Spruce Budworms Handbook: Predators of the Spruce Budworm

abundant adults arthropods attack balsam fir Biology Borror Brunswick Buckner Canadian Entomologist Canadian Forestry Service carabid carabid beetles Choristoneura fumiferana coccinellid Coccinellidae concluded Crawford defoliators dispersal dragonflies dynamics of epidemic eastern egg masses endemic endemic populations Entomological Society epidemic spruce budworm estimated eumenid eumenid wasps Finnegan foliage worm Forest Insect forest pests Fredericton ft² Green River Green River Watershed ground beetles habitats hibernacula host trees Hymenoptera important predators insects instars large larvae Lepidoptera leucomelas Loughton mammals Miller mites Morris mortality nests North northeastern spruce-fir forests northern Maine numerical responses observed Odonata Ontario Opiliones parasites percent potential predators predators of large predators of spruce predatory preying on spruce pupae pupal red squirrels serological small larvae Society of Canada species undetermined spiders spruce bud spruce budworm eggs spruce budworm larvae spruce budworm moths spruce budworm populations spruce budworm pupae spruce foliage strip clearcut studies susceptible techniques tion Varty warblers wasps worm larvae