borrowed 10,000 pesos, 20,000, 50,000 pesos at a block, from Filipinos, without a bit of collateral, without any witnesses, and in many cases without even writing it down. The Filipinos took the word of honor. We did it. I know of cases where the Sisters did it, and cases, where American civilians did it, perhaps not in such large amounts.

My point is that the Filipinos trusted the American. If the American, Mr. Roy Bennett, for example said, "I would like to borrow $10,000. I will give it back to you after the war. O. K., it is a deal." I think that is a high tribute in two ways: First of all to the Americans in the Philippines, and the respect and the confidence they have, and secondly, it is a tribute to the Filipino who was that loyal and who thought enough and had that sympathy for us in that condition to be willing to risk large amounts of money of that kind.

Also in connection with the damages, I spoke a little out of turn from the floor and mentioned the amount of church property that was damaged. If you remember there were two surveys. One by the American Government, one by the Philippine government, in the Philippines, and both surveys, if I am not mistaken, were a year ago Christmas, December 1945, when that other bill was up. You will find in there, in the record of that bill, that all the church property was about $125,000,000 or $126,000,000.

The Jesuits, the organization to which I belong, sustained about $2,500,000, or $2,600,000 damage in Manila, and about $5,000,000 all together in the Philippines. In Manila we lost five libraries, one of them the weather bureau. We ran the weather bureau there for the government. We lost that library. We lost a law library. We lost perhaps the best classical library in the Philippines. We lost a very good theological library, and philosophical library. We lost a very good school library, and those things are very hard to replace. However, that is damage to an organization, and you gentlemen, I think, are more interested now in damage to people.

The individual men lost their notes, what we call our personal writings, the notes, the fruit of years of study and compilation of years of study and working libraries, and collecting on our various subjects we were interested in. That might come under the heading of mental suffering.

If this not out of order, Mr. Chairman, it has struck me, listening at this hearing, I think we can all agree that the hardship has been universal. Every internee has suffered. That is the first point. Some have suffered very severely, some have even died. All have suffered. I think it has been established that we were not responsible, namely, that either we could not have come away or even if we could, we did not know about it. We were not told to come, and even perhaps if we had been told many would not have been able to come. There were not the facilities.

If this is not out of order, it struck me, I wonder if there is any way you gentlemen could give immediate aid to the internees. There are so many who need it. That has been estabilshed by Mr. Wilson. There are many internees who here and now need aid.

For instance, suppose a minimum of say $5,000 could be granted. to every internee, merely because he or she was in those camps at that time, especially the last 6 months, that is when the suffering was hardest. That is the minimum. If some, or many, as there are, if

you feel that their suffering and hardship and loss of limb or loss of life deserve more, those claims could be filed a little later and therefore their amounts could be added to.

My only point is the immediacy of the relief. If a fair and substantial relief could be offered almost immediately to these many people who need it, I think that would be a wonderful act of magnanimity and kindness and thoughtfulness on the part of the committee and on the part of the United States Congress.

Thank you, Mr. Chairman.

The CHAIRMAN. Are there any questions, gentlemen?

Mr. HINSHAW. Mr. Chairman, I would like to ask Father O'Beirne if any restitution has been made for the loss of property or pay pursuant to the act passed in the Cogress last year for the Philippine rehabilitation.

Reverend O'BEIRNE. No, sir. As I understand it, first of all that aid was contingent on the passage of the Trades Act. In the Trades Act was a condition that new American capital in the Philippines must be received in the Philippines on an equality with Filipino capital. That went to a plebicite in the Philippines, which plebicite was not run until March 10 or 11, 1947, and passed about a week ago. I believe the claims have been filed but not in excess of $500. And there are about 1,000,000 claims, they say, that have been filed. The CHAIRMAN. Are there any further questions, gentlemen? (No response.)

The CHAIRMAN. Father, we thank you for your appearance and the contribution that you have made for the committee. The matters that you have brought to our attention are all important, and you may be assured that they will have serious consideration of the committee. Reverend O'BEIRNE. Thank you very much.

The CHAIRMAN. The committee will now adjourn until 2 o'clock. (Whereupon, at 12:35 p. m., the committee recessed, to reconvene at 2 p. m.)

AFTERNOON SESSION

The committee reassembled pursuant to the taking of a recess, in room 1334, New House Office Building, Hon. Charles A. Wolverton (chairman) presiding.

