tives. The board shall elect by a majority vote a chairman from among its membership.

(9) The term "public educational institution" does not include a school or institution of any agency of the United States.

(10) The term "State" includes in addition to the several States of the Union, the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico, the District of Columbia, Guam, American Samoa, the Virgin Islands, and the Trust Territory of the Pacific Islands.

(20 U.S.C. 1132e-1) Enacted June 23, 1972 P.L. 92-318, sec. 161, 86 Stat. 303. TITLE VIII-NETWORKS FOR KNOWLEDGE

SHARING EDUCATIONAL AND RELATED RESOURCES

SEC. 801. (a) The Commissioner shall carry out a program of encouraging institutions of higher education (including law and other graduate professional schools) to share, to the optimal extent, through cooperative arrangements, their technical and other educational and administrative facilities and resources, and to test and demonstrate the effectiveness and efficiency of a variety of such arrangements, in accordance with this title. The Commissioner is authorized to make grants to, and contracts with, institutions of higher education to pay all or part of the cost of cooperative arrangements and of pilot or demonstration projects designed to accomplish the purpose set forth in the first sentence of this subsection. Such grants may be made to public or nonprofit private colleges or universities. When in the Commissioner's judgment it will more effectively promote the purposes of this title, the Commissioner may make grants to other established public or nonprofit private agencies or organizations, including professional organizations or academic societies and he may enter into contracts with established private agencies and organizations.

(b) Projects for the planning, development, or carrying out of such arrangements assisted under this title may, subject to the provisions of subsection (c), include

(1) (A) joint use of facilities such as classrooms, libraries, including law libraries, or laboratories, including joint use of necessary books, materials, and equipment; or (B) affording access to specialized library collections, including law library collections, through preparation of interinstitutional catalogs and through development of systems and preparation of suitable media for electronic or other rapid transmission of materials;

(2) establishment and joint operation of closed-circuit television or equivalent transmission facilities (such as the instructional television fixed services); and

(3) establishment and joint operation of electronic computer networks and programs therefor, to be available to participating institutions for such purposes as financial and student records, student course work, or transmission of library materials.

(c) (1) Grants pursuant to clause (B) of paragraph (1) of subsection (b) may not be used to pay the costs of electronic transmission terminals.

(2) In the case of a project for the establishment and operation of a computer network, grants may not include

(A) the cost of operating administrative terminals or student terminals at participating institutions; or

(B) the cost, or any participating institution's pro rata share of the cost, of using the central computer facilities of the network, except (i) such costs of systems development and programming of computers and transmission costs as are necessary to make the network operational, (ii) the administrative and program support costs of the central facilities of the network, and (iii) the line-access costs incurred by participating institutions.

(20 U.S.C. 1133) Enacted Oct. 16, 1968, P.L. 99-515, Title II, sec. 251, 82 Stat. 1042, amended June 23, 1972, P.L. 92-318, sec. 172, 86 Stat. 304.

APPROPRIATIONS AUTHORIZED

SEC. 802. There are authorized to be appropriated for the purposes of this title (and planning and related activities in the initial fiscal year for such purpose), $340,000 for the fiscal year ending June 30, 1969, $4,000,000 for the fiscal year ending June 30, 1970, and $15,000,000 for the fiscal year ending June 30, 1971, $5,000,000 for the fiscal year ending June 30, 1972, $10,000,000 for the fiscal year ending June 30, 1973, and $15,000,000 for each of the fiscal years ending June 30, 1974, and June 30, 1975.

(20 U.S.C. 1133a) Enacted Oct. 16, 1968, P.L. 90-575, Title II, sec. 251, 82 Stat. 1043; amended June 23, 1972, P.L. 92-318, sec. 171, 86 Stat. 304.

AUTHORITY FOR FREE OR REDUCED RATE COMMUNICATIONS
INTERCONNECTION SERVICES

SEC. 803. Nothing in the Communications Act of 1934, as amended, or in any other provision of law shall be construed to prevent United States communications common carriers from rendering, subject to such rules and regulations as the Federal Communications Commission may prescribe, free or reduced rate communications interconnection services for interconnection system within the purview of this title, whether or not included in a project for which a grant is made under this title.

(20 U.S.C. 1133b) Enacted Oct. 16, 1968, P.L. 90-575, Title II, sec. 251, 82 Stat. 1043.

TITLE IX-GRADUATE PROGRAMS

PART A-GRANTS TO INSTITUTIONS OF HIGHER EDUCATION

PURPOSES; AUTHORIZATION

SEC. 901. (a) It is the purpose of this part to make financial assistance available to institutions of higher education

(1) to strengthen, improve and where necessary expand the quality of graduate and professional programs leading to an advanced degree (other than a medical degree) in such institutions;

(2) to establish, strengthen, and improve programs designed to prepare graduate and professional students for public service; and

(3) to assist in strengthening undergraduate programs of instruction in the areas described in clauses (2), (3), and (4),1 whenever the Commissioner determines that strengthened undergraduate programs of instruction will contribute to the purposes of such clauses.

(b) The Commissioner shall carry out a program of making grants to institutions of higher education to carry out the purposes set forth in subsection (a).

(c) There are authorized to be appropriated $30,000,000 for the fiscal year ending June 30, 1973, $40,000,000 for the fiscal year ending June 30, 1974, and $50,000,000 for the fiscal year ending June 30, 1975, for the purposes of this part.

(20 U.S.C. 1134) Enacted June 23, 1972, P.L. 92-318, sec. 181(a), 86 Stat. 304.

