ASSOCIATION OF AMERICAN GEOGRAPHERS General Series Commission on College Geography Publications For information write to Arizona State University *1. Geography in Undergraduate Liberal Education, G. F. 2. A Basic Geographical Library-A Selected and An- *3. Geographic Manpower- A Report on Manpower in 4. New Approaches in Introductory College Geography *5. Introductory Geography- Viewpoints and Themes, M. 6. Undergraduate Major Programs in American Geog 7. A Survey Course - The Energy and Mass Budget at the 8. A Systems Analytic Approach to Economic Geog- 9. A Geographical Bibliography for American College 10. Geography in the Two-Year Colleges, Panel on Geog- 11. Manpower in Geography-An Updated Report, revision 12. Planning College Geography Facilities, R. Stoddard, 1973 *Out of print Resource Papers 1. Theories of Urban Location, B. J. L. Berry, 1968 2. Air Pollution, R. A. Bryson, J. E. Kutzbach, 1968 3. Perspectives on Geomorphic Processes, G. H. Dury, 4. Spatial Diffusion, P. R. Gould, 1969 5. Perception of Environment, T. F. Saarinen, 1969 6. Social Processes in the City: Race and Urban Residen- 7. The Spatial Expression of Urban Growth, H. M. Mayer, 8. The Political Organization of Space, E. W. Soja, 1971 10. Man and Nature, Yi-Fu Tuan, 1971 11. Tropospheric Waves, Jet Streams, and United States 12. The Spatial Structure of Administrative Systems, B. H. 13. Residential Mobility in the City, E. G. Moore, 1972 15. Conservation, Equilibrium, and Feedback Applied to 17. Computer Cartography, T. K. Peucker, 1972 18. Society, The City, and the Space-Economy of Urban- 19. Thematic Cartography, P. Muehrcke, 1972 20. Man and Environment, K. Hewitt, F. K. Hare, 1973 22. Misused and Misplaced Hospitals and Doctors, P. de Technical Papers 1. Field Training in Geography, K. E. Corey, A. D. Hill, J. 3. Evaluating Geography Courses: A Model with Illustra- 4. Living Maps of the Field Plotter, R. E. Nunley, 1971 5. Simulation of the Urban Environment, B. M. Kibel, 6. Computerized Instruction in Undergraduate Geog 7. The Interface as a Working Environment: A Purpose 8. LAND USE: A Computer Program for Laboratory Use 9. A Bibliography of Statistical Applications in Geog- 10. Multidimensional Scaling: Review and Geographical MISUSED AND MISPLACED HOSPITALS AND DOCTORS: A Locational Analysis of the Urban Health Care Crisis Pierre de Vise Copyright 1973 ASSOCIATION OF AMERICAN GEOGRAPHERS Commission on College Geography 1710 Sixteenth Street, N.W. Washington, D.C. 20009 RESOURCE PAPER NO. 22 Library of Congress Catalog Card Number 73-83738 FOREWORD The Resource Papers have been developed as expository documents for the use of both the student and instructor. They are experimental in that they are designed to supplement existing texts and to fill a gap between significant research in geography and readily accessible materials. The papers are concerned with important concepts in modern geography and focus on three general themes: geographic theory; policy implications; and contemporary social relevance. They are designed as supplements to a variety of undergraduate college geography courses at the introductory and advanced level. Other Resource Papers relating to the general themes covered in this paper are No. 1-Theories of Urban Location; No. 6-Social Processes in the City: Race and Urban Residential Choice; No. 7-The Spatial Expression of Urban Growth; No. 13-Residential Mobility in the City; No. 16-Metropolitan Neighborhoods: Participation and Conflict Over Change; and No. 18-Society, The City, and The Space-Economy of Urbanism. These Resource Papers are developed, printed, and distributed by the Commission on College Geography under the auspices of the Association of American Geographers with National Science Foundation support. The ideas presented in these papers do not imply endorsement by the AAG. Single copies are mailed free of charge to all AAG members. Editorial and technical assistance for this paper was provided by Jane Castner and Marie Nixon of the AAG Central Office and by Salvatore J. Natoli, Educational Affairs Director, Association of American Geographers. ACKNOWLEDGMENTS Of the many people who contributed to this study with their studies, ideas and encouragement, the author would like to single out his principal collaborators with the Chicago Regional Hospital Study-Professors Richard Morrill, Brian Berry, Robert Earickson, Gerald Pyle, and Donald Dewey. The hundred odd reports produced during the seven years of the Chicago Regional Hospital Study, summarized in Chapter I and listed in the Appendix, are the backbone of this study. The 25 other contributors of papers are identified in the Introduction and the Appendix. The author is grateful for the stimulation and advice given by the members of the Chicago Regional Hospital Study advisory committee, also identified in the Appendix. Mary McLean edited the first draft. The Panel on Resource and Technical Papers of the Commission on College Geography also provided valuable editoral advice. The author acknowledges the support given by the two sponsors of the Chicago Regional Hospital Study-the Hospital Planning Council for Metropolitan Chicago, during the first five years of the study, and the Illinois Regional Medical Program during the sixth and seventh years. Staff members of the latter agency who contributed to the preparation of the manuscript include Martha Latko, who typed the two drafts, and Ruth Ramirez, who proofread the drafts. Parts of the Introduction, Chapters III, IV, and V are adapted from some of the author's Chicago Regional Hospital Study working papers. Published versions of these papers previously appeared in HOSPITALS, Modern Hospital, The Journal of Medical Education, and Health Services Research. The author is grateful for permission granted by these journals to reprint portions of the articles. The use made of all these materials as well as the final form of this report are, of course, the exclusive responsibility of the author. More particularly, it is hoped that the scatter-shot approach employed in the first two chapters will be understood as necessary for the calibration of targets pinpointed in the final chapters. Pierre de Vise |