Principles of International Environmental LawThis second edition of Philippe Sand's leading textbook on international environmental law provides a clear and authoritative introduction to the subject, revised to December 2002. It considers relevant new topics, including the Kyoto Protocol, genetically modified organisms, oil pollution, chemicals etc. and will remain the most comprehensive account of the principles and rules relating to environmental protection and the conservation of natural resources. In addition to the key material from the 1992 Rio Declaration and subsequent developments, Sands also covers topics including the legal and institutional framework, the field's historic development and standards for general application. This will continue to be an invaluable resource for both students and practitioners alike. |
From inside the book
Page lxxiii
... not in force ; IELMT 985 : 47 ( 1985 Nairobi Protocol ) 404 , 526-7 Protocol to the 1979 Convention on LRTAP on the Reduction of Sulphur Emissions or their Transboundary Fluxes by at Least 30 Per Cent ( Helsinki ) 8 July 1985 ...
... not in force ; IELMT 985 : 47 ( 1985 Nairobi Protocol ) 404 , 526-7 Protocol to the 1979 Convention on LRTAP on the Reduction of Sulphur Emissions or their Transboundary Fluxes by at Least 30 Per Cent ( Helsinki ) 8 July 1985 ...
Page xciii
... 448 Protocol to the 1979 Convention on Long Range Transboundary Air Pollution on Further Reduction of Sulphur Emissions ( Oslo ) , 14 June 1994 , in force 5 August 1998 , 33 ILM 1540 ( 1998 ) ( 1994 LRTAP Sulphur Protocol ) 207 ...
... 448 Protocol to the 1979 Convention on Long Range Transboundary Air Pollution on Further Reduction of Sulphur Emissions ( Oslo ) , 14 June 1994 , in force 5 August 1998 , 33 ILM 1540 ( 1998 ) ( 1994 LRTAP Sulphur Protocol ) 207 ...
Page cxxvi
... and Mediterranean Plant Protection Organization emissions reduction unit UN Economic and Social Commission on Asia and the Pacific European Treaty Series European Atomic Energy Agency Food and Agriculture Organization Foundation for ...
... and Mediterranean Plant Protection Organization emissions reduction unit UN Economic and Social Commission on Asia and the Pacific European Treaty Series European Atomic Energy Agency Food and Agriculture Organization Foundation for ...
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Contents
The environment and international society issues concepts and definitions | 3 |
science economics and other values | 5 |
The international legal order | 11 |
defining terms | 15 |
Further reading | 18 |
History | 25 |
From early fisheries conventions to the creation of the United Nations | 26 |
19451972 | 30 |
Conclusions | 497 |
Biological diversity | 499 |
General instruments of global application | 505 |
General instruments of regional and subregional application | 523 |
Regulation of particular habitats or species | 543 |
Conclusions | 615 |
Hazardous substances and activities | 618 |
Accident prevention preparedness and response | 620 |
19721992 | 40 |
UNCED | 52 |
trends and directions | 63 |
Conclusions | 69 |
Governance states international organisations and nonstate actors | 70 |
States | 71 |
International organisations | 72 |
Nonstate actors | 112 |
Conclusions | 120 |
International lawmaking and regulation | 123 |
Treaties | 125 |
Other international acts | 140 |
Customary international law | 143 |
General principles of international law | 150 |
Subsidiary sources | 153 |
Introduction to regulatory approaches | 154 |
Direct regulation | 155 |
Economic instruments | 158 |
Integrated pollution control | 167 |
Conclusions | 169 |
Compliance implementation enforcement dispute settlement | 171 |
Implementation | 174 |
International enforcement | 182 |
International conflict resolution settlement of disputes | 200 |
UNCED | 225 |
Conclusions | 227 |
Principles and rules establishing standards | 229 |
General principles and rules | 231 |
Sovereignty over natural resources and the responsibility not to cause damage to the environment of other states or to areas beyond national jurisdicti... | 235 |
