend and establish through survey the job that has to be done.

Our plan proposes the use of the best consulting experts in many fields: Schools, jobs, social agencies, courts, recreation, and church to name a few and will use these experts in providing guidance and direction for staff, board of directors and committees as well as to school volunteer citizens for responsibilities in the many areas of activity proposed by the institute plan.

I was interested in Mr. Brueckner's statement this morning, Madam Chairman, in which he says that there is something that they can do at the local level to help train personnel on the job. It would be at this point we would think of experts and consultants coming from the outside into the community to help the people there do more effectively the job which needs to be done.

Our plan by exchange of ideas and research into various community antidelinquency programs will give to the initial pilot operation communities tested ideas in the field of prevention which already have proved to be of great value.

To illustrate the preceding paragraph: A law passed in Flint, Mich., aimed at reducing auto thefts was so successful that the incidence of thefts was reduced by 25 percent in 2 years; a boys club (social agency) cut delinquency by 51.9 percent in Louisville over an 8 year period; a jobs program in North Philadelphia for delinquent boys and girls proved so effective that not 1 of 805 youths who were given full and part time jobs had any subsequent trouble with the police.

The institute plan provides for committees on laws, social agencies and jobs aiming at maximum achievement in these areas.

Our plan presently nominates Flint, Mich., Miami, Fla., and Kansas City, Mo., to conduct pilot operations over a 2-year period beginning

in the fall of 1961 to be financed by Federal grant. Today there is basic interest for a demonstration project in these communities.

Our plan calls for evaluation of this program to be made by a competent body to show the advance which has been made and the success achieved by citizens after 2 years of all-out effort.

Our plan will develop from this 2-year program, from surveys, from recommendations and suggestions of consultants, and the evaluation report a manual of community action which would delineate in absolutely unmistakable terms what is needed in staff, organization, program, procedures, personnel, time table, and total community effort to reduce crime and juvenile delinquency to a relatively inconsequential statistic.

The citizens organization suggested by the institute plan would do more than solve the juvenile delinquency and crime problem. It would improve schools, wipe out slum areas, build more efficient social agency institutions, provide better community understanding, and more enthusiastic cooperation on all civic problems among other things.

Financing these pilot operations would initially come through Federal grant but plans would be made during the 2 years of testing to provide local financing of such a program in the years to follow.

It is imperative that H.R. 7178, providing $10 million a year for 5 years, become law. Such a law will be the indirect means of solving a serious national problem.

The institute holds we can achieve solution of this problem by 1963 and in 1964 have available the manual of community action which would be a basic blueprint to success for all cities, towns, and counties in America.

We are careful to suggest that solution is not simple, nor can the answer be found solely in community personnel and resources. Outside help-experts, finances, surveys, evaluation, and direction—are some of the component parts of an effective solution.

Can this perennial problem be solved? We say it can, and cities using the institute plan will prove it. For they will take our basic plan and add to it the product of the genius and imagination of local leadership and thus create a tailored program designed to meet the peculiar needs of their community. In meeting those needs they will find solution.

Our plan will work but we need the help of H.R. 7178 as a law to put these ideas into action and prove our thesis. In so doing we shall turn juvenile delinquency into juvenile stability.

Thank you, Madam Chairman.

Mrs. GREEN. Thank you, Reverend Dunn.

What is the American Institute of Religion?

Reverend DUNN. The American Institute of Religion is a nonprofit tax-exempt organization made up of men and women in the Connecticut River Valley, the western part of Massachusetts, formed in 1954 and incorporated in 1955. Our sole purpose is to do research in the field of social problems with a view to finding what we would call workable answers and then to take those workable answers and see if they will really work in the field.

Our concern, too-and this has been mentioned this morning, Madam Chairman-we are concerned, as I say in the statement, with the utiliza

tion of the moral and spiritual power of the religious community and its institutions in attacking problems of our time. We believe that these long-sought-for answers, not only in crime and delinquency, will be achieved if spiritual leadership is coordinated with other basic community leadership in an all-out effort in any of our areas of need, but my sincere conviction is that the churches are woefully weak in attacking this problem.

I have a feeling that it is because all too often the challenge has not been presented clearly and perhaps no one knows how to present the challenge clearly as to explicitly what the church should do in a local community in an outreach to these people who are in trouble.

Mrs. GREEN. Is the American Institute of Religion affiliated with the National Council of Churches?

Reverend DUNN. No, there is no affiliation. We are just a local Massachusetts group set up for the purpose of research in social problems.

Mrs. GREEN. Is it affiliated with the Massachusetts Council of Churches?

Reverend DUNN. No, there is no association.

Mrs. GREEN. How is it supported?

Reverend DUNN. Through the gifts of individuals in the Connecticut Valley to a large extent, and sometimes outside.

We have Boston help, too. As a matter of fact, just for the record, Madam Chairman, the amount of money we have received since 1954 is about $8,000 and the Internal Revenue Service will tell you this is about all we have had available to spend in developing research and thinking into these problems that are the concern of all of us.

Mrs. GREEN. Thank you very much, Reverend Dunn. I am one who believes that the Federal Government can offer some leadership in planned coordinated programs. Certainly, it can help with the training of personnel but the final solution to the problem of juvenile delinquency, control, and prevention, must rest at the State and local level.

I am one who shares your view that the churches can do a great deal more than they are doing at the present time.

Reverend DUNN. As well as other institutions within the framework of the community.

Mrs. GREEN. I completely agree. There are many local groups that could do a much better job and I think they must if we are to meet this problem.

Reverend DUNN. This is the challenge we would make at the local community level and the response has been very good over the country so far.

Mrs. GREEN. Mr. Brademas?

Mr. BRADEMAS. I have no questions, Mr. Dunn, but only want to express thanks for your coming, and to say that I think you are to be particularly commended for showing some imagination in attacking this problem at the local community level.

Reverend DUNN. Thank you, sir, very much.

Mrs. GREEN. Thank you. Your statement will be made a part of the record following your remarks. The other material you furnished will be made part of the files.

Reverend DUNN. Thank you very much, Madam Chairman.

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