Page images
PDF
EPUB

necessary information to the driver. The size, location and design, including type face and color, of all signs required for use on the highway facility should be presented at the design stage public hearing.

Further information regarding scale, use of materials and signing is available in a report to the Secretary of the Department of Transportation, entitled The Freeway in the City."

D. Landscaping

While no amount of planting will improve the appearance of a poorly designed highway facility, quality landscaping can contribute to mitigating any negative visual impact on a community. Contour grading and the use of natural or man-made embankments, with appropriate landscaping, as sculptural forms to screen a negative view or to frame an impressive vista should be explored during the design phase. Cuts and fills, with their inherent destruction of natural cover and alteration of the landscape, should be minimized or avoided if possible, through the careful placement of retaining walls. Right-of-way fences should be screened from the view of the driver as well as the adjacent property owner with some form of planting. In rural areas, fencing should be kept below the natural tree line or terraced to prevent silhouetting against the sky or contrasting landscape. Also, the state highway department should state in writing that all remaining remnants of previous highway construction, such as bridge abutments, culverts, paving and traffic signs will be removed and the area relandscaped as part of the project under

consideration. Written assurances should also be made that all borrow pits and waste areas will be graded and landscaped as construction is completed in that area. Scenic overlooks, open space corridors between two rights-of-way and rest areas should be identified if any are to result from the construction of the proposed highway facility, with suggested landscaping plans. Where applicable, all landscaping plans should be coordinated with a state's historic markers program, with the text of suggested markers and their proposed location shown on the landscape plans and sketches.

Further information on the landscaping of highways and their immediate areas can be found in Chapter 5, "Circulation," of Landscape Architecture: The Shaping of Man's Natural Environment,* Townscape, Man-Made America, § and The Freeway in the City.#

*Urban Advisors to the Federal Highway Administration, Michael Rapuano, chairman, The Freeway in the City, Principles of Planning and Design, Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C., 1968.

tSimonds, John O., Landscape Architecture: The Shaping of Mans Natural Environment, F. W. Dodge, New York, 1961. #Cullen, Gordon, Townscape, Reinhold Publishing Corporation, New York, 1961.

§ Tunnard, Christopher, and Boris Pushkarev, Man-Made America: Chaos or Control? Yale University Press, New Haven and London, 1963.

#Urban Advisors to the Federal Highway Administration, Michael Rapuano, chairman, The Freeway in the City, Principles of Planning and Design, Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C.,.1968.

[graphic]

C. & O. Canal Bridge-The stone bridge at Harpers Ferry, West Virginia, over the canal is a significant architectural structure of the type that warrants listing on a corridor inventory. Surveys, both regional and industrial, identify engineering landmarks and solutions, respectively.

[graphic][graphic][ocr errors][merged small][merged small][graphic]

Archeological Survey-Archeologists here are excavating around the historic Devil's Mouth area near a dam under construction on the Rio Grande River.

BIBLIOGRAPHY

Appleyard, Donald, and Kevin Lynch. Aesthetic Criteria for Transportation Plan Evaluation. In "Strategies for the Evaluation of Alternative Transportation Plans." Appendix F. National Cooperative Highway Research Program, Project 8-4, July 1967.

Donald Appleyard, Kevin Lynch and John R. Meyer. The View from the Road, M.I.T. Press, Cambridge, 1963.

Barnett, Joseph. Urban Freeways and Center City Planning and Design, Journal of the ASCE Urban Planning and Development Division, December 1966.

Buchanan, Colin, and others. Traffic in Towns, A Study of the Long Term Problems of Traffic in Urban Areas. Great Britain, Ministry of Transport, H.M. Stationery Office, London, 1963.

Cron, F. W. The Art of Fitting the Highway to the Landscape. In "The Highway and the Landscape," W. Brewster Snow, ed., Rutgers University Press, New Brunswick, N.J., 1959.

Crowe, Sylvia. The Landscape of Roads, The Architectural Press, London, 1960.

Cullen, Gordon. Townscape, Reinhold Publishing Company, New York, 1961.

Detwyler, Thomas R., ed. Man's Impact on Environment, McGraw-Hill Book Company, New York, 1971.

