Democracy and Elections in AfricaJHU Press, 2006 M09 11 - 227 pages Outstanding Academic Title for 2007, Choice Magazine This volume studies elections as a core institution of liberal democracy in the context of newly democratizing countries. Political scientist Staffan I. Lindberg gathers data from every nationally contested election in Africa from 1989 to 2003, covering 232 elections in 44 countries. He argues that democratizing nations learn to become democratic through repeated democratic behavior, even if their elections are often flawed. Refuting a number of established hypotheses, Lindberg finds no general negative trend in either the frequency or the quality of African elections. Rather, elections in Africa, based on his findings, are more than just the goal of a transition toward democracy or merely a formal procedure. The inception of multiparty elections usually initiates liberalization, and repeated electoral activities create incentives for political actors, fostering the expansion and deepening of democratic values. In addition to improving the democratic qualities of political regimes, a sequence of elections tends to expand and solidify de facto civil liberties in society. Drawing on a wealth of data, Lindberg makes the case that repetitive elections are an important causal factor in the development of democracy. He thus extends Rustow's (1970) theory that democratic behavior produces democratic values. |
Contents
INTRODUCTION | 1 |
ON DEMOCRACY AND ELECTIONS | 21 |
ELECTIONS IN AFRICA OVER TIME | 52 |
THE SELFREINFORCING POWER OF ELECTIONS | 71 |
THE CASUAL EFFECTS OF ELECTIONS | 99 |
DEMOCRATIZATION BY ELECTIONS? | 119 |
COMPARATIVE PERSPECTIVES AND REFLECTIONS | 143 |
Overview of Elections in Africa by Year | 163 |
Changes in Civil Liberties Rankings | 166 |
About the Freedom House Civil Liberties Index | 171 |
A Data Set on Elections in Africa | 174 |
Notes | 195 |
203 | |
223 | |