hospital was closed in 1890 for lack of funds. The Homeopathic Hospital and Training School of Kansas City was opened in September, 1899, by Mrs. W. E. Dockson, as matron.

The Maternity hospital was established in 1885 by the East Side Women's Christian Temperance union. It was supported by voluntary contributions, supplemented at a later day by proceeds of laundry work performed by girls who had been treated and who needed work and a home after their recovery. The management was by women exclusively. Dr. Pauline Canfield was the first physician in charge. In 1896 the hospital closed for lack of support and its furniture was given to the Women's and Children's hospital and training school for nurses, which institution was chartered in 1897, and was organized by substantially the same body as the Maternity hospital. The management is vested in a board of directors, composed exclusively of women, and the hospital is self-supporting. Its charity work is limited to a free ward for crippled children. Agnew hospital, a general hospital with a maternity department, was founded July 1, 1897, at the northeast corner of Fourteenth street and Penn street. A building at 637 Woodland avenue was leased in October, 1898, where there are accommodations for twenty-five patients. In connection with this hospital is a Kansas City training school for nurses.

St. Luke's Hospital was established by the Rev. Edward Robert Atwill, Bishop of the Diocese of Kansas City, February 19, 1906. It is owned by the Church Charity association of Kansas City, an organization of the Episcopal church. This society was incorporated under the laws of Missouri, October 3, 1882. The articles of incorporation were amended November 28, 1906. The present building has a capacity of 25 beds and is managed by a Board of Directors under the auspices of the church Charity association. While there are a few free beds, yet it is not a purely charitable institution. There is a visiting staff, and a consulting staff of physicians; who are appointed by the directors. A successful nurses' training school is conducted in connection with the hospital, which is under the direction of the superintendent.

The South Side hospital is a small private institution. It was founded in 1905. There are 36 beds for patients. Any reputable physician may have his patients admitted. There is also a training school for nurses in connection with the hospital. The Red Cross hospital of Kansas City was founded by Dr. Alberta F. Moffet, 1902. It is a general hospital open to the profession, with a capacity of 20 beds. There are two hospitals in Kansas City that are devoted solely to the interests of the railroads. One belongs to the Missouri Pacific railroad; the other to the Kansas City Southern railroad. The Missouri Pacific hospital accommodates thirty patients. The Kansas City Southern hospital has accommodations for twenty-five patients.

The first medical periodical published in Kansas City was the Kansas City Review of Medicine and Surgery, edited and managed by Dr. Theodore S. Case and Dr. G. M. B. Maughs. It was established in 1860, and discontinued at the beginning of the Civil war. Dr. Case espoused the Union cause, while Dr. Maughs went south and entered the Confederate service. Kansas City was then without a medical periodical until 1871, when the Kansas City Medical Journal appeared, published by the Kansas City Medical college and first edited by Dr. A. P. Lankford. It was discontinued after three years for want of support. The New Medical Era and Sanitarium began publication in 1883, under the management of Dr. A. L. Chapman, but existed only two years. The Kansas City Medical Record first appeared in 1884 under the editorial and business management of Dr. A. L. Fulton and Dr. George Halley; the latter withdrew in 1885. The publication has since been recognized as an influential medical journal.

The Kansas City Index-Lancet is the outgrowth of several other journals. Dr. F. F. Dickman began the publication of the Kansas Medical Index in 1879 at Fort Scott, Kas. Dr. J. R. Cheaney became business manager in 1883, and the name of the journal was changed to Kansas and Missouri Valley Medical Index. In November, 1883, Dr. Cheaney retired, and in 1885 the publication was removed to Kansas City, and became the Kansas City Medical Index. Dr. Emory Lanphear and Dr. W. S. Elston assumed charge of the journal in September, 1885. Later Dr. Elston retired and the publication was continued by Dr. Lanphear as Lanphear's Kansas City Medical Index. Dr. H. E. Pearse was the next owner. In 1899 he sold his interest to Dr. John Punton, who was then owner of the Kansas City Lancet. Dr. Punton consolidated the two journals under the name of the Kansas City Index-Lancet.

The Medical Arena, the only homeopathic periodical in the Missouri Valley, owes its inception to an incident attending the fourth commencement of the Kansas City Homeopathic Medical college in 1892. Dr. T. H. Hudson delivered the address to the graduates of homeopathy and coeducation. All interested were desirous that the address and other information connected with the commencement should be published. This condition called attention to the urgent necessity for a homeopathic journal. Dr. Hudson persuaded Dr. C. F. DeLap to join him in establishing a journal. The first number of the Medical Standard was issued in April, 1892, but as there was a publication with the same name in Chicago, the publishers changed the title to the Keynote of Homeopathy. The journal was suspended in September, 1892, because of the accumulation of debts, but was resumed after three months under the name of Medical Arena. Dr. C. F. DeLap and Dr. W. D. Foster managed the editorial department. After several changes the

early indebtedness was liquidated. The journal is without competition in the territory tributary to Kansas City. Dr. Foster remained with the Medical Arena for about the first two years of its publication, when Dr. A. E. Newmeister, who had been associated with the journal, took over his interests. Dr. DeLap with Dr. Newmeister continued the paper's publication until 1906. The paper was then sold to Dr. S. S. Marks, who ran it as an Eclectic journal until within the last few months, when it was sold to an Eclectic journal of St. Louis.