The CHAIRMAN. The committee will come to order.

The first witness this afternoon will be Mrs. Carroll Grinnell.

STATEMENT OF MRS. CARROLL C. GRINNELL, SELKIRK, N. Y.

Mrs. GRINNELL. Mr. Chairman and gentlemen, my name is Ruth Belding Grinnell of Selkirk, N. Y., widow of the late Carroll Calkins Grinnell, chairman of the executive committee of the Santo Tomas internment Camp in Manila, P. I.

Mr. Grinnell was the far eastern commercial manager of the International General Electric Co., Inc., and president of the General Electric Co. (P. I.), Inc.

We, my hunsband and my sons, had lived in Manila since January 1933. In June of 1940 we returned to the States on leave and Mr. Grinnell went back to Manila without me in October. The State Department would not give me a passport because Mr. Grinnell's work would take him from Japan to Java and to ports between.

Even at that early date women were discouraged from travel, yet as late as December 1, 1941-on the last Clipper out of Manila—a letter from my husband stated that although the picture was far from bright, he did not feel too worried. I know that had he felt there was real need for apprehension the State Department would have warned him to send the wives of the company employees home. This was not one. My husban had hoped to fly home on December 8 for Christmas.

The story of Santo Tomas Internment Camp is well known. After the first year Mr. Grinnell became chairman of the executive committee-probably one of the most heartbreaking jobs in camp—and he was also in charge of hospital work.

To people who are starving and ill, everything becomes distorted and it is human to find a whipping boy. My husband labored tirelessly for the good of the camp and its people, and from what I gather, the camp was divided in its love and hate for him. We had previously lived for 10 years in Japan, so my husband's understanding of Japanese psychology stood him and the internees in good stead. I have been told that he worked closely with the underground organization and was instrumental in getting money, food, and medicine to our military prisoners at Cabanatuan as well as many other camps. He was recently awarded posthumously the bronze medal of the American National Red Cross for distinguished wartime services. His ability to obtain money for his friends and indigent people had undoubtedly saved many lives.

On December 23 of 1944 the Japanese military police, without giving any reasons for their act, took Mr. Grinnell, Mr. Alfred Duggleby, Mr. Clifford Larson, and Mr. Ernest Johnson and imprisoned them. On January 5 they were removed from Santo Tomas to an undisclosed destination. What had happened did not become known until after our forces were able to release the internees on February 3.

Friends of my husband had searched for him daily at great personal risk, as the fighting was still going on all around Manila. After a second search of the Japanese military police headquarters and the surrounding territory these men were found in a pit, buried. They had been executed about a month previously.

This is all a part of the official atrocity reports and well authenticated, but except for the horrible way in which my husband met his death, there are other things even harder to bear-the inability of a man to earn a living for his family because of illness and the burden of that illness, children without parents being maimed for life, the lifelong deficiencies growing children will never overcome due to their long starvation, the mental ills and all others attendant in 3 years of maltreatment.

Surely the Japanese are responsible and should be made to pay for the great suffering they caused, though money is a small recompense. The loss of material goods, from which we all suffered, does make life more difficult, but in time they can be replaced. If there is Japanese money available surely it should be used to repair the personal damages in as far as it is possible.

The CHAIRMAN. Are there any questions?
We thank you, Mrs. Grinnell.

Mrs. GRINNELL. Thank you.

STATEMENT OF REV. W. C. REPETTI, S. J., GEORGETOWN UNIVERSITY, WASHINGTON, D. C.

The CHAIRMAN. Father Repetti.

Father REPETTI. Mr. Chairman and gentlemen of the committee, my name is William C. Repetti. I am now stationed at Georgetown University and doing work in historical research.

Mr. Chairman, I have prepared a statement, but in view of the testimony that has already been given, several parts of it can be omitted as mere repetition.

I am a member of the Society of Jesus of the Catholic Church. At the outbreak of the recent war with Japan, December 6, 1941, I was on the staff of the Manila Observatory, Manila, Philippines, in the capacity of Chief of the Seismic and Magnetic Division, and had held that post for the preceding 13 years.

As soon as the Japanese entered Manila our activities were curbed and, together with all the other Americans of our organization, I was interned in our college, the Ateneo de Manila. Our food supply began to diminish immediately and was never adequate during the remainder of the war.