Principle of preventive action | 246 |
Cooperation | 249 |
Sustainable development | 252 |
Precautionary principle | 266 |
Polluterpays principle | 279 |
Principle of common but differentiated responsibility | 285 |
Conclusions | 289 |
Human rights and armed conflict | 291 |
War and armed conflict | 307 |
Conclusions | 316 |
Atmosphere | 317 |
Urban and transboundary air pollution | 322 |
Ozone depletion | 342 |
Climate change | 357 |
Outer space | 382 |
UNCED | 385 |
Conclusions | 389 |
Oceans and seas | 391 |
The treaty regime | 395 |
Pollution by dumping | 415 |
Pollution from landbased sources including through the atmosphere | 427 |
Pollution from vessels | 438 |
Pollution from seabed activities | 445 |
Environmental emergencies | 448 |
Liability and compensation | 454 |
UNCED | 455 |
Conclusions | 457 |
Freshwater resources | 459 |
Customary law | 461 |
Regional rules | 477 |
UNCED and WSSD | 494 |
Chemicals pesticides and other dangerous substances | 625 |
The working environment | 638 |
Radioactive substances | 641 |
Biotechnology | 651 |
Other hazardous activities | 662 |
UNCED and WSSD | 670 |
Conclusions | 673 |
Waste | 675 |
Prevention and treatment | 681 |
Disposal | 684 |
Recycling and reuse | 688 |
International movement including trade in waste | 690 |
UNCED | 705 |
Conclusions | 708 |
The polar regions Antarctica and the Arctic | 710 |
Introduction | 711 |
The Antarctic Treaty regime | 712 |
The Arctic | 727 |
Conclusions | 730 |
European Community environmental law | 732 |
Sources and institutions | 734 |
Historical development | 740 |
Principles and rules | 749 |
Conclusions | 794 |
Techniques for implementing international principles and rules | 797 |
Environmental impact assessment | 799 |
Nonbinding instruments | 801 |
Treaties and other binding instruments | 803 |
Conclusions | 824 |
Environmental information | 826 |
Information exchange | 829 |
Reporting and provision of information | 832 |
Consultation | 838 |
Notification of emergency situations | 841 |
Monitoring and other information gathering | 847 |
Access to environmental information | 852 |
Public education and awareness | 860 |
Ecolabelling | 861 |
Ecoauditing and accounting | 863 |
Conclusions | 867 |
Liability for environmental damage | 869 |
State liability | 871 |
Civil liability for environmental damage under international law | 904 |
Conclusions | 938 |
International trade and competition | 940 |
Trade measures in international environmental agreements | 942 |
Unilateral environmental measures and international trade | 946 |
Competition and subsidies | 1010 |
Conclusions | 1017 |
Financial resources technology and intellectual property | 1020 |
Financial resources and mechanisms | 1021 |
Technology transfer and technical assistance | 1037 |
Intellectual property | 1043 |
Conclusions | 1053 |
Foreign investment | 1056 |
Investment treaties | 1057 |
Insurance | 1071 |
Conclusions | 1072 |
1074 | |
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Common terms and phrases
accordance action activities acts adopted Agreement allow amended Annex application approach areas assessment basis bodies cause Change chapter chemicals Climate co-operation Commission commitments Community Concerning Conference conservation considered Convention Council countries Court damage December Decision Directive disposal economic effects emissions ensure environment established European existing fisheries fishing force global governments hazardous human impact implementation important institutional International Environmental Law international law issues Italy June jurisdiction limit listed marine matters measures meeting November nuclear objectives obligations operation organisations particular parties Plan plant Policy pollution practice prevent principle procedures production Programme prohibited proposed protection Protocol provides radioactive Recommendation reduction reflected regional Regulation relating Reports respect responsibility result rules scientific sources species standards substances sustainable development taken tion trade transboundary Treaty United waste World