CHAPTER XXI.

THE GREAT INDUSTRIES.

The marvelous development of the live stock trade in Kansas City was from natural sources; no special effort was required to promote the great industry of cattle raising. The immeasurable rich grazing ground in the country contiguous to Kansas City suggested the raising of live stock, and the generous soil yielding not alone the best but the cheapest of feed for the cattle further encouraged this feature of agriculture.

To the Spaniards Kansas City is indebted for the inception of the great live stock trade. When the Santa Fe and overland trade developed from the use of pack horses to caravans of wagons drawn by oxen, about 1857, great herds of the long horned Texas steers grazed in the pasture land of Texas, and not less than 20,000 of them were driven to Kansas City and used by the traders. Many were sold to firms in Chicago and Milwaukee, having been driven across the river to Randolph's Bluff to the Hannibal and St. Joseph railroad and shipped. This was the beginning of the live stock trade on which rests the commercial and industrial supremacy of Kansas City.

Before the advent of railroads in Kansas City the trade consisted only of such hogs and cattle as could easily be driven from adjacent farms to railroad stations or to the Missouri river to be shipped by water. During the Civil war the confederate army was supplied with beef from Texas, but later the war interfered with the market and the southwest was overrun with Texas cattle. The Southern people could not afford to buy and Mexico needed but a small part of the annual increase.

The drovers learned that cattle commanded high prices in the Northwest and prepared to take herds through the southwest of Missouri to Sedalia and other points on the Missouri Pacific railroad in Central Missouri. Resistance was made to their entrance to Missouri or Kansas, as it was thought

that the Spanish fever would spread among the native cattle. The objections raised by the farmers of Kansas attracted the attention of Mr. Joseph C. McCoy, a cattle dealer in Illinois. He studied the problem and considered that a receiving station for Texas cattle might be found in western Kansas, outside of settled districts. Mr. McCoy built a stock yard in Abilene, Kas., and was very successful until 1871, when the Kansas legislature, at the solicitation of the farmers living in the vicinity of the town, enacted a law that drove the live stock trade from Abilene.

L. V. Morse, superintendent of the Hannibal & St. Joseph railroad, was the pioneer of the stock yards movement in Kansas City. In 1870 Mr. Morse fenced off five acres of land and divided it into eleven pens. In 1871, the Kansas City Stock Yards company was organized with these officers: J. M. Walker, president; George H. Nettleton, general manager; Jerome D. Smith, superintendent, and George N. Altman, secretary. The Live Stock Exchange building was erected in the West bottoms at Sixteenth and Bell streets, and the stock yards covered twenty-six acres in the immediate neighborhood. The first year's receipts were 120,827 cattle, 41,036 hogs, 4,527 sheep and 809 horses and mules, a total of 6,623 cars.

The Kansas City stock yards have been enlarged at different times to meet the demands of an increasing business, until they now (1908) represent an investment of eight million dollars. This, together with the packing industry, shows the total amount of money devoted to live stock interests in this city to be $40,000,000. The yards, in 1908, covered 207 acres and had a daily yarding capacity of 40,000 cattle, 35,000 hogs, 25,000 sheep and 5,000 horses and mules. The value of the live stock received in 1907 was more than 145 million dollars. Kansas City is second only to Chicago in the live stock markets of the world.

The receipts of all kinds of live stock at the Kansas City stock yards in 1907 were 7,237,750; the number of carloads received was 145,301; cattle, 2,670,460; hogs, 2,923,460; and sheep, 1,581,468. The packing houses in 1907 purchased 1,420,183 cattle, 2,738,481 hogs, and 1,081,654 sheep.

While a great live stock center was being established in Kansas City, the horse and mule market was not neglected. The Kansas City Stock Yards company has provided every facility for handling these animals. The horse and mule market has developed until it is now (1908) one of the most important branches of the live stock industry. The receipts of horses and mules at the stock yards in 1871, the year of the organization of the stock yards company, were less than 1,000. By 1880 the receipts had increased to 14,000; in 1890 the receipts of horses and mules received in Kansas City were 47,118. The number of these animals received in Kansas City between 1900 and 1908 averaged about 65,000 a year.