night, and the Filipino families who took them first were afraid to hold them because of the Japanese. So eventually a good number of these boys found their way to the Ateneo, and our argument was that these boys were exposing their lives for us at Bataan, and the least we could do for them, no matter what it cost, was to protect them. So we took those boys in. Most of them needed medication. We took care of them for some weeks and then at night through the guerrillas we sent them out to the hills. We always sent them out with medicine, clothes, and money. They had nothing when they arrived at the Ateneo. They knew that was the place to go, since we were a community there of 90 Americans.

After the Japanese took our college, about a month after, I was summoned one day to the committee known as the Committee of the Religious, who were brought in by the Japanese to ingratiate themselves in good favor with the Filipinos. I went over and suspected a number of things because, as I say, we were harboring these American soldiers, which meant death, and we were exposing the whole community to very severe punishment on the part of the Japanese, but we felt that in conscience they were Americans, they needed our help, and we gave it, no matter what was going to happen to us, we were prepared to give it, and we did.

When they called me over I was very, very nervous. I did not know what they had on me. When the Japanese first came in we had an arsenal at Ateneo. We had an ROTC-Reserve Officers Training Corps. We had about a thousand guns for the training of these young men, and when the Japanese came in and took those guns, I begged the American Army to take them out, but there was such pandemonium when the war broke that it turned out that on several occasions we had to actually get down and commandeer ships and get them over to Bataan.

So in the meantime we were left with these guns. The Japanese took them, but they left some bayonets in the arsenal. It was dark and they destroyed the lights, somehow or other. They did not take those bayonets out, and that is the reason they brought me into Fort Santiago. So, I am a fellow alumnus of Mr. Bennett, whom you heard this morning.

When they got me to Santiago they had me up for investigation about 9 or 10 times that day. The purpose was to weaken and then to intimidate, and I will never forget 11:30 at night, there was an investigator on one side of me, the interpreter on the other, and the investigator had the interperter ask me what my past criminal record

was.

At the ttime I did not have one, but I have one now, because I served 5 months. I served my time in Santiago, 5 months, and all that Mr. Bennett said I would not repeat now because you know the condition there, the little cells.

I remember one instance where Father Kennally was going along with me, going along we had a very disagreeable job. They gave it to us because we were Americans, and they wanted to humiliate us in the eyes of the Filipinos, and make us lose face. But that made no difference to us.

It was a filthy job. One day Father Kennally went out, and we were stripped of everything but our drawers. He slipped and cut his

arm very, very badly, and broke it. So I went over to him and he fainted in my arms. Then he was about 102 pounds, he had lost much weight. I was 110 pounds. When I went in I was 160, so you can tell what kind of a starvation diet they put me on.

I lifted him up and brought him out to the sergeant there. I was very, very insistent. I said this man needs medical attention, and he grumbled some insult at me, and I said I want medical attention for this man, and I want it immediately.

So I carried him up with the sergeant to the doctor, the Japanese doctor. I was there when this went on. He wrapped his arm up in a piece of bandage and said it was perfectly all right.

Father Kennally went back to the cell and stayed there eight or nine days, and thank God we were released on the 7th of December. I brought him to Santo Thomas and the first thing I did was to make reservations for him at the camp hospital. We went to the camp hospital and Dr. Stevenson, a remarkable man, was in the jail in Santo Tomas when the Japanese came in on the 3d of January. He looked at his arm and had an X-ray taken and found his arm was fractured seriously in two places.

So for 8 days he was there in the cell, with his arm wrapped up, and the filthy bandage saturated with the dirty blood. We could do nothing with it. He never said a word. About 2 days after we got to Santo Tomas I anointed him because I was told by the doctors that they did not think he had any chance to live. Finally I fought with the commandant, Kuroda, if I am not mistaken, a Japanese. I said we will have to get this man out to the hospital.

They had a hospital in the camp but they did not have the facilities there then that they had later on when they shut the hospital off. This was not the doctors, who were good, but they did not have the facilities. After warning them that Father Kennally might die in camp, they reluctantly and meanly consented and I sent for an ambulance through the superior and got Father Kennally to the hospital, and he was there about 3 months and came back looking a little better. That is an example of what we went through there.

