and the placing of the patient in as hot a sitz bath as he can stand, for from fifteen to thirty minutes. "In the majority of cases this practice is followed by the reduction of the strangulated cases, that before have seemed to be irreducible. The pains and vomiting of the patient cease as if by magic; a sound sleep ensues, during which the hernia generally reduces itself When the spontaneous reduction does not occur it is easily accomplished by taxis. Out of seventeen inguinal o inguino-scrotal hernias-hernas fully strangulated, and which had resisted all attempts at reduction by taxis-reduction was obtained fourteen times. In these favorable cases one injection sufficed except in one case, where it was used three times in one day. For country practitioners, who are often called into such cases, this treatment is a valuable remedy. A horse-trough filled with hot water can supply the bath." [Altho we have not tried this procedure, we would not hesitate to give it a trial in any case. There is absolutely no danger in one or two injections of morphia and a hot bath. Both the morphia and the bath would tend to relieve nervous tension and produce relaxation, thereby relieving the strangulation and facilitating the reduction of the hernia. We would be disappointed if it did not prove efficient. The greater danger in the treatment is that one might possibly wait too long in expecting the relief to come, thereby endangering death of the strangulated gut. Beware of this and don't delay an operation too long.-B.] Eclectic Medical Gleaner. Tonsilitis. Now that the cold weather is upon us, it is advisable to be on the alert for those ailments peculiar to this season of the year. Among them, and one of the commonest, is tonsilitis. It is well to bear in mind that this trouble is usually ushered in with severe symptoms, such as a high fever, nocturnal delirium of a mild type, with a tongue growing rapidly foul with a heavy coat, constipated bowels, painful deglutition, sore throat and considerable peevishness and irritability. A severe sudden onset occasions most alarm to the parents, but should be a harbinger of be nignancy to the experienced practitioner. Diphtheria is usually feared at this season, and these sudden severe onsets arouse all the latent fears of affectionate parents. Often it does the same to the thoughtless physician. But the dread disease is usually less sudden in onset. Very often the throat trouble is preceded by malaise for one or more days. In our larger cities having stringent health board regulations, it is especially of greatest importance not to call a case diphtheritic until certain of the diagnosis, for when once the authorities have been notified it is no easy matter to have them lessen the rigor of their precautions, however much they may be protested against as unnecessary. It is thus that too quick a diagnosis will place the physician in a dilemma from which he cannot escape without some blame, and sometimes the loss of the family practice. ers. When the case is one of tonsilitis far enough advanced to make abortive treatment useless the parents should be assured of its benign nature, though sometimes drastic symptomatology, and be informed that it is very likely to continue for several days. As to treatment, the old calomel purge, but in small divided doses, say 1-10 gr. every twenty minutes till twelve doses have been taken, has held its own against all comWhen once free stools are secured there soon will be little left of the tonsilitis in most instances. Locally, a silk handkerchief about the throat close up to the ears and chin and occiput is a very soothing, as well as clean and readily applied, remedy. Within a mild saline spray through the nose and mouth every hour or half hour, or, better still, one made up of Seller tablets. Minute doses of aconite or aconitine may be given with good effect so long as the fever is high and the pulse full and hard. But there is no remedy that equals acetanilid in efficiency and promptness in the reduction of fever and the relief of pain. It acts within twenty minutes and usually holds its effect for about four hours. The return is sudden if the doses are not sufficiently overlapped. If it is applied to the tonsils by insufflation of the dry powder its local antiseptic and analgesic effect is added to its systemic benefits. We have repeatedly proven the specific 9. Describe the portal circulation. effect of guaiacum in rapidly curing this disease in its insipiency. It is best given tion and function of the oculomotor nerve. in a lozenge or hard tablet, which, by slow solution in the mouth, bathes the affected tonsils as it is swallowed. Under no circumstances should the child be forced, or even urged, to take food of any kind that it does not want. Usually it wants none when it is best that it gets none. Cooling drinks should be given ad libitum. The error of giving excessive doses of medicine should be carefully avoided as positively injurious, and, therefore, reprehensible. The efficiency of the calomel is explained by its effect upon the entire glandular system, possibly acting as a morbific elimi nant-The Medical Council. New York State Examination, June, 1897. 