the channel in that portion of the river extending north from Fox Point. (The United States has not improved this portion of the river.) The city of Providence has expended during the period from and including 1854 to September 10, 1902, the sum of $507,309.179.

The New York, New Haven and Hartford Railroad Company has dredged channels from the United States channel through the harbor to its wharves at Wilkesbarre Pier and Harbor Junction. The Providence Gas Company and individuals along the west shore of the harbor have done likewise.

Newport Harbor, Rhode Island. The city of Newport has dredged a small area in the northeast part of the harbor, cleaning up deposits from sewers discharging into the harbor. Individuals and firms have from time to time dredged in to their wharves from the areas improved by the United States.

Point Judith Pond, Rhode Island.-The State of Rhode Island and the town of South Kingston are at present engaged in making an entrance from the ocean into this pond. No United States project exists for its improvement.

Harbor of refuge at Block Island, Rhode Island.-A wharf was built in this harbor, under authority of the Secretary of War, by the Fall River Iron Works Company, and is now owned and maintained by the Providence, Fall River and Newport Steamboat Company.

Great Salt Pond, Block Island, Rhode Island. The construction of a navigable entrance from the ocean to this pond, at a cost of $100,000, was commenced by the State of Rhode Island and the town of New Shoreham, and was subsequently taken up by the United States. The State and the town are now engaged upon the dredging of small ponds connected with the great pond with a view to making an inner harbor. This, however, is not included in the United States project.

(4) REPORT OF MAJ. CHAS. F. POWELL, CORPS OF ENGINEERS, NEW LONDON, CONN., DISTRICT.

ENGINEER OFFICE, UNITED STATES ARMY,

New London, Conn., September 15, 1902. GENERAL: In compliance with Department letter of July 25, 1902, requesting certain information regarding navigable waters of the district in my charge, required by section 13, act of June 13, 1902, I have the honor to submit the following:

Pawcatuck River and Little Narragansett Bay, Rhode Island and Connecticut. Three cases of improvements of navigable waters of the United States by private parties are reported, namely: (1) At Westerly; area dredged in front of city docks to channel lines, about onehalf mile long, 40 feet or more wide, and 74 feet deep. (2) One mile below Westerly; area dredged in front of docks of Clarke Thread Mills to channel line, about 300 feet long, 50 feet wide, and 7 feet deep. (3) From mouth of Pawcatuck River across eastern end of Little Narragansett Bay to the inner Watch Hill dock; bowlders removed to secure 7 feet depth to distance of about eight-tenths of a mile.

The work of improvement under approved projects by the United States, within corporate city limits, consists in dredging a channel onehalf mile long, 40 feet wide, and 10 feet deep in Pawcatuck River, opposite Westerly, R. I., distant about 40 feet from the dock fronts.

Stonington inner harbor, Connecticut. This harbor is reported to have been dredged by steamboat companies from their docks to the main channel in front of the same; extent of work not known.

This harbor is protected by two breakwaters built by the United States and includes a navigable channel 200 feet wide, 12 feet deep, and about 3,000 feet long, dredged by the United States, distant 200 to 400 feet from dock fronts.

Mystic River at Noank and Mystic, Conn.-The river at these points is reported to have been improved by private parties by dredging from dock fronts to channel lines; extent of work not known.

Improvements by the United States have included a channel dredged 15 feet deep, 100 to 200 feet wide opposite Noank, distant 200 to 300 feet from dock fronts.

Thames River above New London, Conn.-Three cases of improvements of navigable waters by private parties are reported, namely: (1) At Allyn Point; area in front of coal dock dredged to depth of 14 feet; extent not known. (2) At Fort Point (now Dawley's mills); branch channel and berth along lumber docks dredged to depth of 12 feet; extent not known. (3) At Norwich; area in front of city docks dredged to depth of 12 feet out to channel lines; extent of work not known. Also, within the corporate limits of New London, a case of improvement of navigable waters by private parties is reported, namely: A channel about 1,000 feet long and 75 feet wide, extending from the natural deep-water channel of Thames River to the shipyard of the Thames Tow Boat Company, has been dredged to a depth of 16 feet.

New London Harbor, Connecticut.-Improvements by the United States within the corporate city limits of New London have included dredging an inner harbor known as Shaws Cove to a depth of 12 feet over an area of about 7 acres. This area is bounded by harbor lines on all sides. Further work of improvement under approved project will include about 2,500 feet of dredged channel in Winthrops Cove, an inner harbor and close to docks; also about 3,300 feet of dredged channel along the main harbor water front from 100 to 250 feet from docks.

