Patterns of Policing: A Comparative International AnalysisRutgers University Press, 1990 - 263 pages This book examines the historical development of modern policing in a variety of countries -- France, Germany, Great Britain, Italy, the Netherlands, Norway, Russia, India, Japan, China, Canada, and the United States -- to construct general propositions about the development of modern police systems, police functions, and the politics of policing. It traces the emergence of public, specialized, and professional police organizations and describes the varied structures of modern police force. Today, police forces world-wide tend to be public rather than private, to concentrate on crime fighting rather than services, and to be professionally trained and recruited. There is, however a great variation in the degree of centralization. This difference is determined to a great extent by the government's perceived need to control rebellious divisions within the country. Increases in the numbers of police may relate more to internal security requirements than to increases in crime. The behaviour of police toward their constituents is also examined. As urbanisation increases, the public finds itself in greater contact with the police, and rely on them more for protection as the primary groups such as the family lose their supportive role. Methods of making police accountable and the police role in politics are also examined. In his conclusions, the author predicts that the private police forces will expand, that the size of all forces will expand in relation to territory, that the direct intervention of police in politics will increase, and that the police will become aware of the need to mobilize the public against crime. |
Contents
Toward a Theory of Policing | 3 |
The Development of Modern Police 22333435 | 74 |
1 | 77 |
Police Strength | 83 |
6 | 86 |
Police Work | 103 |
Statistical Analysis of the Effect of Instigation | 118 |
A Theory of Encounters | 130 |
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administrative agencies analysis areas assignments associated Bayley Bramshill Police College Britain bureaucratic Canada capacity centralization chap Chapter character of government Chilly-Mazarin cities civil collective violence command constables countries created crime-related criminal cultural decentralized determine differences discipline effect England Europe factors formal France groups Gurr important increases India instigation internal control interpersonal relations Japan kilometers law enforcement lice located London mechanisms ment military mobilization Morgan City Morgan County Mylapore nature of police Netherlands nineteenth century Norway number of police Orissa Oslo outcomes patrol personnel police activity police encounters police forces police officers police organizations Police Station police strength police systems political population problems professional proportion public demand public police reactive reform regime police requests respect responsible riots Rjukan role Russia Singapore situations that police social societies square kilometers Sri Lanka strategies structure Tamil Nadu Thiruporur tion traditions traffic University Press variations