1. What and where are the Wormian bones ? 2. Mention the sutures at the vertex of the skull and state what bones they unite. 3. Mention and describe the salivary glands. 4. Describe the ankle-joint. 5. Mention any one muscle which moves the humerus, (a) forward, (b) backward, (c) inward. 6. What would be the collateral circulation if the brachial artery were to be ligated just below its profunda branches? 7. Describe the abdominal aorta. 9. Give the location and a description of the tubercula quadrigemina. 10. What is synovial membrane? What is its secretion called? What are the sub divisions of synovial membranes ? II. Describe the trachea. 12 Describe the renal blood circulation. 13. Mention the lobes, the fissures and the ligaments of the liver. 14. What are the coverings of femoral hernia ? 15. What structures would be severed by a knife cut from the corner of the mouth to the angle of the jaw? PHYSIOLOGY AND HYGIENE. I. How is cartilage (a) developed, (b) nourished? 2. Describe nerve-cells and nerve tissue. 3. Give the movements of the vocal cords in vocalization. 4. What experiments have been made to prove the glycogenic function of the liver? 5. In what glands of the body is function undermined? 6 Give the physiology of urine excretion. 7. Mention the different digestive fluids and state the function of each. 8. What is the normal ratio of respirations to heart pulsations? II. What office does the Eustachian tube perform? 12. Give a fattening diet. What are the effects of too much food on the human system? 13. What are ptomains and how are they produced? 14. Give the ordinary average death-rate in (a) rural districts, (6) cities. 15. How is soil air polluted? CHEMISTRY. 1. Define porosity, adhesion, capillary attraction. gical antidotes differ in action? Illustrate. 2. How do chemical antidotes and physiolo 3. Mention two elements of each of the fol lowing groups: univalent, bivalent, trivalent, quadrivalent. 4. What is the difference between analytic methods and synthetic methods in chemistry? 5. What chemical changes take place in the blood and in the air breathed during respiration? 6. What is destructive distillation? What gases are usually generated during the process of destructive distillation? 7. What is the boiling point, Fahrenheit, of (a) water, (b) alcohol, (c) mercury? 8. Give in order of frequency the possible chemical composition of urinary calculi. 9. Describe sulfur, and mention its important compounds. 10. Describe the incandescent electric light and explain its uses as an aid to diagnosis in medical and surgical practice. II. What is boron? Give its principal compounds. What is the chemical importance of boron in medicine? 12. Give the composition and the properties of chloroform. 13. Complete the following equation and give the resulting compounds : 2C, H, KO, + H2 SO, = 14. What organic acids are present in vegetables and fruits? 15. What is the composition of seidlitz powders? What chemical changes take place when the ingredients of a seidlitz powder are jointly dissolved? SURGERY. 1. Describe atrophy and give the causes. 2. Describe repair following division of a tendon. 3. What are the symptoms of elephantiasis? Give the treatment of elephantiasis. 4. Give the symptoms, diagnosis and treatment of lymphorrhagia. 5. Describe calcification of an artery wall. 6. What symptoms follow division of the facial nerve? 7. Give the treatment of contraction of the fingers due to disease or injury of the palmar fascia. 8. Give the varieties and the treatment of ankylosis. 9. Describe a typical operation for excision of the breast for carcinoma. 10. How is surgical cleanliness attained? II. Give the symptoms, diagnosis and treatment of pyloric stenosis. 12. Describe the operation of castration, and give the indications for this operation. 13. Give the early symptoms and the treatment of hip-joint disease. 14. Give the diagnosis and treatment of abscess of the cornea. 15. What are the indications of ovariotomy? Give the method of performing this operation. OBSTETRICS. 1. Give an anatomic description of the external organs of generation in a female and mention their several functions 2. Describe the changes in the uterine mucosa that follow fecundation. 