(5) finance under the direction of the Librarian of Congress, in consultation with the National Science Foundation and other interested agencies, (A) programs outside the United States for the analysis and evaluation of foreign books, periodicals, and other materials to determine whether they would provide information of technical or scientific significance in the United States and whether such books, periodicals, and other materials are of cultural or educational significance, (B) the registry, indexing, binding, reproduction, cataloging, abstracting, traslating, and dissemination of books, periodicals, and related materials determined to have such significance; and (C) the acquisition of such books, periodicals, and other materials and the deposit thereof in libraries and research centers in the United States specializing in the areas to which they relate;

(c) To procure equipment, materials, facilities, and services for the common defense including internal security;

(d) For assistance to meet emergency or extraordinary relief requirements other than requirements for food commodities: Provided, That not more than a total amount equivalent to $5,000,000 may be made available for this purpose during any fiscal year; (e) For use to the maximum extent under the procedures established by such agency as the President shall designate for loans to United States business firms (including cooperatives) and branches, subsidiaries, or affiliates of such firms for business development and trade expansion in such countries, including loans for private home construction, and for loans to domestic or foreign firms (including cooperatives) for the establishment of facilities for aiding in the utilization, distribution, or otherwise increasing the consumption of, and markets for, United States agricultural products: Provided, however, That no such loans shall be made for the manufacture of any products intended to be exported to the United States in competition with products produced in the United States and due consideration shall be given to the continued expansion of markets for United States agricultural commodities or the products thereof. Foreign currencies may be accepted in repayment of such loans;

(f) To promote multilateral trade and agricultural and other economic development, under procedures, established by the President, by loans or by use in any other manner which the President may determine to be in the national interest of the United States, particularly to assist programs of recipient countries designed to promote, increase, or improve food production, processing, distribution, or marketing in food-deficit countries friendly to the United States, for which purpose the President may utilize to the extent practicable the services of nonprofit voluntary agencies registered with and approved by the Advisory Committee on Voluntary Foreign Aid. Provided, That no such funds may be utilized to promote religious activities;

(g) For the purchase of goods or services for other friendly countries;

(h) For financing, at the request of such country, programs emphasizing maternal welfare, child health and nutrition, and

activities, where participation is voluntary, realted to the problems of population growth, under procedures established by the President through any agency of the United States, or through any local agency which he determines is qualified to administer such activities. (Not less than 5 per centum of the total sales proceeds received each year shall, if requested by the foreign country, be used for voluntary programs to control population growth;

(i) For paying, to the maximum extent practicable, the costs outside the United States of carrying out the program authorized in section 406 of this Act;

(j) For sale for dollars to United States citizens and nonprofit organizations for travel or other purposes of currencies determined to be in excess of the needs of departments and agencies of the United States for such currencies. The United States dollars received from the sale of such foreign currencies shall be deposited to the account of Commodity Credit Corporation; and

(k) For paying, to the maximum extent practicable, the costs of carrying out programs for the control of rodents, insects, weeds, and other animal or plant pests;

Provided That

(1) Section 1415 of the Supplemental Appropriation Act, 1953, shall apply to currencies used for the purposes specified in subsections (a) and (b),

(2) Section 1415 of the Supplemental Appropriation Act, 1953, shall apply to all foreign currencies used for grants under subsections (f) and (g), to not less than 10 per centum of the foreign currencies which accrue pursuant to agreements entered into on or before December 31, 1964, and to not less than 20 per centum in the aggregate of the foreign currencies which accrue pursuant to agreements entered into thereafter: Provided, however, That the President is authorized to waive such applicability of section 1415 in any case where he determines that it would be inappropriate or inconsistent with the purposes of this title,

(3) No agreement or proposal to grant any foreign currencies (except as provided in subsection (c) of this section), or to use (except pursuant to appropriation Act) any principal or interest from loan repayments under this section shall be entered into or carried out until the expiration of thirty days following the date on which such agreement of proposal is transmitted by the President to the Senate Committee on Agriculture and Forestry and to the House Committee on Agriculture, if transmitted while Congress is in session, or sixty days following the date of transmittal if transmitted while Congress is not in session,

(4) Any loan made under the authority of this section shall bear interest at such rate as the President may determine but not less than the cost of funds to the United States Treasury, taking into consideration the current average market yields on outstanding marketable obligations of the United States having maturity comparable to the maturity of such loans, unless the President shall in specific instances after consultation with the advisory committee established under section 407 designate a different rate :

Provided, further, That paragraphs (2), (3), and (4) of the foregoing proviso shall not apply in the case of any nation where the foreign currencies or credits owned by the United States and available for use by it in such nation are determined by the Secretary of the Treasury to be in excess of the normal requirements of the departments and agencies of the United States for expenditures in such nations for the two fiscal years following the fiscal year in which such determination is made. The amount of any such excess shall be devoted to the extent practicable and without regard to paragraph (1) of the foregoing proviso, to the acquisition of sites, buildings, and grounds under paragraph (4) of subsection (b) of this section and to assist such nation in undertaking self-help measures to increase its production of agricultural commodities and its facilities for storage and distribution of such commodities. Assistance under the foregoing provision shall be limited to self-help measures additional to those which would be undertaken without such assistance. Upon the determination by the Secretary of the Treasury that such an excess exists with respect to any nation, the President shall advise the Senate Committee on Agriculture and Forestry and the House Committee on Agriculture of such determination; and shall thereafter report to each such committee as often as may be necessary to keep such Committee advised as to the extent of such excess, the purposes for which it is used or proposed to be used, and the effects of such use.