One day-that was a blessing, it was such a place that you could scarcely breath in it-one day they asked us out to lift some sacks of rice from a truck. The sacks were about 160 pounds. Father Kennally was about 105, or whatever he was then, very much underweight. He could not lift the sack. One of these Japanese soldiers came up to him and kicked him right in the stomach with his heavy army boot. That was one time it was the Holy Ghost that held me, because I closed my fist instinctively. I am sure if I had hit the insect there would not be any more trouble for me because I probably would have died.

We lost everything because, personally, I did not have much to lose. The building, Ateneo de Manila was razed to the ground, a complete and total loss.

In conclusion, I would like to say that we do not feel any bitterness for what we went through. I personally would never want to go through it again, I will tell you that. But I thank God I went through with it. I feel that I am a better man for it all. I think that is the testimony of most of us. But it was a horrid nightmare.

Just in passing let me say this: That the Filipino people, 99.9 percent of them, were marvelously good, and generous and loyal to the Ameri

can cause. And if it were not for the Japanese forbidding them to send things to us in Santo Tomas there is no question about it all, we would not have suffered the intense pains of hunger that we did go through.

They were willing, even though it meant sacrifice to themselves, to give to us without ever counting the cost. In this matter they were marvelous. And for this reason I cannot speak too highly for the attitude of the Filipino people. They were marvelous.

In one sense we can chalk up cheerfully the bitter past and its experiences, and look about for ways to start anew the work we were doing in the islands. However, since this committee is interested in seeing that justice be done to those who bore the weight of the injustices of those war years, I submit this account for your information. The entire question under consideration is not one of proving simply that we were deprived of liberty under the Japanese domination. Such deprivation is part of the fabric of war. Here, rather, there is question of deprivation of liberty plus extraordinary hardship, violence, maltreatment and the resultant impairment of physical vigor. Those responsible for such suffering in this case in my very humble opinion, the Japanese Government, should in all justice make some compensation to those who have so suffered, and that means my presence before

you.

Thank you very very much.

The CHAIRMAN. Are there any questions, gentlemen?

Mr. Hale?

Mr. HALE. Father, I am not clear. Where were you between January, whenever it was, 1942, when the Japanese came in, until you went to Fort Santiago in August 1943?

Reverend KEANE. When the Japanese came in in January 1942, I was at the Ateneo de Manila. Shortly after their arrival, about seven or eight colonels came to the place and demanded that we give them the college.

Mr. HALE. That you give them what?

Reverend KEANE. The college. That we move out and give them this college that we were occupying. They wanted to occupy it as a hospital. We told them under no conditions whatsoever could we do that, that we were merely proprietors there, that it belonged to Rome. We fought that point tooth and nail, and due to the marvelous ingenuity of the superior, Father Hurley, we were able to hold on to the college until 1943-July 2 we were instructed to leave the college.

Then, from the 17th of August I was thrown in Santiago for 5 months. From there I was released to Santo Tomas.

Mr. HALE. It is the period prior to August 1943, that I was not clear about. It seems to me miraculous that you were not imprisoned in that first 18-month period.

Reverend KEANE. All the religious were permitted to stay out until I think it was in 1944. I was in the interment camp at the time. Mr. HALE. During that period were you free to go about the streets? Reverend KEANE. With limitation. We were a community of 90, and I was given eight arm bands. We could not go out in the street unless we had this red arm band indicating and telling the whole world that we were Americans. Because to us it was a badge of honor, and the Filipinos recognized it as such. But if we had an arm band

we were permitted to go out just a short distance from the house on serious business. Just eight for a community of 400 at the time.

Mr. HALE. During that period what were you able to do about food? Could you buy normally in the local market, subject to rationing? Reverend KEANES. Yes. And I have a little incident I would like to tell you about.

I remember distinctly buying some cracked wheat. I bought about 200 sacks of it. This was the gift of the American Red Cross, as it was stamped in indelible ink on each side, and because the community needed food I had to buy that at the rate of 28 pesos a sack.

That was during the war. It went up frightfully higher than that later on. But I had to buy that at that time. Everything went up skyhigh at the time. There was really inflation there. No question about it.