3. Mention some of the usual causes of sterility in woman and state how they may be overcome. 4. What is the normal duration of pregnancy? Give the limits of the variations of pregnancy and state how its duration should be calculated. 5. Differentiate eutocia from dystocia. Mention the important varieties of dystocia. 6. Classify the objective and subjective signs of pregnancy and state their relative value. 7. Define hysterectomy and state when it is applicable in obstetric complications. 8. Define puerperal sepsis and state both how to prevent it and how to overcome it. 9. Make a diagnosis of shoulder presentation and state how it should be managed. 10 Give the characteristic or distinguishing marks of a primiparous and of a multiparous 13. State how the apparently still-born should be managed with reference to resuscitation. 14. Describe the immediate care of the newborn child when for any reason the mother cannot nurse it. Give rules for artificial feeding. 15. Give directions for the protection of the perineum during labor State what should be done in case of laceration of the perineum. PATHOLOGY AND DIAGNOSIS. 1. Describe the elimination and destruction of bacteria within the body. 2. Describe the process of (a) simple inflammation, (b) wound repair, (c) suppuration. 3. Define tuberculosis, fatty degeneration, hyperemia. 4. Give the pathology of pachymeningitis. 5. Give the physical and the microscopic appearance of scirrhous cancer. 6. What structure changes occur in inflammation of the lymphatic glands? 7. Give the pathology of glanders. 8. What morbid anatomic changes take place in dysentery? 9. Describe the conditions, pathologic and physiologic, that cause vertigo. Io Differentiate cardiac hypertrophy from dilatation of the right ventricle. II. What conditions might cause alvine discharges containing fat? 12. Give the characteristic symptoms of purpura hemorrhagica. 13. Make a diagnosis, by exclusion, of gastric dilatation. 14. Describe ulcerative keratitis. 15. What conditions increase the amount of uric acid voided with the urine? What conditions decrease the amount.-The Chironian. Ichthyol in Tuberculosis. Fraenkel extends the use of ichthyol in tuberculosis, having employed the remedy in some thirty cases. In incipient stages the cough disappears in a few days. If the lesions are more extensive it may continue for some weeks or even months. Expectoration becomes more liquid and less abundant. All the symptoms are much improved. Twenty to forty drops of a mixture of Parts of ichthyol and water should be taken four times daily. A little peppermint may be added to disguise the taste. spite of its disagreeable odor and taste, the remedy produces no unpleasant gastric symptoms.-Medical News. Discovery of the Alkaloids. In The history of alkaloids begins with this century. In 1803 Derosne at Paris obtained from opium a crystalline substance which he called "salt of opium." He recognized its alkaline properties, but attributed them to impurities in the alkali used in liberating his substance. In the next year Seguin also obtained morphine, but attached no importance to the alkaline reaction. The first man to isolate this vegetable base and to recognize it as such was Serturner, a German pharmacist, who in 1806 showed that it was combined in opium with meconic acid as a salt. This was neither noticed nor believed at the time, as plants were then supposed to produce only acids or neutral bodies. In 1817 Serturner again published an article upon the subject, entitled, "Morphium, a new base capable of forming salts and meconic acid, being the principal constituents of opium." He calls morphine in this article a vegetable alkali, and compares its properties to those of ammonia. This publication had its effect, and the alkaloid era then and there marked its beginning. From 1817 to 1835 all the principal alkaloids were isolated, as It is due a journal from which reliable and helpful information is obtained, to give it, as well as the person who furnished the copy, not only proper credit, but to return to that journal favorable comment and such information as may have been added from experience with the good things furnished. I select two prescriptions from many in this Journal which I have found useful. The first one, by the late Prof. A. J. Howe, and which he suggested labeling "Sedative R Camphor gum, chloral hydrate aa. oz j gr. v Sig. To be painted over painful spots. As no particular directions for preparing this, or further directions for use were given, I will add that if the ingredients are put together in the order I have given, a clear mixture will result, otherwise not. Triturate the camphor and chloral together, add the chloroform, and finally the morphine, which, on