SEC. 105. Foreign currencies received pursuant to this Act shall be deposited in a special account to the credit of the United States and shall be used only pursuant to section 104, and any department or agency of the Government using any of such currencies for a purpose for which funds have been appropriated shall reimburse the Commodity Credit Corporation in an amount equivalent to the dollar value of the currencies used. The President shall utilize foreign currencies received pursuant to this Act in such manner as will, to the maximum extent possible, reduce any deficit in the balance of payments of the United States.

SEC. 107. (a) It is also the policy of the Congress to stimulate and maximize the sale of United States agricultural commodities for dollars through the private trade and to further the use of private enterprise to the maximum, thereby strengthening the development and expansion of foreign commercial markets for United States agricultural commodities. In furtherance of this policy, the Secretary of Agriculture is authorized, notwithstanding any other provision of law, to enter into agreements with foreign and United States private trade for financing the sale of agricultural commodities for export over such periods of time and on such credit terms as the Secretary determines will accomplish the objectives of this section. Any agreement entered into under this section shall provide for the development and execution of projects which will result in the establishment of facilities designed to improve the storage or marketing of agricultural commodities, or which will otherwise stimulate and expand private economic enterprise in any friendly country. Any agreement entered into under this section shall also provide for the furnishing of such security as the Secretary determines necessary to provide reasonable

and adequate assurance of payment of the purchase price in dollars with interest at a rate which will as nearly as practicable be equivalent to the average cost of funds to the United States Treasury, as determined by the Secretary of the Treasury, on outstanding marketable obligations of the United States having maturities comparable to maturities of credits extended under this section. In no event shall the rate of interest be less than the minimum rate, or the delivery period, deferral of first payment, or term of credit be longer than the maximum term, authorized in section 106. In carrying out this Act, the authority provided in this section for making dollar sales shall be used to the maximum extent practicable.

(b) In carrying out the provisions of this section, the Secretary shall take reasonable precautions to safeguard usual marketings of the United States and to avoid displacing any sales of United States agricultural commodities which the Secretary finds and determines would otherwise be made for cash dollars.

(c) The Secretary shall obtain commitments from purchaser that will prevent resale or transshipment to other countries, or use for other than domestic purposes, of agricultural commodities purchased under this section.

(d) In carrying out this Act, the provisions of sections 102, 103 (a), 103 (d), 103 (e), 103(f), 103(j), 103(k), 110, 401, 402, 403, 404, 405, 407, 408, and 409 shall be applicable to sales under this section.

SEC. 108. The Commodity Credit Corporation may finance ocean freight charges incurred pursuant to agreements for sales for foreign currencies (other than those providing for conversion to dollars as described in section 103 (b) of this Act) entered into hereunder only to the extent that such charges are higher (than would otherwise be the case) by reason of a requirement that the commodities be transported in United States-flag vessels. Such agreements shall require the balance of such charges for transportation in United States vessels to be paid in dollars by the nations or organizations with whom such agreements are entered into.

SEC. 109. (a) Before entering into agreements with developing countries for the sale of United States agricultural commodities on what ever terms, the President shall consider the extent to which the recip ient country is undertaking wherever practicable self-help measures to increase per capita production and improve the means for storage and distribution of agricultural commodities, including:

(1) devoting land resources to the production of needed food rather than to the production of nonfood crops-especially nonfood crops in world surplus;

(2) development of the agricultural chemical, farm machinery and equipment, transportation and other necessary industries through private enterprise;

(3) training and instructing farmers in agricultural methods and techniques;

(4) constructing adequate storage facilities;

(5) improving marketing and distribution systems;

(6) creating a favorable environment for private enterprise and investment, both domestic and foreign, and utilizing available technical know-how;

(7) establishing and maintaining Government policies to insure adequate incentives to producers;

(8) establishing and expanding institutions for adaptive agricultural research;

(9) allocating for these purposes sufficient national budgetary and foreign exchange resources (including those supplied by bilateral, multilateral and consortium aid programs) and local currency resources (resulting from loans or grants to recipient governments of the proceeds of local currency sales); and

(10) carrying out voluntary programs to control population growth.

(b) Notwithstanding any other provisions of this Act, in agreements with nations not engaged in armed conflict against Communist forces or against nations with which the United States has no diplomatic relations, not less than 20 per centum of the foreign currencies set aside for purposes other than those in sections 104 (a), (b), (e), and (j) shall be allocated for the self-help measures set forth in this section.

(c) Each agreement entered into under this title shall describe the program which the recipient country is undertaking to improve its production, storage, and distribution of agricultural commodities; and shall provide for termination of such agreement whenever the President finds that such program is not being adequately developed.

SEC. 110. Agreements shall not be entered into under this title during any calendar year which will call for an appropriation to reimburse the Commodity Credit Corporation in an amount in excess of $1,900,000,000, plus any amount by which agreements entered into under this title in prior years have called or will call for appropriations to reimburse the Commodity Credit Corporation in amounts less than authorized for such prior years.

Mutual Educational and Cultural Exchange Act of 1961

(P.L. 87-256)

AN ACT To provide for the improvement and strengthening of the international relations of the United States by promoting better mutual understanding among the people of the world through educational and cultural exchanges Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives of the United States of America in Congress assembled, That this Act may be cited as the "Mutual Educational and Cultural Exchange Act of 1961".

SEC. 101. STATEMENT OF PURPOSE. The purpose of this Act is to enable the Government of the United States to increase mutual understanding between the people of the United States and the people of other countries by means of educational and cultural exchange; to strengthen the ties which unite us with other nations by demonstrating the educational and cultural interests, developments, and achievements of the people of the United States and other nations, and the contributions being made toward a peaceful and more fruitful life for people. throughout the world; to promote international cooperation for educational and cultural advancement; and thus to assist in the development