APPLICATIONS FOR GRANTS

SEC. 902. (a) The Commissioner is authorized to make grants to institutions of higher education in accordance with the provisions of this part. An institution of higher education desiring to receive a grant under this part shall submit to the Commissioner an application therefor at such time or times, in such manner, and containing such information as the Commissioner may prescribe by regulation. Such application shall set forth a program of activities for carrying out one or more of the purposes set forth in section 901 (a) in such detail as will enable the Commissioner to determine the degree to which such program will accomplish such purpose or purposes, and such other policies, procedures, and assurances as the Commissioner may require by regulation.

(b) The Commissioner shall approve an application only if he determines that the application sets forth a program of activities which are likely to make substantial progress toward achieving the purposes of this part.

(20 U.S.C. 1134a) Enacted June 23, 1972, P.L. 92-318, sec. 181 (a), 86 Stat. 305.

AUTHORIZED ACTIVITIES

SEC. 903. (a) The funds appropriated pursuant to section 901 (c) may be used for such purposes as the Commissioner determines will best accomplish the purposes of this part.

(b) Such funds may be used solely for the purposes set forth in an application approved under section 902 and solely for the purpose of accomplishing the purposes stated in section 901(a), and to that end such funds may be used for

(1) faculty improvement;

(2) the expansion of graduate and professional programs of study;

1 Apparent error. Should read "clauses (1) and (2)."

(3) the acquisition of appropriate instructional equipment and materials;

(4) cooperative arrangements among graduate and professional schools; and

(5) the strengthening of graduate and professional school administration.

(c) No sums granted under this part may be used

(1) for payment in excess of 662% per centum of the total cost of such project or activity;

(2) for payment in excesss of 50 per centum of the cost of the purchase or rental of books, audiovisual aids, scientific apparatus, or other materials or equipment, less any per centum of such cost, as determined by the Commissioner, that is paid from sums received (other than under this part) as Federal financial assist

ance; or

(3) for sectarian instruction or religious worship, or primarily in connection with any part of the program of a school or department of divinity.

(20 U.S.C. 1134b) Enacted June 23, 1972, P.L. 92-318, sec. 181 (a), 86 Stat. 305, 306.

RESEARCH AND STUDIES

SEC. 904. The Commissioner is authorized, directly or by contract, to conduct studies and research activities in connection with the need for, and improvement of, graduate programs in various fields of study in institutions of higher education throughout the United States.

(20 U.S.C. 1134c) Enacted June 23, 1972, P.L. 92-318, sec. 181 (a), 86 Stat. 306. PART B-GRADUATE FELLOWSHIPS FOR CAREERS IN POSTSECONDARY EDUCATION

APPROPRIATIONS AUTHORIZED

SEC. 921. There are hereby authorized to be appropriated such sums as may be necessary to carry out the provisions of this part.

(20 U.S.C. 1134d) Enacted June 30, 1972, P.L. 92-318, sec. 181(a), 86 Stat. 306.

NUMBER OF FELLOWSHIPS

SEC. 922. (a) During the fiscal year ending June 30, 1973, and each of the two succeeding fiscal years, the Commissioner is authorized to award not to exceed seven thousand five hundred fellowships to be used for study in graduate programs at institutions of higher education. Such fellowships may be awarded for such period of study as the Commissioner may determine, but not in excess of three academic years, except (1) that where a fellowship holder pursues his studies as a regularly enrolled student at the institution during periods outside the regular sessions of the graduate program of the institution, a fellowship may be awarded for a period not in excess of three calendar years, and (2) that the Commissioner may provide by regulation for the granting of such fellowships for a period of study not to exceed one academic year (or one calendar year in the case of fellowships

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to which clause (1) applies) in in addition to the maximum period otherwise applicable, under special circumstances in which the purposes of this part would most effectively be served thereby.

(b) In addition to the number of fellowships authorized to be awarded by subsection (a) of this section, the Commissioner is authorized to award fellowships equal to the number previously awarded during any fiscal year under this section but vacated prior to the end of the period for which they were awarded; except that each fellowship awarded under this subsection shall be for such period of study, not in excess of the remainder of the period for which the fellowship which it replaces was awarded, as the Commissioner may determine. (20 U.S.C. 1134e) Enacted June 23, 1972, P.L. 92-318, sec. 181(a), 86 Stat. 306.

AWARD OF FELLOWSHIPS AND APPROVAL OF INSTITUTIONS

SEC. 923. (a) Of the total number of fellowships authorized by section 922(a) to be awarded during a fiscal year (1) not less than onethird shall be awarded to individuals accepted for study in graduate programs approved by the Commissioner under this section, and (2) the remainder shall be awarded on such bases as he may determine, subject to the provisions of subsection (c). The Commissioner shall approve a graduate program of an institution of higher education only upon application by the institution and only upon his finding that the application contains satisfactory assurance that the institution will provide special orientation and practical experiences designed to prepare its fellowship recipients for academic careers at some level of education beyond the high school.

(b) In determining priorities and procedures for the award of fellowships under this section, the Commissioner shall

(1) take into account present and projected needs for highly trained teachers in all areas of education beyond the high school, (2) give special attention to those institutions which have developed new doctoral-level programs especially tailored to prepare classroom teachers,

(3) consider the need to prepare a larger number of teachers and other academic leaders from minority groups, but nothing containd in this clause shall be interpreted to require any educational institution to grant preference or disparate treatment to the members of one minority group on account of an imbalance which may exist with respect to the total number or percentage of persons of that group participating in or receiving the benefits of this program, in comparison with the total number of percentage of persons of that group in any community, State, section, or other area,

(4) assure that at least one-half of all new fellowship recipients have demonstrated their competence outside of a higher education setting for at least two years subsequent to the completion of their undergraduate studies,

(5) allow a fellowship recipient to interrupt his studies for up to one year for the purpose of work, travel, or independent study away from the campus, except that no stipend or travel expenses may be paid for such period, and