From time to time we bought from private sources. A lot of Filipinos went into that business when the Japanese came in. There were two roads going into Manila, from the north and from the south. The Japanese had their guards stationed at the entrances to both these roads and took what food they wanted from the people coming in and sold it. They made it clear to us from the beginning that now that they had come over to liberate us they expected us to feed the army. That was their understanding.

So it was very difficult to get food.

Mr. HALE. That is all, Mr. Chairman.

The CHAIRMAN. Any further questions, gentlemen?

Mr. Chapman?

Mr. CHAPMAN. Father, I listened with great interest to your very impressive statement. What kind of food did they give you in this prison where you were incarcerated?

Reverend KEANES. In the prison you got a saucer of rice three times a day. Sometimes these prisoners came in after being suspended all night by their fingers to the ceiling and whacked and beaten up unmercifully. We had no knives or forks.

I saw a case when I had to hold the saucer under their mouths so they could eat that way, because they had no strength. They were weak as kittens as regards their limbs. But that was a nightmare. Mr. CHAPMAN. What was the condition of the prison in regard to cleanliness and sanitation?

Reverend KEANES. I had a beard that came down to about my waist, and if you will pardon the expression, it got so lousy that I asked them if I could go out and have it cut off. They put me in the yard just outside the cell, Mr. Bennett knows where it is very well, two soldiers around me, and believe it or not they told me I could have the beard taken off provided I would have my head shaven off. I said, "Anything to feel clean."

I went into the courtyard, and this is a full fact: They used a pair of horse clippers. They started at my neck-and I had not had a haircut for 4 months. And I said I would like to keep the locks. What they had us do there I would not repeat in polite society. I am too much of a gentleman.

Mr. CHAPMAN. What was the occasion of your release from this prison?

Reverend KEANES. The strange part of it is this. I was called in and they examined me for about 3 or 4 weeks, and for asininity they lead the world when they ask the questions. They asked me what color was the room I was born in, and things like that.

At any rate, at the end of this investigation they told me they had rothing against me. Anything I did I did in good faith, and so on. I was going to be released immediately. So I walked back to the cell on air. I said "Thanks be to God it is over."

I waited there 60 more days. Then finally one day they called me up and said "Whereas one Anthony"-they could not pronounce my second name "Keanes has defied the Imperial authorities"-they meant the boarding house in Manila, that is what they called the Ateneo "he is hereby sentenced to 90 days in prison." That was not retroactive. So all told I was in about 160 days. It was too long. Mr. CHAPMAN. I judge, Father, that you would not be a very good character witness for these people in regard to their reputation for truth, veracity, and honesty.

That is all; thank you.

The CHAIRMAN. Any further questions?

Mr. MILLER. Just one.

The CHAIRMAN. Mr. Miller.

Mr. MILLER. Do you happen to know, Father, what the total property loss was to the churches of Rome in the Philippines? Have you seen any figures?

Reverend KEANES. I cannot give accurate figures, no. $5,000,000, I think.

STATEMENT OF REV. VINCENT de PAUL O'BEIRNE, FORDHAM UNIVERSITY, NEW YORK, N. Y.

Reverend O'BEIRNE. $125,000,000.

Mr. MILLER. Is that the Catholic Church property only?
Reverend O'BEIRNE. The Catholic Church. $125,000,000.
Mr. MILLER. Would the Protestant Church loss be substantial?
Reverend O'BEIRNE. About one-third.

The CHAIRMAN. Are there any further questions, gentlemen? (No response.)

The CHAIRMAN. If not, Father, we thank you very much for your appearance this morning. It is most helpful, indeed, to have the benefit of your testimony, and the statement which you were kind enough to prepare is appreciated.

The CHAIRMAN. The next witness will be our colleague Joseph Farrington, Delegate from the Territory of Hawaii.

STATEMENT OF HON. JOSEPH R. FARRINGTON, A DELEGATE IN CONGRESS FROM THE TERRITORY OF HAWAII

Mr. FARRINGTON. Mr. Chairman, my name is Joseph R. Farrington, Delegate to Congress from Hawaii.

I appear to make a very brief statement. I am in sympathy with the general purposes of this legislation. I would like to request that in consideration of the losses suffered as a result of the Japanese attack on Hawaii, of December 7, 1941, that Hawaii be included in the list of areas that are covered within the scope of the bill.