shaking, will soon dissolve and the mixture become clear when it is ready for use. I have found this mixture especially useful in neuralgia of superficial nerves, applied over the seat of pain and inhaled frequently as spirits of camphor is commonly used. A few drops on a pledget of cotton, put into the cavity of an aching tooth, after the cavity has been wiped out, and applied to the gums, will usually stop the pain of any not ulcerated and requiring immediate extraction. Used in the same manner, it will often render pulling, when necessary, painless, or nearly so, and is as good as most of the anaesthetics containing cocaine, for this purpose, without its danger. Applied to inflamed joints, it will prove helpful, and will contribute toward relief in many other troubles which will suggest themselves. Of its use internally, not mentioned before, I have found it the equal, if not superior in effect, to any of the chlor.anodynes, chlorodynes, and the like offered, particularly for gastrodynes and the various colics for which such remedial agents are applicable. The dose is three drops and upward to the limit as required. Syrup of rhubarb compoundneutralizing cordial-is one of the best vehicles for administering it internally, as it covers the taste and is otherwis beneficial. Water is not a good vehicle for it, as the camphor will not mix wit it, though it may be added in such quantity as desired after mixing with the rhubarb compound. It is best to add the vehicle only at the time of administering the remedy, as the mixture is not a permanent one. Perhaps a vehicle which will be more permanent and as suitable will be found and made known to us by some reader. For sea sickness the remedy is the best I ever tried, in my experience, and merits the name specific, as I have never known it to fail to give relief. It has acted like magic in some cases, in surprisingly small doses. Four successive cases I now recall were completely relieved by a single dose of three drops. I would especially recommend it for this trouble, and ask for it a thorough trial and report by those having opportunity, that its value may be exactly determined, and more generally made known. -Dr. J. D. Ely, in Eclectic Med. Jour. Osteology. How many bones in the human face? How many bones in the human hip? How many bones in the human thigh? How many bones from the leg to the knee? How many bones in the ball of the foot? And now altogether these many bones fix? -Indian Medical Record. Quiz Department. Questions are solicited for this column. Communications not accompanied by the proper name and address of the writer (not necessarily for publication) will not be noticed. The great number of requests for private answers, for the information and benefit of the writer, makes it neces sary for us to charge a fee for the time required. This fee will be from one to five dollars, according to the amount of research and writing required. Two Cases. Editor MEDICAL WORLD :-Having been greatly benefitted by being for five years a constant reader of THe World, which is one of the most valuable magazines that comes to my desk, and as the Quiz department is one of the most interesting and instructive sections, I would like to report two cases for help : Ist. J. H., white, male, age 27 years, 6 feet high, weight 170 lbs.; complexion dark; boss mechanic. Has been afflicted for the past five years with an affection of the head. At first he would complain only of pain in the occipital region, which would gradually extend toward the forehead by evening, and at times was dizzy. This was more noticeable in summer than in winter, which has been the case all the while until this year. His condition has been gradually growing worse and now the pain in back of head is continuous, and toward each evening becomes a general headache. The dizziness is very much marked at times. He is absent minded and irritable in disposition, at times being troubled with inability to speak readily. Pain in back and limbs, more marked in legs; tingling and jerking of muscles and limbs are occasionally felt. Patient extremely nervous and expresses a disposition to "fly to pieces." There seems to be a partial paralysis of the sphincter of the bladder; also an occasional escape of semen on defecation, and nocturnal emissions. General appearance healthy; heart, lungs, liver and kidneys in a normal condition. Has a ravenous appetite, good digestion and good family history. 2nd Case. R. M., white, male, age 39, complexion dark; occupation, loom fixer in Miss Mills, which necessitates constant stooping. Seventeen years ago he began having occasional attacks of supposed lumbago, average of one each year, causing him to stay from work a |