Faltermayer, E. K. Redoing America-A Nationwide Report on How to Make Our Cities and Suburbs Livable, Harper and Row, New York, 1968.

Guide for Highway Salvage Programs in Archeology, History and Paleontology. Committee for Highway Salvage Archeology, Society for American Archeology, and the Associated General Contractors of New Mexico, Santa Fe, 1958.

Halprin, Lawrence. Freeways, Reinhold Publishing Company, New York, 1966.

Hansen, N. B. Influence of Transportation on the Quality of the Urban Environment. California Street and Highway Conference Proceedings, 1968.

Head, J. A. Highway Safety Elements in Aesthetic Designs, ASCE Volume 92, 1966.

Hershey Conference, The. Freeways in the Urban Setting. Automotive Safety Foundation, Washington, D.C., 1962.

Johnson, Johnson and Roy. A Study Approach Towards Resolving Certain Environmental Quality Issues in Highway Planning. Unpublished draft prepared for the Michigan Department of State Highways, Ann Arbor, 1972.

Leopold, Luna B., et al., A Proecure for Evaluating Environmental Impact, U.S.G.S. Circular 645, Washington, D.C., 1971.

Lewis, Philip H., Jr. Environmental Values in Regional Highway Design, Highway Research Record 161, 1967.

Lynch, Kevin. The Image of the City. The Technology Press and Harvard University Press, Cambridge, 1960.

McHarg, Ian L. Design with Nature. The Natural History Press, Garden City, New York, 1969.

Mowbray, A. Q. Road to Ruin. J. B. Lippincott Company, Philadelphia, 1969.

Pushkarev, B. Highway Location as a Problem of Urban and Landscape Design. Highway Research Record 23, 1963.

Riedesel, G. A. Social, Economic and Environmental Impact of Highway Transportation Facilities on Urban Communities. Washington State University Press, 1968.

Ritter, Paul. Planning for Man and Motor. Macmillan and Company, 1964.

Robinson, John. Highways and Our Environment. McGraw-Hill Book Company, New York, 1971.

Rogers, Taliafero, Kostritsky and Lamb, Architects and Planners. Plan for PlanningLinear City and Cross Brooklyn Expressway.

Ryan, John J. Landscaping and Conservation Practices in Highway Design and Construction. ASCE, Washington, D.C., 1969.

Sears, Bradford G. Highways as Environmental Factors, Highway Research Record 93, Washington, D.C., 1965.

Simonds, John O. Landscape Architecture, the Shaping of Man's Natural Environment, McGraw-Hill Book Company, New York, 1961.

Snow, Brewster. The Highway and the Landscape, Rutgers University Press, New Brunswick, New Jersey, 1959.

Spreiregen, Paul D. Urban Design: The Architecture of Towns and Cities, McGraw-Hill Book Company, New York, 1965.

Tattersfield, P. W. Landscaping for Highway Safety. Western Canadian Roadside Development Proc., Canadian Good Roads Association, 1966.

Ten Brummelaar, T. The Three Dimensional Aspects to Be Applied in the Design of Highways. New South Wales University, 1968.

Tunnard, Christopher, and Boris Pushkarev. Man-Made America: Chaos of Control?, Yale University Press, New York and London, 1963.

Tunnard, P. C. Highway as Environment. Connecticut Highway Department, Bureau of Public Roads, Yale University Press, New Haven, 1967.

Urban Advisors to the Federal Highway Administration. The Freeway in the City: Principles of Planning and Design, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C., 1968.

Urban Design Concept Associates. Reports to the Maryland State Highway Commission. Baltimore, 1968.

U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Guidelines for Preparation of Environmental Statements. U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C., 1971.

Voorhees, A. M. Techniques for Determining Community Values. Highway Research Record 102, Washington, D.C., 1965.

Weiner, Paul, and Edward J. Deak. Environmental Factors in Transportation Planning. Lexington Books, The Heath Company, Lexington (Mass.), Toronto and London, 1972.

Whyte, William H. The Last Landscape. Doubleday, Garden City, New York, 1968.

[graphic]

Booker T. Washington National Monument-The eminent Negro educator was born in this one-room cabin on a Virginia plantation, now the site of a 200-acre monument park.

« PreviousContinue »