Connecticut River above Hartford, Conn.-There have been constructed by private parties under charter from the State of Connecticut, as aids to navigation, at Windsor Locks, Conn., a canal and 4 locks for passing vessels around Enfield Rapids; total length of canal, 17 miles; dimensions of locks, 200 feet long, 50 feet wide, and intended to give 8 feet depth of water on miter sills. The canal is used at present mainly as a water-power canal. The locks are not kept in good condition and not ready for navigation of even light-draft craft unless under ample notice from the navigator that the use of the locks is wanted.

Connecticut River below Hartford, Conn.-Between 1800 and 1870 the river was worked upon for about 10 miles below Hartford by private corporations and individuals, and several small stone dikes were built to deepen the channel at shoal places. The depth sought was 6 feet. None of these improvements are of value at present.

In 1901 the annual dredging on the various bars at and below Hartford was done by a private corporation. Work was begun June 3, and it is reported that about the usual amount of work was accomplished. In 1902 a portion of the annual dredging was again done by a private corporation. Work was carried on at Press Barn and Pistol Point bars

ENG 1902-162

between May 20 and 31, and at Hartford lower bar between June 21 and 28. It is reported that about 17,500 yards were removed.

Branford Harbor, Connecticut.-Private dredging has been done in times past in front of the docks at the upper end of the river. Extent of work not known.

All of the work to be done by the United States under the approved project is at the inner harbor and within the general shore line, and the projected channel is adjacent to wharves at its upper and lower

ends.

New Haven Harbor, Connecticut. The following improvements for navigation have been made by private corporations or individuals: (1) Channel 4,000 feet long, 140 feet wide, and 18 feet deep from the 16-foot anchorage basin to the railroad wharves near the depot. This channel has been redredged several times. (2) Channel or berth, 40 feet wide, 16 feet deep, and several hundred feet long along the east side of Canal Wharf. (3) Basin 200 feet wide, 400 feet long, and 13 feet deep at the end of the Starin dock, and a channel of same depth, 300 feet long, and 50 feet wide, connecting the basin with the branch channel east of Canal Wharf. Amount removed, 10,000 yards. (4) Basin at end of Standard Oil Company's dock and channel leading from main channel to above dock. Amount removed, about 15,000 yards. (5) In upper part of Mill River several cases of dredging in front of docks and for small side channels. Some of this work is repeated annually. (6) Various small jobs of dredging berths in front of docks or side channels leading to them in several places along the water front. Most of these were very small jobs and the details are unknown. Nearly all dredging by the United States which has been or is to be done under approved projects in this harbor is included within the city limits of New Haven. Below Tomlinson's bridge, at the mouth of the Quinnipiac River, about half the main 20-foot channel and three anchorage basins are within the general shore line; the 12-foot anchorage and the upper end of this main channel are adjacent to wharves.

Above Tomlinson's bridge, the Quinnipiac channel to Quinnipiac Bridge, a distance of about 3,600 feet, and the channel up Mill River to Grand avenue, part of the distance in two branches and aggregating about a mile in length, are both entirely inside the inner harbor and within the city limits; and the upper part of the Quinnipiac channel for about 1,000 feet, and that portion of the Mill River channel above East Chapel street, aggregating about 3,600 feet in length, are adjacent to wharves or to where wharves may be built.

Milford Harbor, Connecticut.-Between 1892 and 1896, private corporations and individuals removed about 70,000 yards of material from the channel outside the jetties at the entrance to the inner harbor, making a depth of 12 feet, and greatly improving the channel. Νο private dredging has been done, so far as known, since 1896.

The dredging by the United States, which has been or is to be done under approved projects, and which comes inside the inner harbor and within the general shore line, is the upper portion, about 1,200 feet long, of the 10-foot channel, the whole of the 6-foot channel, and the anchorage basin. This portion of the 10-foot channel, the north side of the anchorage basin, and the upper and lower portions of the 6-foot channel are adjacent to wharves or to where wharves may be easily built, although at present they only exist for a short distance along the upper portions of each channel.

Housatonic River, Connecticut.-No private improvements have been made very recently. In past years dredging was done by private corporations and individuals in front of the docks at Derby and Shelton; the amount of work was small and the details are not known.