The next paragraph refers to Father Hurley, and I understand that he has already sent in a statement, so I will omit that.

The CHAIRMAN. We have not received any statement as yet from Father Hurley. I think it would be better if you would just give your statement as you have it.

Father REPETTI. One evening, about January 15, 1942, Father Hurley protested against the actions of a Japanese guard who wished to annoy a Filipino woman refugee in the Ateneo. Father Hurley was struck by a Japanese soldier and threatened with a sword by a Japanese officer. I did not actually see these actions, but I knew that a disturbance was taking place at the entrance of the Ateneo and I was looking down from the second floor into the patio and saw some of the group gather at the door.

In July 1943 we were evicted by the Japanese Army from the main college building, and I lost all the furniture of my office except a typewriting table. For 1 year I lived in a laboratory which had been converted into a dormitory, with members of the Ateneo faculty.

During this period, five members of our organization were impris oned for 412 months in Fort Santiago for not turning over to the Japanese a quantity of bayonets which the Japanese themselves had left in our college in February 1942, when they removed the ROTC rifles to which the bayonets belonged.

I have a written account by one of these five of their detention in Fort Santiago, and have no reason to doubt any part of it. One of these five is now in the Caroline Islands, one in Manila, and three in the United States, and these three could be easily contacted if so desired.

In Fort Santiago, 35 persons were confined in their cell, in which they had to sit erect from 7 in the morning till 7 the next morning; they had to lie on the bare floor in two rows, the heads of the men in one row between the legs of the men in the other. The food consisted of three saucers of rice a day. They were allowed no clothing except underwear: The toilet facilities were a faucet and a hole in the floor.

The first work assignment, lasting about a week, was to clean out a blocked sewer system which necessitated standing and working in human waste. Other labor involved cleaning the living quarters of the Japanese officers and men, who lived like animals; working in the vegetable garden in which human waste was used as fertilizer; and emptying the toilet receptacles of each cell. When some contracted dysentery there were no medicines. When one slipped and broke and cut his arm the Japanese doctor merely bandaged it and it remained so with the same bloody bandage for the last 10 days of the imprisonment.

In July 1944 all religious personnel, American, Dutch, and English, were interned in the Los Banos interment camp. The American doctors in the camp stated that all of those religious were undernourished when they entered the camp, and just about that time the food in the camp began to diminish. The grain supply gradually got down to 200 grams per persons per day, part rice and part corn, giving 900 calories or less. The issue of the last 3 days before the rescue by the American Army was 165 grams per person per day of unhusked rice. Between January 1, 1942, and February 23, 1945, I lost from 50 to 60 pounds.

In January 1945, in the Los Banos camp, Father Joseph A. Mulroy, S. J., was taken to the hospital and died on the operating table. A few days later one of the assisting doctors told me that they found ulcers of several years' standing in his stomach and a cancerous growth, apparently about a year old, in the ulcers.

Father Mulry had been imprisoned about 2 months in Fort Santiago, where he suffered the usual stravation, in September and October of the preceding year. He was detained for this period although the Japanese investigator did not find him guilty of any offense.

It seems obvious that when he was released the ulcers were irritated by food and the cancer formed. He was under 60, had always been in reasonably good health, and his death can be attributed to his imprisonment.

Personal losses on eviction from office in July 1943: Desk of Philippine hardwood; two tables, Philippine hardwood; two chairs; bookcase; three file cases; terrestrial globe, 33-inch diameter; seismic record cabinet; small safe; atlas of Philippine maps; wall map of Philippines; miscellaneous papers and publications. On internment in Los Banos: Steamer trunk; 4-inch aneroid barometer, taken by Japanese officer; tally counter, taken by Japanese officer; 500 5-inch by 7-inch photographic copies of the seventeenth- and eighteenth-century documents, taken by Japanese officer.

In rescue by American Army, a leather suitcase was lost.

Individuals are impressed most by their personal experience and sufferings and are prone to emphasize them; these should not be the sole basis for remuneration.

The Americans who were caught in the Philippines by the war should receive more consideration than foreigners. They are deeply indebted to the United States Army for its gallant rescues of the internees from the Japanese; they appreciate the $150 order for clothes which each one received on his return to the States. In contrast to these, and in view of the lavish way in which the United States gave aid to foreign people, it seemed very small and miserly for the