Bridgeport Harbor, Connecticut. The following improvements for navigation have been made by private corporations or individuals: (1) Dredging, between 1892 and 1897, in main channel, nearly abreast of outer beacon, to obtain material for oyster beds; area covered, 600 feet or more long and 200 to 250 feet wide, depth made about 25 feet; amount removed, 50,000 yards or more. (2) Channel about 1,500 feet long, 75 feet wide, and 10 feet deep, from east side of main channel, at a point about 1,200 feet south of Cooks Point, up to the power-house of the Bridgeport Traction Company. (3) Channel about 1,200 feet long, 80 feet wide, and 12 feet deep, from the west side of the 18-foot anchorage to the west end of the Locomobile Company's dock on the north side of the "Tongue;" amount removed, 26,460 yards. (4) Various cases of berths dredged in front of docks in the main harbor and Pequonnock River, aggregating about 1,300 feet long, 20 to 50 feet wide, and from 8 to 12 feet deep; amount removed, about 13,000 yards. (5) Channels dredged through the drawbride across the Pequonnock River by the city of Bridgeport; depth made, 12 feet, amount removed, 3,500 yards. (6) In Black Rock Harbor and Cedar Creek the channel was much improved in 1889. The material was pumped ashore. Details of work are not known. During the past two years improvements have been made in Cedar Creek by about eight different corporations or individuals, consisting in dredging berths in front of their docks and widening and deepening the adjacent channels. The depths made varied from 4 to 12 feet. No complete record was kept of the yardage. (7) About 25,000 yards has been dredged from in front of and beneath the docks on the north side of the main channel, below Stratford avenue, the old docks having been removed. Depth made, 12 feet.

Nearly all improvements by the United States, which have been or are to be made under approved projects, with the exception of the outer portion of the main channel, are within the city limits of Bridgeport, and, with the exception of that portion of the main 18-foot channel outside of the inner breakwater and the portion of the Black Rock channel south of the gorge at Fancher's dock, all of the channels and anchorage basins are within the general shore line. The improvements adjacent to wharves, or where wharves may be easily built, are: That portion of the main 18-foot channel above the Naugatuck dock; the upper ends of the 12-foot anchorages; nearly all of the Pequonnock and Johnsons Creek channels; the Yellow Mill channel; that portion of the Black Rock channel opposite the north end of Fayerweather Island; the upper three-fourths of a mile of the Cedar Creek channel; and the upper end of Burr Creek channel.

Southport Harbor, Connecticut.-Portions of the ledge rock in the channel opposite the old marine railway were removed by individuals, and some dredging was done to make berths in front of the docks, and to give access to them from the main channel.

With the exception of about the lower 3,000 feet of the channel and the outer 1,000 feet of the breakwater, all improvements which have been or are to be made by the United States, under approved projects, are inside the inner harbor, Mill River, and within the general shore

line, and aggregate about one-half mile in length. About 600 feet of the upper end of the east branch of the channel and the whole of the west branch, about 550 feet, are adjacent to wharves or where wharves may be built.

Saugatuck River and Westport Harbor, Connecticut.-All improvements which have been or are to be made by the United States, under approved projects, with the exception of the breakwater at Cedar Point, are within the general shore line. The 4-foot channel up to the village of Westport, Saugatuck River, is adjacent to wharves at several places, mainly along the west shore, and the whole of the west branch and the upper 250 feet of the east branch of the channel are adjacent to the wharves at Westport.

Norwalk Harbor, Connecticut.-A small amount of work was done. toward improving this river by a company incorporated in 1867, under the laws of the State of Connecticut. The details of the work are not known. No recent improvements have been made, so far as known, by private corporations or individuals.

Of the improvements that have been or are to be made by the United States, under approved projects, a considerable portion are within the limits of Norwalk and South Norwalk, and that portion of the channel above the railroad bridge at South Norwalk is within the general shore line. At South Norwalk the docks extend for a distance of about three-fourths of a mile, mainly along the west shore, and below Norwalk they extend nearly continuously for about 2,000 feet along the west bank and 1,000 feet along the east, with a few scattered ones farther downstream. Nearly all these docks run out to within a short distance of the dredged channel.

Wilsons Point, Connecticut.-Extensive improvements have been made in past years by private corporations to afford railroad terminal facilities. The details of the work are not known. No private improvements have been made here recently, so far as known.

Of the improvements which have been or are to be made by the United States, under approved projects, the upper portion of the channel, for a distance of about 1,300 feet, is parallel to and 75 feet from the docks.

Five-mile River Harbor, Connecticut.-All of the improvements which have been or are to be made by the United States, under approved projects, are included within the general shore line, with the exception of about 600 feet of the outer end of the dredged channel. The channel is within 100 feet or less of the greater number of the wharves along the east shore. Very few wharves are on the west shore.

Stamford Harbor, Connecticut.--The following improvements have been made by private corporations or individuals: (1) The East Branch, about 14 miles long, formerly a shallow, crooked stream, was straightened and deepened, and about ten years ago was formally opened to public use, though it had been practically open for a long time previously. (2) At various times rocks have been removed from the channels, but the details of the work are not known. (3) In the East Branch work of widening and deepening the channel is now in progress and nearly completed. This improvement is of great benefit, and will give an additional width of from 30 to 60 feet for a distance of about 800 feet where the channel was formerly very narrow. The depth made is from 7 to 9 feet, and the total amount removed will be about 20,000 yards, including some rock.